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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2014

Complete Decoding and Reporting of Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METARs)

Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) provides surface weather information at and around observation stations, including airport terminals. These weather observations are used by pilots for flight planning and by air traffic service providers for managing departure and arrival flights. The METARs are also an important source of weather data for Air Traffic Management (ATM) analysts and researchers at NASA and elsewhere. These researchers use METAR to correlate severe weather events with local or national air traffic actions that restrict air traffic, as one example. A METAR is made up of multiple groups of coded text, each with a specific standard coding format. These groups of coded text are located in two sections of a report: Body and Remarks. The coded text groups in a U.S. METAR are intended to follow the coding standards set by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). However, manual data entry and edits made by a human report observer may result in coded text elements that do not follow the standards, especially in the Remarks section. And contrary to the standards, some significant weather observations are noted only in the Remarks section and not in the Body section of the reports. While human readers can infer the intended meaning of non-standard coding of weather conditions, doing so with a computer program is far more challenging. However such programmatic pre-processing is necessary to enable efficient and faster database query when researchers need to perform any significant historical weather analysis. Therefore, to support such analysis, a computer algorithm was developed to identify groups of coded text anywhere in a report and to perform subsequent decoding in software. The algorithm considers common deviations from the standards and data entry mistakes made by observers. The implemented software code was tested to decode 12 million reports and the decoding process was able to completely interpret 99.93 of the reports. This document presents the deviations from the standards and the decoding algorithm. Storing all decoded data in a database allows users to quickly query a large amount of data and to perform data mining on the data. Users can specify complex query criteria not only on date or airport but also on weather condition. This document also describes the design of a database schema for storing the decoded data, and a Data Warehouse web application that allows users to perform reporting and analysis on the decoded data. Finally, this document presents a case study correlating dust storms reported in METARs from the Phoenix International airport with Ground Stops issued by Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ATCSCC). Blowing widespread dust is one of the weather conditions when dust storm occurs. By querying the database, 294 METARs were found to report blowing widespread dust at the Phoenix airport and 41 of them reported such condition only in the Remarks section of the reports. When METAR is a data source for an ATM research, it is important to include weather conditions not only from the Body section but also from the Remarks section of METARs.

METAR Decoder/Parser↗
DOE OSTI2017

Feasibility of Patient Reporting of Symptomatic Adverse Events via the Patient-Reported Outcomes Version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) in a Chemoradiotherapy Cooperative Group Multicenter Clinical Trial

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of measuring symptomatic adverse events (AEs) in a multicenter clinical trial using the National Cancer Institute's Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE). Methods and Materials: Patients enrolled in NRG Oncology's RTOG 1012 (Prophylactic Manuka Honey for Reduction of Chemoradiation Induced Esophagitis-Related Pain during Treatment of Lung Cancer) were asked to self-report 53 PRO-CTCAE items representing 30 symptomatic AEs at 6 time points (baseline; weekly ×4 during treatment; 12 weeks after treatment). Reporting was conducted via wireless tablet computers in clinic waiting areas. Compliance was defined as the proportion of visits when an expected PRO-CTCAE assessment was completed. Results: Among 226 study sites participating in RTOG 1012, 100% completed 35-minute PRO-CTCAE training for clinical research associates (CRAs); 80 sites enrolled patients, of which 34 (43%) required tablet computers to be provided. All 152 patients in RTOG 1012 agreed to self-report using the PRO-CTCAE (median age 66 years; 47% female; 84% white). Median time for CRAs to learn the system was 60 minutes (range, 30-240 minutes), and median time for CRAs to teach a patient to self-report was 10 minutes (range, 2-60 minutes). Compliance was high, particularly during active treatment, when patients self-reported at 86% of expected time points, although compliance was lower after treatment (72%). Common reasons for noncompliance were institutional errors, such as forgetting to provide computers to participants; patients missing clinic visits; Internet connectivity; and patients feeling “too sick.” Conclusions: Most patients enrolled in a multicenter chemoradiotherapy trial were willing and able to self-report symptomatic AEs at visits using tablet computers. Minimal effort was required by local site staff to support this system. The observed causes of missing data may be obviated by allowing patients to self-report electronically between visits, and by using central compliance monitoring. These approaches are being incorporated into ongoing studies.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
NASA NTRS1994

