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DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SrCoBiRuO6 by Materials Project

SrRuCoBiO6 is Orthorhombic Perovskite-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic Pc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sr2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.81 Å. Ru5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form RuO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–32°. There are a spread of Ru–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.01 Å. Co2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent RuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–32°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.14 Å. Bi3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.92 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, one Ru5+, one Co2+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, one Ru5+, one Co2+, and two equivalent Bi3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, one Ru5+, one Co2+, and two equivalent Bi3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sr2+, one Ru5+, one Co2+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sr2+, one Ru5+, one Co2+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, one Ru5+, one Co2+, and one Bi3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption studies of CO adsorption on Ni/CeO 2 (111) thin films: The role of the ceria support

Ceria-supported Ni has shown unique catalytic activity due to unique properties of small Ni particles and strong metal-support interaction. Identification of adsorption sites and understanding the chemical interaction over Ni-ceria at the fundamental level provide crucial insights into the reaction pathways of complex catalytic processes. In this study, to probe the surface sites, the adsorption of CO was carried out with model Ni/ceria systems consisting of Ni nanoparticles vapor-deposited on well-ordered CeO x (111) (1.5 < x < 2) thin films using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. Fully oxidized CeO 2 (111) (Ce 4+ ) and partially reduced CeO 1.75 (111) (Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ ) thin films were grown on Ru(0001) to examine the role of the ceria support. Additionally, Ni with low coverages (e.g., 0.2 ML) grows forming small two-dimensional particles on ceria at 300 K, which develop into three-dimensional clusters after heating to 700 K. In the absence of Ni, CO adsorption at 1 mTorr at 100 K shows distinct IR bands at 2158 cm -1 on CeO 2 and 2165 cm -1 on CeO 1.75 . Bridging and atop IR bands associated with CO adsorption over metallic Ni were observed on the Ni-CeO 1.75 surface at 300 K under UHV conditions. CO adsorption over Ni 0 was also observed over as-deposited Ni on CeO 2 . However, a new IR band at 2146 cm -1 due to CO adsorption over Ni 2+ species was detected at 100 K over the annealed Ni particles on CeO 2 . CO IRRAS data suggest the oxidation of Ni to Ni 2+ on CeO 2 and the formation of predominant Ni 2+ species with heating, which is further confirmed with CO TPD data and previous x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Fermi-Based Kinetic Model for the Sabatier Reaction: Sabatier Principle and Beyond It

The CO 2 methanation reaction (aka the Sabatier reaction) is one of the important carbon utilization technologies to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gases. In this study, kinetic modeling of the Sabatier reaction proceeding via the CO route has been presented by considering weak and strong chemisorption concepts rooted in electronic theory. Based on the single-route mechanism of the Sabatier reaction, the dependence of the reaction rate on the position of the catalyst Fermi level with respect to the antibonding states of the reagent (CO 2 ) and the product (CH 4 ), is demonstrated with the classic Sabatier volcano-shape. Furthermore, the model was applied to explain experimental results of reaction rates for Ni- and Ru-based catalytic systems and to understand origin of enhancement of turnover frequencies established for dynamic catalysis.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on La3(B3Ru4)2 by Materials Project

La3Ru8B6 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fmmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent La sites. In the first La site, La is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two La, twelve Ru, and six equivalent B atoms. Both La–La bond lengths are 3.21 Å. There are four shorter (3.19 Å) and eight longer (3.21 Å) La–Ru bond lengths. There are four shorter (3.25 Å) and two longer (3.26 Å) La–B bond lengths. In the second La site, La is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to one La, ten Ru, and eight equivalent B atoms. There are a spread of La–Ru bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.30 Å. There are a spread of La–B bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.31 Å. In the third La site, La is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to one La, ten Ru, and eight equivalent B atoms. There are a spread of La–Ru bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.30 Å. There are a spread of La–B bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.31 Å. There are three inequivalent Ru sites. In the first Ru site, Ru is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four La and four B atoms. There are two shorter (2.21 Å) and two longer (2.22 Å) Ru–B bond lengths. In the second Ru site, Ru is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four La and four B atoms. There are two shorter (2.19 Å) and two longer (2.26 Å) Ru–B bond lengths. In the third Ru site, Ru is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La and four equivalent B atoms. All Ru–B bond lengths are 2.15 Å. There are three inequivalent B sites. In the first B site, B is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three equivalent La and six Ru atoms. In the second B site, B is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three equivalent La and six Ru atoms. There are two shorter (3.25 Å) and one longer (3.26 Å) B–La bond lengths. There are four shorter (2.21 Å) and two longer (2.26 Å) B–Ru bond lengths. In the third B site, B is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La and five Ru atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Photocatalytic Aqueous CO 2 Reduction to CO and CH 4 Sensitized by Ullazine Supramolecular Polymers

