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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Tuning quantum correlations with intracavity photonic crystals

We show how to tune quantum noise in nonlinear systems by means of periodic spatial modulation. We prove that the introduction of an intracavity photonic crystal in a multimode optical parametric oscillator inhibits and enhances light quantum fluctuations. Furthermore, it leads to a significant noise reduction in field quadratures, robustness of squeezing in a wider angular range, and spatial entanglement. These results have potential benefits for quantum imaging, metrology, and quantum information applications and suggest a control mechanism of fluctuations by spatial modulation of interest also in other nonlinear systems.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2017

Quantum Correlated Multi-Fragment Reaction Imaging

This grant supported research in basic atomic, molecular and optical physics related to the interactions of atoms with particles and fields. This report will focus on the 12 year period from 2004 to 2017, although the DOE–BES has supported my research every year since 1986. All of the support from the grant was used to pay summer salaries of the PI and students and travel to conferences and meetings. The results were in the form of publications in peer reviewed journals as well as conference invited talks and colloquiums. There were 12 peer reviewed publications in these 12+ years. Innovations in few-body science at molecular and nano levels are a critical component of on- going efforts to establish sustainable environmental and energy resources. The varied research paths taken will require the development of basic science on broad fronts with increasing flexi- bility to crossover technologies. We thus worked to extract understanding and quantum control of few-body microscopic systems based on our long-time experience with more conventional studies of correlated electrons and ions. Given the enormous advances over the past 20 years to our understanding of quantum cor- relations with photon interferometry, AMO collision science generally is ready to move beyond the one-particle, single-port momentum detection that has dominated collision physics since Rutherford. Nevertheless, our familiar theoretical tools for collision theory need to be up- graded to incorporate these more generalized measurement formalisms and ultimately to give incentive for a new generation of experiments. Our interest in these topics remains motivated by the recent surge in and success of exper- iments involving few-body atomic and molecular fragmentation and the detection of all the fragments. The research described here thus involved two parallel efforts with (i) emphasis on reaction imaging while (ii) pursuing longtime work on quantum correlated collective excitations.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Strongly Correlated Quantum Spin Liquids versus Heavy Fermion Metals: A Review

This review considers the topological fermion condensation quantum phase transition (FCQPT) that explains the complex behavior of strongly correlated Fermi systems, such as frustrated insulators with quantum spin liquid and heavy fermion metals. The review contrasts theoretical consideration with recent experimental data collected on both heavy fermion metals (HF) and frustrated insulators. Such a method allows to understand experimental data. We also consider experimental data collected on quantum spin liquid in Lu 3 Cu 2 Sb 3 O 14 and quasi-one dimensional (1D) quantum spin liquid in both YbAlO 3 and Cu(C 4 H 4 N 2 )(NO 3 ) 2 with the aim to establish a sound theoretical explanation for the observed scaling laws, Landau Fermi liquid (LFL) and non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) behavior exhibited by these frustrated insulators. The recent experimental data on the heavy-fermion metal α-YbAl 1-x Fe x B 4 , with x=0.014, and on its sister compounds β-YbAlB 4 and YbCo 2 Ge 4 , carried out under the application of magnetic field as a control parameter are analyzed. We show that the thermodynamic and transport properties as well as the empirical scaling laws follow from the fermion condensation theory. We explain how both the similarity and the difference in the thermodynamic and transport properties of α-YbAl 1-x Fe x B 4 and in its sister compounds β-YbAlB 4 and YbCo 2 Ge 4 emerge, as well as establish connection of these (HF) metals with insulators Lu 3 Cu 2 Sb 3 O 14 , Cu(C 4 H 4 N 2 )(NO 3 ) 2 and YbAlO 3 . We demonstrate that the universal LFL and NFL behavior emerge because the HF compounds and the frustrated insulators are located near the topological FCQPT or are driven by the application of magnetic fields.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1991

Quantum correlation between the junction-voltage fluctuation and the photon-number fluctuation in a semiconductor laser

The photon-number fluctuation of the external field from a semiconductor laser - which was reduced to below the standard quantum limit - is shown to be correlated with the measured junction-voltage noise. The spectral density of the sum of the photon-number fluctuation and junction-voltage fluctuation falls below the squeezed photon-number fluctuation. This confirms the theoretical predictions that this correlation, which originates in the dipole interaction between the internal field and electron-hole pairs, extends into the quantum regime.

