Quasi-steady-state pulsed plasma thrusters.
Quasi-steady-state operation of arc thrustor obtained with pulse time of few hundred microseconds, producing continuous plasma stream
THRUSTOR↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “STEADY STATE”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Steady-State Thermal Design of Space Radiators
Steady state thermal design of space radiators consisting of flat panel containing parallel single pass tubes
Chapman, A. J.↗
Pioneer 6 observations of a steady-state magnetosheath.
Pioneer 6 observations of steady state magnetosheath during transit of magnetopause under quiet solar wind-geomagnetic field interaction conditions
Mckibbin, D. D.↗
Effects of steady state adiabatic convection on the configuration of the near-earth plasma sheet. II
Convection in the plasma sheet is studied using two new two-dimensional, force-balanced magnetospheres that satisfy pV exp 5/3 = constant in the inner and middle plasma sheet. It is confirmed that there exists a substantial set of steady state adiabatic solutions. Like a previously obtained steady state solution, each of these models exhibit a broad minimum in equatorial magnetic field strength B(ze) tailward of the inner edge region between 10 and 20 R(E), but they possess higher values of flux tube content pV exp 5/3 and thus have more stretched tidal configurations and smaller minimum values of B(ze) than those in the original model. A steady state magnetic field model in which B(ze)/B(lobe) at 36 R(E) geocentric distance is close to the observed value has been constructed. The results indicate that the B(ze) minimum tends to form within the Alfven layers. The broader the Alfven layers, the less pronounced the minimum.
Hau, Lin-Ni↗
Dynamical approach study of spurious steady-state numerical solutions of nonlinear differential equations. Part 1: The ODE connection and its implications for algorithm development in computational fluid dynamics
Spurious stable as well as unstable steady state numerical solutions, spurious asymptotic numerical solutions of higher period, and even stable chaotic behavior can occur when finite difference methods are used to solve nonlinear differential equations (DE) numerically. The occurrence of spurious asymptotes is independent of whether the DE possesses a unique steady state or has additional periodic solutions and/or exhibits chaotic phenomena. The form of the nonlinear DEs and the type of numerical schemes are the determining factor. In addition, the occurrence of spurious steady states is not restricted to the time steps that are beyond the linearized stability limit of the scheme. In many instances, it can occur below the linearized stability limit. Therefore, it is essential for practitioners in computational sciences to be knowledgeable about the dynamical behavior of finite difference methods for nonlinear scalar DEs before the actual application of these methods to practical computations. It is also important to change the traditional way of thinking and practices when dealing with genuinely nonlinear problems. In the past, spurious asymptotes were observed in numerical computations but tended to be ignored because they all were assumed to lie beyond the linearized stability limits of the time step parameter delta t. As can be seen from the study, bifurcations to and from spurious asymptotic solutions and transitions to computational instability not only are highly scheme dependent and problem dependent, but also initial data and boundary condition dependent, and not limited to time steps that are beyond the linearized stability limit.
Yee, H. C.↗
Newton's method applied to finite-difference approximations for the steady-state compressible Navier-Stokes equations
Finite-difference approximations for steady-state compressible Navier-Stokes equations, whose two spatial dimensions are written in generalized curvilinear coordinates and strong conservation-law form, are presently solved by means of Newton's method in order to obtain a lifting-airfoil flow field under subsonic and transonnic conditions. In addition to ascertaining the computational requirements of an initial guess ensuring convergence and the degree of computational efficiency obtainable via the approximate Newton method's freezing of the Jacobian matrices, attention is given to the need for auxiliary methods assessing the temporal stability of steady-state solutions. It is demonstrated that nonunique solutions of the finite-difference equations are obtainable by Newton's method in conjunction with a continuation method.
Bailey, Harry E.↗
Dynamical approach study of spurious steady-state numerical solutions of nonlinear differential equations. I - The dynamics of time discretization and its implications for algorithm development in computational fluid dynamics
Spurious stable as well as unstable steady state numerical solutions, spurious asymptotic numerical solutions of higher period, and even stable chaotic behavior can occur when finite difference methods are used to solve nonlinear differential equations (DE) numerically. The occurrence of spurious asymptotes is independent of whether the DE possesses a unique steady state or has additional periodic solutions and/or exhibits chaotic phenomena. The form of the nonlinear DEs and the type of numerical schemes are the determining factor. In addition, the occurrence of spurious steady states is not restricted to the time steps that are beyond the linearized stability limit of the scheme. In many instances, it can occur below the linearized stability limit. Therefore, it is essential for practitioners in computational sciences to be knowledgeable about the dynamical behavior of finite difference methods for nonlinear scalar DEs before the actual application of these methods to practical computations. It is also important to change the traditional way of thinking and practices when dealing with genuinely nonlinear problems. In the past, spurious asymptotes were observed in numerical computations but tended to be ignored because they all were assumed to lie beyond the linearized stability limits of the time step parameter delta t. As can be seen from the study, bifurcations to and from spurious asymptotic solutions and transitions to computational instability not only are highly scheme dependent and problem dependent, but also initial data and boundary condition dependent, and not limited to time steps that are beyond the linearized stability limit.