Pre-Departure Clearance (PDC): An Analysis of Aviation Safety Reporting System Reports Concerning PDC Related Errors

Airlines operating in the United States are required to operate under instrument flight rules (EFR). Typically, a clearance is issued via voice transmission from clearance delivery at the departing airport. In 1990, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) began deployment of the Pre-Departure Clearance (PDC) system at 30 U.S. airports. The PDC system utilizes aeronautical datalink and Aircraft Communication and Reporting System (ACARS) to transmit departure clearances directly to the pilot. An objective of the PDC system is to provide an immediate reduction in voice congestion over the clearance delivery frequency. Participating airports report that this objective has been met. However, preliminary analysis of 42 Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) reports has revealed problems in PDC procedures and formatting which have caused errors in the proper execution of the clearance. It must be acknowledged that this technology, along with other advancements on the flightdeck, is adding more responsibility to the crew and increasing the opportunity for error. The present study uses these findings as a basis for further coding and analysis of an additional 82 reports obtained from an ASRS database search. These reports indicate that clearances are often amended or exceptions are added in order to accommodate local ATC facilities. However, the onboard ACARS is limited in its ability to emphasize or highlight these changes which has resulted in altitude and heading deviations along with increases in ATC workload. Furthermore, few participating airports require any type of PDC receipt confirmation. In fact, 35% of all ASRS reports dealing with PDC's include failure to acquire the PDC at all. Consequently, this study examines pilots' suggestions contained in ASRS reports in order to develop recommendations to airlines and ATC facilities to help reduce the amount of incidents that occur.

Montalyo, Michael L.↗
NASA NTRS2024

Synthesis Report of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)

This Synthesis Report (SYR) of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) summarises the state of knowledge of climate change, its widespread impacts and risks, and climate change mitigation and adaptation, based on the peer-reviewed scientific, technical and socio-economic literature since the publication of the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) in 2014. he assessment is undertaken within the context of the evolving international landscape, in particular, developments in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process, including the outcomes of the Kyoto Protocol and the adoption of the Paris Agreement. It reflects the increasing diversity of those involved in climate action. This report integrates the main findings of the AR6 Working Group reports and the three AR6 Special Reports. It recognizes the interdependence of climate, ecosystems and biodiversity, and human societies; the value of diverse forms of knowledge; and the close linkages between climate change adaptation, mitigation, ecosystem health, human well-being and sustainable development. Building on multiple analytical frameworks, including those from the physical and social sciences, this report identifies opportunities for transformative action which are effective, feasible, just and equitable using concepts of systems transitions and resilient development pathways. Different regional classification schemes4 are used for physical, social and economic aspects, reflecting the underlying literature.

climate impacts↗
DOE OSTI2018

Comparisons and challenges of modern neutrino scattering experiments (TENSIONS2016 report)

Over the last decade, there has been enormous effort to measure neutrino interaction cross sections important to oscillation experiments. However, a number of results from modern experiments appear to be in tension with each other, despite purporting to measure the same processes. The TENSIONS2016 workshop was held at University of Pittsburgh July 24–31, 2016 and was sponsored by the Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astronomy, and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC). The focus was on bringing experts from three experimental collaborations together to compare results in detail and try to find the source of tension by clarifying and comparing signal definitions and the analysis strategies used for each measurement. A set of comparisons between the measurements using a

Betancourt, M.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Controls Optimization Final Report, Controls Algorithms Report, Control Optimization - SPA II: Heaving Buoy Test Results [Three reports]

The over-arching project objective is to fully develop and validate optimal controls frameworks that can subsequently be applied widely to different WEC devices and concepts. Optimal controls of WEC devices represent a fundamental building block for WEC designers that must be considered as an integral part of every stage of device development. Using a building-blocks approach to optimal controls development, this effort will result in the full development of a feed-forward and feed-back control approach and a wave prediction system. Phase I focused primarily on numerical offline optimization and validation using wave tank testing of three industry partners’ WEC devices, including; CalWave, Ocean Energy, and Resolute Marine Energy. These industry partnerships allowed us to identify optimal control strategies for these different WEC topologies at different maturity levels. Phase II focused on demonstrating an integrated control system on an at-sea prototype that is to be custom-built and maturing the HW and SW required to successfully run our advanced controls code frameworks on at-sea systems. A secondary focus during phase II is to adapt our systems identification, controls and wave-prediction frameworks to become more robust and comprehensive in respect to RT capability, robustness, and reliability.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
NASA NTRS1976