Richardson, W. H.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Exploring strongly correlated quantum spin systems with quantum computers

At inception, quantum annealing leveraged quantum mechanics for classical optimization tasks. However, as machine coherence increases, the realization of quantum spin systems has emerged as an even more fruitful application of this computational model. Alternatives to the standard gate model deserve exploration, to achieve useful quantum advantage via analog quantum computing. The recent demonstration of so-called coherent quantum annealing with 1,000s of qubits, further expands the potential for this hardware to explore quantum system dynamics where the effects of quantum fluctuations can be carefully controlled and observed directly. Implementing existing celebrated spin models—or in fact new and dedicated ones—into quantum annealers will lead to observation and detection of quantum phenomena not yet observed, or not visualized directly, in experimental physics laboratories. Rather than computing or simulating quantum systems, these quantum computers allow one to simply build quantum systems, and experiment on them in an uniquely controlled way, with characterization down to the constitutive degree of freedom. This provides an unprecedented opportunity for understanding the physics of quantum spin systems. Keywords: Theoretical physics currently abounds of interesting theoretical spin models to explore frustration, strongly correlated spins, spin liquids, fractionalized excitations, and topological matter. However enticing, such models are generally only weak proxies for the properties of actual materials. In quantum annealers these models could be realized and experimented upon. Moreover, many more realistic models of such materials could be realized in quantum annealers. Employed in this way, quantum annealers provide an extraordinary versatile platform to explore quantum effects that are hard to find, detect, and characterize in natural materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Geometric phases and quantum correlations dynamics in spin-boson model

We explore the dynamics of spin-boson model for the Ohmic bath by employing the master equation approach and obtain an explicit expression of reduced density matrix. We also calculate the geometric phases of the spin-boson model by making use of the analytical results and discuss how the dissipative bosonic environment affects geometric phases. Furthermore, we investigate the dynamics of quantum discord and entanglement of two qubits each locally interacting with its own independent bosonic environments. It is found that the decay properties of quantum discord and entanglement are sensitive to the choice of initial state's parameter and coupling strength between system and bath.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Global solutions of restricted open-shell Hartree-Fock theory from semidefinite programming with applications to strongly correlated quantum systems

We present a density matrix approach for computing global solutions of restricted open-shell Hartree-Fock theory, based on semidefinite programming (SDP), that gives upper and lower bounds on the Hartree-Fock energy of quantum systems. While wave function approaches to Hartree-Fock theory yield an upper bound to the Hartree-Fock energy, we derive a semidefinite relaxation of Hartree-Fock theory that yields a rigorous lower bound on the Hartree-Fock energy. We also develop an upper-bound algorithm in which Hartree-Fock theory is cast as a SDP with a nonconvex constraint on the rank of the matrix variable. Equality of the upper- and lower-bound energies guarantees that the computed solution is the globally optimal solution of Hartree-Fock theory. The work extends a previously presented method for closed-shell systems [S. Veeraraghavan and D. A. Mazziotti, Phys. Rev. A 89, 010502–R (2014)]. For strongly correlated systems the SDP approach provides an alternative to the locally optimized Hartree-Fock energies and densities with a certificate of global optimality. Applications are made to the potential energy curves of C{sub 2}, CN, Cr {sub 2}, and NO {sub 2}.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

SU(N) magnetism in chains of ultracold alkaline-earth-metal atoms: Mott transitions and quantum correlations

We investigate one-dimensional SU(N) Hubbard chains at zero temperature, which can be emulated with ultracold alkaline-earth-metal atoms, by using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG), Bethe ansatz (BA), and bosonization. We compute experimental observables and use the DMRG to benchmark the accuracy of the Bethe ansatz for N>2 where the BA is only approximate. In the worst case, we find a relative error {epsilon} < or approx. 4% in the BA ground-state energy for N{<=}4 at filling 1/N, which is due to the fact that BA improperly treats the triply and higher occupied states. Using the DMRG for N{<=}4 and the BA for large N, we determine the regimes of validity of strong- and weak-coupling perturbation theory for all values of N and, in particular, the parameter range in which the system is well described by a SU(N) Heisenberg model at filling 1/N. We find this depends only weakly on N. We investigate the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition from a Luttinger liquid to a Mott insulator by computing the fidelity susceptibility and the Luttinger parameter K{sub {rho}} at 1/N filling. The numerical findings give strong evidence that the fidelity susceptibility develops a minimum at a critical interaction strength which is found to occur at a finite positive value for N>2.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Relaxation dynamics in correlated quantum dots

We study quantum many-body effects on the real-time evolution of the current through quantum dots. By using a non-equilibrium renormalization group approach, we provide analytic results for the relaxation dynamics into the stationary state and identify the microscopic cutoff scales that determine the transport rates. We find rich non-equilibrium physics induced by the interplay of the different energy scales. While the short-time limit is governed by universal dynamics, the long-time behavior features characteristic oscillations as well as an interplay of exponential and power-law decay.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Enhancement of molecular sensitivity in positron emission tomography with quantum correlation of γ-ray photons

Enhancement of molecular sensitivity in positron emission tomography (PET) has long been discussed with respect to imaging instrumentation and algorithms for data treatment. Here, the molecular sensitivity in PET is discussed on the basis of 2-dimensional coincident measurements of 511 keV γ ray photons resultant from two-photon annihilation. Introduction of an additional selection window based on the energy sum and difference of the coincidently measured γ ray photons, without any significant instrumental and algorithmic changes, showed an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by an order of magnitude. Improvement of performance characteristics in the PET imaging system was demonstrated by an increase in the noise equivalent count rate (NECR) which takes both the SNR and the detection efficiency into consideration. A further improvement of both the SNR and the NECR is expected for the present system in real clinical and in-vivo environments, where much stronger positron sources are employed.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