There has been rapid progress on the chemistry of supramolecular scaffolds that harness sunlight for aqueous photocatalytic production of hydrogen. However, great efforts are still needed to develop similar photosynthetic systems for the great challenge of CO 2 reduction especially if they avoid the use of nonabundant metals. This work investigates the synthesis of supramolecular polymers capable of sensitizing catalysts that require more negative potentials than proton reduction. The monomers are chromophore amphiphiles based on a diareno-fused ullazine core that undergo supramolecular polymerization in water to create entangled nanoscale fibers. Under 450 nm visible light these fibers sensitize a dinuclear cobalt catalyst for CO 2 photoreduction to generate carbon monoxide and methane using a sacrificial electron donor. The supramolecular photocatalytic system can generate amounts of CH 4 comparable to those obtained with a precious metal-based [Ru(phen) 3 ](PF 6 ) 2 sensitizer and, in contrast to Ru-based catalysts, retains photocatalytic activity in all aqueous media over 6 days. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates the potential of tailored supramolecular polymers as renewable energy and sustainability materials.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CaMnCu3(RuO4)3 by Materials Project

CaMnCu3(RuO4)3 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ca2+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form CaO12 cuboctahedra that share faces with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra and faces with six equivalent RuO6 octahedra. There are six shorter (2.64 Å) and six longer (2.65 Å) Ca–O bond lengths. Mn2+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent RuO6 octahedra and faces with two equivalent CaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 43°. All Mn–O bond lengths are 2.09 Å. Ru5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form RuO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent RuO6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent CaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 43°. There is two shorter (1.95 Å) and four longer (2.02 Å) Ru–O bond length. Cu+1.67+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.92 Å) and two longer (1.93 Å) Cu–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Mn2+, one Ru5+, and one Cu+1.67+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two equivalent Ru5+, and one Cu+1.67+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CaMn3Cu3RuO12 by Materials Project

CaMn3RuCu3O12 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ca2+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form CaO12 cuboctahedra that share faces with two equivalent RuO6 octahedra and faces with six equivalent MnO6 octahedra. There are six shorter (2.60 Å) and six longer (2.63 Å) Ca–O bond lengths. Mn+3.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent RuO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent CaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 43°. There is two shorter (1.97 Å) and four longer (2.02 Å) Mn–O bond length. Ru5+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form RuO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent MnO6 octahedra and faces with two equivalent CaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 43°. All Ru–O bond lengths are 1.97 Å. Cu2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.91 Å) and two longer (1.92 Å) Cu–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Mn+3.67+, one Ru5+, and one Cu2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two equivalent Mn+3.67+, and one Cu2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H2Ru4(CO)13 by Materials Project

RuRu3H2(CO)9(CO)4 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of sixteen formaldehyde molecules, four ruthenium molecules, and four Ru3H2(CO)9 clusters. In two of the Ru3H2(CO)9 clusters, there are three inequivalent Ru3+ sites. In the first Ru3+ site, Ru3+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three C+0.92+ and two H1+ atoms. There is two shorter (1.91 Å) and one longer (1.93 Å) Ru–C bond length. There is one shorter (1.77 Å) and one longer (1.78 Å) Ru–H bond length. In the second Ru3+ site, Ru3+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three C+0.92+ and one H1+ atom. There is two shorter (1.90 Å) and one longer (1.91 Å) Ru–C bond length. The Ru–H bond length is 1.80 Å. In the third Ru3+ site, Ru3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three C+0.92+ and one H1+ atom. There is one shorter (1.90 Å) and two longer (1.92 Å) Ru–C bond length. The Ru–H bond length is 1.80 Å. There are nine inequivalent C+0.92+ sites. In the first C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fifth C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the sixth C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the seventh C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the eighth C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the ninth C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are two inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Ru3+ atoms. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Ru3+ atoms. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In two of the Ru3H2(CO)9 clusters, there are three inequivalent Ru3+ sites. In the first Ru3+ site, Ru3+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three C+0.92+ and two H1+ atoms. There are a spread of Ru–C bond distances ranging from 1.90–1.93 Å. There is one shorter (1.75 Å) and one longer (1.77 Å) Ru–H bond length. In the second Ru3+ site, Ru3+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three C+0.92+ and one H1+ atom. There are a spread of Ru–C bond distances ranging from 1.89–1.91 Å. The Ru–H bond length is 1.78 Å. In the third Ru3+ site, Ru3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three C+0.92+ and one H1+ atom. There is two shorter (1.91 Å) and one longer (1.93 Å) Ru–C bond length. The Ru–H bond length is 1.77 Å. There are nine inequivalent C+0.92+ sites. In the first C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fifth C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the sixth C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the seventh C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the eighth C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.15 Å. In the ninth C+0.92+ site, C+0.92+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ru3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are two inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Ru3+ atoms. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Ru3+ atoms. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.92+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NaCu3(RuO3)4 by Materials Project