Studies of aircraft differential maneuvering. Report 75-27: Calculating of differential-turning barrier surfaces. Report 75-26: A user's guide to the aircraft energy-turn and tandem-motion computer programs. Report 75-7: A user's guide to the aircraft energy-turn hodograph program

The numerical analysis of composite differential-turn trajectory pairs was studied for 'fast-evader' and 'neutral-evader' attitude dynamics idealization for attack aircraft. Transversality and generalized corner conditions are examined and the joining of trajectory segments discussed. A criterion is given for the screening of 'tandem-motion' trajectory segments. Main focus is upon the computation of barrier surfaces. Fortunately, from a computational viewpoint, the trajectory pairs defining these surfaces need not be calculated completely, the final subarc of multiple-subarc pairs not being required. Some calculations for pairs of example aircraft are presented. A computer program used to perform the calculations is included.

Kelley, H. J.↗
NASA NTRS1955

Thirty-Ninth Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics: Administrative Report Including Technical Reports Nos. 1111 to 1157

This is the fiftieth year since Wilbur and Orville Wright at Kitty Hawk N. C., made their powered flight. That airplane was a fragile and unsteady machine of no immediate utility. It flew for only a minute but it disclosed the solution of the age-old problem of human flight. The Wrights were the first in the history of man to fly. There was no one to teach them. They had to discover principles and to learn the art by cautious and methodical experimenting. From their own research they obtained the practical information needed to design their successful flying machine. The Wrights received no effective aid from the theoretical studies of flight made by the mathematicians of the nineteenth century. The science of aerodynamics was developed in response to the practical demands of aeronautics in the years to follow. In 1908, the Wrights demonstrated at Fort Myer, Va., a vastly improved flyer, the first military airplane. It carried a passenger and flew for more than an hour. Following this public demonstration, the development of the airplane was taken up vigorously. At first France and Germany took the lead, then Great Britain, but the United States lagged behind in the furthering of this greatest American development of the century. With war clouds in view in 1915, the Congress established the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics to undertake the scientific study of the problems of fight with a view to their practical solution. President Wilson appointed the members of the first Committee, consisting of the heads of the military and civil agencies of the Government concerned with aeronautics and experts from private life.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2024

SBIR Phase I Final Technical Report FAST AND DENSE OXIDE GLASS FOR HEP Award Number DE-SC0024589 Program Manager Dr. Helmut Marsiske Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, SC-1 For the Period July 10, 2023 – April 9, 2024 Report Date April 26th, 2024. Submitted by Lakshmi Soundara Pandian, Ph.D., Principal Investigator Report Contributors: Dr. Lakshmi Soundara Pandian, Dr. Pijush Bhattacharya, Mr. Jared Schott, Dr. Jarek Glodo RMD Dr. Renyuan Zhu, Caltech Dr. Rastgo Hawrami, XI Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. 44 Hunt Street, Watertown, MA 02472

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Soundara Pandian, Lakshmi↗
DOE OSTI2024

Phase II Final Technical Report | Neutron Dose Tolerant Solid-State Photomultiplier for Nuclear Imaging | Award Number DE-SC0021560 | Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, SC-1 | For the Period April 4, 2022 – April 3, 2024 | Report Date July 31, 2024 | Submitted by Erik Johnson, Ph.D., Principal Investigator | Report Contributors Erik Johnson, Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., 44 Hunt Street, Watertown, MA 02472

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Johnson, Erik↗
DOE OSTI2024

DOE Phase II Final Technical Report Bright Electron Source for X-ray Free Electron Lasers Award Number DE-SC0020607 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, SC-1 For the Period May 3, 2021 – August 2, 2024 Report Date November 25, 2024 Submitted by Harish B. Bhandari, Ph.D., Principal Investigator Report Contributors Dr. Oleg Maksimov, RMD Inc. Dr. Bryan Rachmilowitz, RMD Inc. Dr. Jared Maxson, Cornell University Dr. Hisato Yamaguchi, LANL