Yee, H. C.↗
New models for fast steady state magnetic reconnection
A new unified family of models for incompressible, steady-state magnetic reconnection in a finite region is presented. The models are obtained by expanding in powers of the Alfven Mach number and may be used to elucidate some of the puzzling properties of numerical experiments on reconnection which are not present in the classical models. The conditions imposed on the inflow boundary of the finite region determine which member of the family occurs. Petscheklien and Sonnerup like solutions are particular members. The Sonneruplike regime is a special case of a weak slow mode expansion in the inflow region, and it separates two classes of members with reversed currents. The Petscheklike regime is a singular case of a weak fast mode expansion, and it separates the hybrid regime from a regime of slow mode compressions. Care should be taken in deciding which type of reconnection is operating in a numerical experiment. Indeed, no experiment to date has used boundary conditions appropriate for demonstrating steady state Petschek reconnection.
Priest, E. R.↗
Hierarchical Network Partitioning for Solution of Potential-Driven, Steady-State Nonlinear Network Flow Equations
The solution of potential-driven steady-state flow in large networks is a task which manifests in various engineering applications, such as transport of natural gas or water through pipeline networks. The resultant system of nonlinear equations depends on the network topology, and in general, there is no numerical algorithm that offers guaranteed convergence to the solution (assuming a solution exists). Some methods offer guarantees in cases where the network topology satisfies certain assumptions, but these methods fail for larger networks. On the other hand, the Newton-Raphson algorithm offers a convergence guarantee if the starting point lies close to the (unknown) solution. It would be advantageous to compute the solution of the large nonlinear system through the solution of smaller nonlinear sub-systems wherein the solution algorithms (Newton-Raphson or otherwise) are more likely to succeed. Here, this letter proposes and describes such a procedure, a hierarchical network partitioning algorithm that enables the solution of large nonlinear systems corresponding to potential-driven steady-state network flow equations.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Steady state spurious errors in shock-capturing numerical schemes
The behavior of the steady state spurious error modes of the MacCormack scheme and the upwind scheme of Warming and Beam was obtained from a linearized difference equation for the steady state error. It was shown that the spurious errors can exist either as an eigensolution of the homogeneous part of this difference equation or because of excitation from large discretization errors near oblique shocks. It was found that the upwind scheme does not permit spurious oscillations on the upstream side of shocks. Examples are given for the inviscid Burgers' equation and for one and two dimensional gasdynamic flows.
Karlsen, L. K.↗
An exact solution for the steady state phase distribution in an array of oscillators coupled on a hexagonal lattice
When electronic oscillators are coupled to nearest neighbors to form an array on a hexagonal lattice, the planar phase distributions desired for excitation of a phased array antenna are not steady state solutions of the governing non-linear equations describing the system. Thus the steady state phase distribution deviates from planar. It is shown to be possible to obtain an exact solution for the steady state phase distribution and thus determine the deviation from the desired planar distribution as a function of beam steering angle.
injection locking↗
The spectrum of steady state turbulent convection.
Based on Heisenberg's statistical theory of turbulence, a model for steady state turbulent convection is herein proposed, and on the basis of this model, equations for the energy spectrum for steady state turbulent convection are derived. The spectrum is obtained from the solution of a nonlinear integral equation. After the integral equation is brought into a universally valid nondimensional form, it is transformed into a nonlinear first order differential equation to be solved numerically, with the Rayleigh number appearing as the only parameter. The energy spectrum has a substantial deviation from the Kolmogoroff law, as a result of the buoyancy force acting on the rising and falling eddies. The presented theory may be applicable to convection in planetary and stellar atmospheres wherein the radiative heat transport is small.