NaCu3Ru4O12 crystallizes in the cubic Im-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded to twelve equivalent O2- atoms to form NaO12 cuboctahedra that share faces with eight equivalent RuO6 octahedra. All Na–O bond lengths are 2.66 Å. Ru5+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form RuO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent RuO6 octahedra and faces with two equivalent NaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 42°. All Ru–O bond lengths are 2.00 Å. Cu1+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Cu–O bond lengths are 1.92 Å. O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, two equivalent Ru5+, and one Cu1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SrCu3(RuO3)4 by Materials Project

SrCu3(RuO3)4 crystallizes in the cubic Im-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sr2+ is bonded to twelve equivalent O2- atoms to form SrO12 cuboctahedra that share faces with eight equivalent RuO6 octahedra. All Sr–O bond lengths are 2.68 Å. Ru+4.75+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form RuO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent RuO6 octahedra and faces with two equivalent SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 42°. All Ru–O bond lengths are 2.02 Å. Cu1+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Cu–O bond lengths are 1.94 Å. O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, two equivalent Ru+4.75+, and one Cu1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sr6La4Mg2Ru3O20 by Materials Project

Sr6Mg2La4Ru3O20 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Sr2+ sites. In the first Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted SrO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent RuO6 octahedra and corners with three equivalent SrO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 58–64°. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.51 Å. In the second Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.88 Å. In the third Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.79 Å. Mg2+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing MgO5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.42 Å. There are two inequivalent La3+ sites. In the first La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.60 Å. In the second La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.50 Å. There are two inequivalent Ru4+ sites. In the first Ru4+ site, Ru4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form RuO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent RuO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent SrO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 3°. There are a spread of Ru–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.08 Å. In the second Ru4+ site, Ru4+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.92 Å) and two longer (1.98 Å) Ru–O bond length. There are eleven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Sr2+, one La3+, and one Ru4+ atom to form OSr2LaRu tetrahedra that share corners with six OSr2LaRu tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent OSrLa2Mg trigonal pyramids, and edges with three OSrLa2Ru tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Sr2+, two equivalent La3+, and one Ru4+ atom to form distorted OSrLa2Ru tetrahedra that share corners with six OSr2LaRu tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent OSrLa2Mg trigonal pyramids, edges with three OSr3Ru tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one OSrLa2Mg trigonal pyramid. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Mg2+ and four equivalent La3+ atoms to form OLa4Mg2 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent OSrLa2Mg trigonal pyramids and edges with two equivalent OLa4Mg2 octahedra. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Sr2+ and one Ru4+ atom to form distorted OSr3Ru tetrahedra that share corners with six OSr2LaRu tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one OSrLa2Ru tetrahedra. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Sr2+ and one Ru4+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Sr2+, one La3+, and one Ru4+ atom to form OSr2LaRu tetrahedra that share corners with six OSrLa2Ru tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one OSr2LaRu tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent OSrLa2Mg trigonal pyramids. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, one Mg2+, and two equivalent La3+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Sr2+, one Mg2+, and two equivalent La3+ atoms to form distorted OSrLa2Mg trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one OLa4Mg2 octahedra, corners with four OSr2LaRu tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent OSrLa2Mg trigonal pyramids, and edges with three OSrLa2Ru tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 4°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Ru4+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to two equivalent Sr2+ and two equivalent Ru4+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, two equivalent Mg2+, and one La3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

CO 2 Hydrogenation: Na Doping Promotes CO and Hydrocarbon Formation over Ru/m-ZrO 2 at Elevated Pressures in Gas Phase Media

Sodium-promoted monoclinic zirconia supported ruthenium catalysts were tested for CO 2 hydrogenation at 20 bar and a H 2 :CO 2 ratio of 3:1. Although increasing sodium promotion, from 2.5% to 5% by weight, slightly decreased CO 2 conversion (14% to 10%), it doubled the selectivity to both CO (~36% to ~71%) and chain growth products (~4% to ~8%) remarkably and reduced the methane selectivity by two-thirds (~60% to ~21%). For CO 2 hydrogenation during in situ DRIFTS under atmospheric pressure, it was revealed that Na increases the catalyst basicity and suppresses the reactivity of Ru sites. Higher basicity facilitates CO 2 adsorption, weakens the C–H bond of the formate intermediate promoting CO formation, and inhibits methanation occurring on ruthenium nanoparticle surfaces. The suppression of excessive hydrogenation increases the chain growth probability. Decelerated reduction during H 2 -TPR/TPR-MS and H 2 -TPR-EXAFS/XANES at the K-edge of ruthenium indicates that sodium is in contact with ruthenium. A comparison of the XANES spectra of unpromoted and Na-promoted catalysts after H 2 reduction showed no evidence of a promoting effect involving electron charge transfer.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3Co2RuO6 by Materials Project