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Bhandari, Harish↗
DOE OSTI2024

SBIR Phase I Final Technical Report MODULAR NEUTRON DETECTOR ARRAY FOR PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY BEAM LINES Award Number DE-SC0024828 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, SC-1 For the Period July 22, 2024 – April 21, 2025 Report Date November 22, 2024 Submitted by Vivek V. Nagarkar, Ph.D., Principal Investigator Report Contributors Mr. Nicholas Anastasi, Dr. Charles Sosa, Dr. Jun Wang, Dr. Lakshmi Soundara Pandian and Dr. Vivek V. Nagarkar

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Nagarkar, Vivek V.↗
DOE OSTI2025

SBIR Phase I Final Technical Report LOW-COST, LIGHTWEIGHT DOPED POLYMER COATINGS FOR MICROELECTRONICS VIA 3D PRINTING Award Number DE-SC0025167 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, SC-1 For the Period July 22, 2024 – April 21, 2025 Report Date May 5, 2025 Submitted by Jun Wang, Ph.D., Principal Investigator Report Contributors Dr. Jun Wang, Dr. Charles Sosa

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Wang, Jun [Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., Wat↗
DOE OSTI2021

Patient-Reported Outcomes in Pediatric Cancer Registration Trials: A US Food and Drug Administration Perspective

Pediatric patient-reported outcome (PRO) data can help inform the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) benefit-risk assessment of cancer therapeutics by quantifying symptom and functional outcomes from the patient’s perspective. This study assessed use of PROs in commercial pediatric oncology trials submitted to the FDA for regulatory review. FDA databases were searched to identify pediatric oncology product applications approved between 1997 and 2020. Sponsor-submitted documents were reviewed to determine whether PRO data were collected, which instruments were used, and the quality of collected data (ie, sample size, completion rates, and use of fit-for-purpose instruments). The role of PROs in each trial (endpoint hierarchy) was also recorded in addition to whether any PRO endpoints were included in product labeling. We reviewed 17 pediatric oncology applications, 4 of which included PRO data: denosumab, tisagenlecleucel, larotrectinib, and selumetinib. In these 4 instances, PROs served as exploratory endpoints and were not incorporated in product labeling. Trials that collected PRO data were phase II or phase I/II single-arm studies with sample sizes of 28 to 88 patients. Symptomatic adverse events (AEs) were characterized using clinician-reported Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) without additional patient self-report. PROs were infrequently used in pediatric cancer registration trials. When PROs were used, PRO data were limited by lack of a clear research objective and corresponding prospective statistical analysis plan. Contemporary PRO symptom libraries, such as the National Cancer Institute’s Pediatric PRO-CTCAE, may provide an opportunity to better evaluate the occurrence and impact of symptomatic AEs, from the patient’s perspective, in pediatric oncology trials.

Oncology↗
DOE OSTI2018

U.S. Department of Energy Fuels & Lubricants Project on Lubricant Technology - Innovation, Discovery, Design, and Engineering (Final Report)

In 2016, the Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) of the Department of Energy (DOE) issued a solicitation for the AOP Lab Call research in FY2017 on a number of topics related to vehicles. Topic 6A of the Lab Call focused on research related to advanced lubricants: '...(in) support of the lubricants program goal to, by 2020, demonstrate novel formulations for powertrain and driveline lubricants, compatible with new and legacy vehicles, to achieve at least a 4 percent real-world fuel economy improvement.' Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) was awarded a 3-year multilab project on 'Lubricant Technology - Innovation, Discovery, Design, and Engineering.' Research on the project began in FY2017 at the three laboratories with industry participation; however, in FY2018, the project was terminated due to budgetary constraints. The following is the final report for the project and highlights progress made during the first year of research. The report is divided into sections that highlight the following: goals, objectives, milestones and deliverables; project highlights; outreach - publications, conferences, and reports; milestones accomplished; research progress.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