Winterberg, F.↗
Descriptive Linear modeling of steady-state visual evoked response
A study is being conducted to explore use of the steady state visual-evoke electrocortical response as an indicator of cognitive task loading. Application of linear descriptive modeling to steady state Visual Evoked Response (VER) data is summarized. Two aspects of linear modeling are reviewed: (1) unwrapping the phase-shift portion of the frequency response, and (2) parsimonious characterization of task-loading effects in terms of changes in model parameters. Model-based phase unwrapping appears to be most reliable in applications, such as manual control, where theoretical models are available. Linear descriptive modeling of the VER has not yet been shown to provide consistent and readily interpretable results.
Levison, W. H.↗
Alfvén mode spectrum in the advanced steady-state tokamak scenario with negative triangularity
In the earlier studies [Zheng et al. Fundam. Plasma Phys. 10, 100051 (2024)], the negative triangularity tokamak was shown to have a unique and outstanding feature for the steady-state confinement. In addition to relieving the divertor heat load concern, it can reach a much higher beta limit in the nearly steady-state confinement, about twice the Troyon limit in the positive triangularity case. In this work, we extend the investigation to the Alfvén spectrum and toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs). This helps to evaluate the property of energetic particle confinement in this advanced scenario of a negative triangularity tokamak. We found that, because of the large safety factor and reversed magnetic shear in the core plasma region near the magnetic axis, the TAE gap tends to be closed or have only a short radial extension between the continua. in the on-axis core region and open primarily in the off-axis region, where TAEs are shown to be present. This indicates that energetic particle confinement in the core region near the magnetic axis, where nuclear fusion reactions prevail, is not seriously affected by the excitation of TAEs in this scenario. The configuration with off-axis TAEs helps the confinement of energetic particles as compared to the configuration with near-axis TAEs. The results show that the advanced steady-state tokamak scenario with negative triangularity, because of the rapid variation of the safety factor, also has a favorable feature for energetic particle confinement.
Fourier analysis↗
Steady-state solutions of a diffusive energy-balance climate model and their stability
A diffusive energy-balance climate model, governed by a nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation, was studied. Three positive steady-state solutions of this equation are found; they correspond to three possible climates of our planet: an interglacial (nearly identical to the present climate), a glacial, and a completely ice-covered earth. Models similar to the main one are considered, and the number of their steady states was determined. All the models have albedo continuously varying with latitude and temperature, and entirely diffusive horizontal heat transfer. The stability under small perturbations of the main model's climates was investigated. A stability criterion is derived, and its application shows that the present climate and the deep freeze are stable, whereas the model's glacial is unstable. The dependence was examined of the number of steady states and of their stability on the average solar radiation.
Ghil, M.↗
Steady state, exposure age, and growth of agglutinates in lunar soils
Mineralogical evolution of lunar soils as a function of agglutinate content can be described with the help of a two-component model. Steady-state condition of exposed lunar soils can be achieved only by the balance of comminution, agglutination, and replenishment processes. Rate of replenishment depends on the meteoroid flux and the nature of the substrate which varies both in space and time. Rates of agglutination and comminution depend not only on the micrometeoritic flux but also on the chemical and modal composition of an exposed soil. It is concluded from modeling the above that steady-state condition of lunar soils is independent of its maturity or exposure age. Agglutinate content of a lunar soil can be used to estimate the relative exposure age of the soil only if the soil is in a non-steady-state condition.
Basu, A.↗
Steady state decoupling and design of linear multivariable systems
A constructive criterion for decoupling the steady states of linear multivariable systems is developed. The criterion consists of n(n-1) inequalities with the type numbers of the compensator transfer functions as the unknowns. These unknowns can be chosen to satisfy the inequalities and hence achieve a steady state decoupling scheme. It turns out that pure integrators in the loops play an important role. An extended root locus design method is then developed to take care of the stability and transient response. The overall procedure is applied to the compensation design for STOL C-8A aircraft in the approach mode.
Huang, J. Y.↗
Steady-state and transitional aerodynamic characteristics of a wing in simulated heavy rain
The steady-state and transient effects of simulated heavy rain on the subsonic aerodynamic characteristics of a wing model were determined in the Langley 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel. The 1.29 foot chord wing was comprised of a NACA 23015 airfoil and had an aspect ratio of 6.10. Data were obtained while test variables of liquid water content, angle of attack, and trailing edge flap angle were parametrically varied at dynamic pressures of 10, 30, and 50 psf (i.e., Reynolds numbers of .76x10(6), 1.31x10(6), and 1.69x10(6)). The experimental results showed reductions in lift and increases in drag when in the simulated rain environment. Accompanying this was a reduction of the stall angle of attack by approximately 4 deg. The transient aerodynamic performance during transition from dry to wet steady-state conditions varied between a linear and a nonlinear transition.
Campbell, Bryan A.↗