Li3Co2RuO6 is alpha Po-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent RuO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent RuO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–4°. There are four shorter (2.11 Å) and two longer (2.26 Å) Li–O bond lengths. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent RuO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent RuO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–8°. There are four shorter (2.15 Å) and two longer (2.20 Å) Li–O bond lengths. Ru5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form RuO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–3°. There are two shorter (2.00 Å) and four longer (2.02 Å) Ru–O bond lengths. Co2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent RuO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent CoO6 octahedra, and edges with six LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–8°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.12 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Ru5+, and two equivalent Co2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Co2Ru octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one Ru5+, and two equivalent Co2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Co2Ru octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Te2Ru4(CO)11 by Materials Project

(Ru2Te(CO)2)2(CO)7 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pccn space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of twenty-eight formaldehyde molecules and four Ru2Te(CO)2 clusters. In each Ru2Te(CO)2 cluster, there are two inequivalent Ru+3.50+ sites. In the first Ru+3.50+ site, Ru+3.50+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Te2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.74 Å) and one longer (2.76 Å) Ru–Te bond lengths. In the second Ru+3.50+ site, Ru+3.50+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Te2- atoms. Both Ru–Te bond lengths are 2.80 Å. There are two inequivalent C+1.09+ sites. In the first C+1.09+ site, C+1.09+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+1.09+ site, C+1.09+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.17 Å. Te2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Ru+3.50+ and two O2- atoms. There are one shorter (3.54 Å) and one longer (3.81 Å) Te–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.09+ and one Te2- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.09+ and one Te2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Growth, sintering, and chemical states of Co supported on reducible CeO 2 (111) thin films: The effects of the metal coverage and the nature of the support

The growth, sintering, and interaction of cobalt with ceria were studied under ultrahigh vacuum conditions by vapor-deposition of Co onto well-defined CeOx(111) (1.5 < x < 2) thin films grown on Ru(0001). Charge transfer from Co to ceria occurs upon deposition of Co on CeO 1.96 and partially reduced CeO 1.83 at 300 K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies show that Co is oxidized to Co 2+ species at the cost of the reduction of Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ , at a lesser extent on reduced ceria. Co 2+ is the predominant species on CeO 1.96 at low Co coverages (e.g., ≤0.20 ML). The ratio of metallic Co/Co 2+ increases with the increase in the Co coverage. However, both metallic Co and Co 2+ species are present on CeO 1.83 even at low Co coverages with metallic Co as the major species. Scanning tunneling microscopy results demonstrate that Co tends to wet the CeO 1.96 surface at very low Co coverages at room temperature forming one-atomic layer high structures of Co–O–Ce. The increase in the Co coverage can cause the particle growth into three-dimensional structures. The formation of slightly flatter Co particles was observed on reduced CeO 1.83 . In comparison with other transition metals including Ni, Rh, Pt, and Au, our studies demonstrate that Co on ceria exhibits a smaller particle size and higher thermal stability, likely arising from strong metal–support interactions. The formed particles upon Co deposition at 300 K are present on the ceria surface after heating to 1000 K. The Co–ceria interface can be tuned by varying the Co metal coverage, the annealing temperature, and the nature of the ceria surface.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CaGa2Cu3(RuO6)2 by Materials Project

CaCu3Ga2(RuO6)2 crystallizes in the cubic Pn-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ca2+ is bonded to twelve equivalent O2- atoms to form CaO12 cuboctahedra that share faces with four equivalent RuO6 octahedra and faces with four equivalent GaO6 octahedra. All Ca–O bond lengths are 2.64 Å. Ru5+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form RuO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent GaO6 octahedra and faces with two equivalent CaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 42°. All Ru–O bond lengths are 1.99 Å. Cu2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Cu–O bond lengths are 1.94 Å. Ga3+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form GaO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent RuO6 octahedra and faces with two equivalent CaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 42°. All Ga–O bond lengths are 2.01 Å. O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ru5+, one Cu2+, and one Ga3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SrPrCoRuO6 by Materials Project

SrPrRuCoO6 is Orthorhombic Perovskite-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic Pc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sr2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.49–2.78 Å. Pr3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.80 Å. Ru5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form RuO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–29°. There are a spread of Ru–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.00 Å. Co2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent RuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–29°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.10 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, one Pr3+, one Ru5+, and one Co2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, one Pr3+, one Ru5+, and one Co2+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sr2+, one Pr3+, one Ru5+, and one Co2+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, two equivalent Pr3+, one Ru5+, and one Co2+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sr2+, one Pr3+, one Ru5+, and one Co2+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, two equivalent Pr3+, one Ru5+, and one Co2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