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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Thermal equilibrium of collisional non-neutral plasma in a magnetic dipole trap

This paper discusses thermal equilibrium states of single-species plasmas, such as pure electron plasmas and pure positron plasmas, that are confined in a dipole trap. Thermal equilibrium states for such plasmas are routinely realized in the homogeneous magnetic field of Penning–Malmberg traps. We generalize the theory of these states to include inhomogeneous magnetic dipole fields. The approach to thermal equilibrium takes place in two stages with well separated time scales. On the collision time scale, thermal equilibrium is established along each magnetic field line. On the much longer transport time scale, heat conduction and viscosity bring the plasmas on different flux contours into thermal equilibrium, we call this a state of global thermal equilibrium. We present numerical results for local and global thermal equilibria. These results agree with the analytic predictions for charge collections that are large compared with the Debye length. There is, in principle, no limit to the confinement time of a single-species plasma in a global thermal equilibrium state. Experiments with hot electron–ion plasmas performed in the LDX and RT1 devices give us confidence that, in contrast to a Penning–Malmberg trap, a magnetic dipole field can also confine cold quasi-neutral electron–positron pair plasmas on the time scale of the phenomena of interest. Such pair plasmas are assumed to form in the magnetosphere of neutron stars but have so far not been realized in a laboratory. The creation of an electron–positron pair plasma is the main goal of the APEX collaboration.

Steinbrunner, P. (ORCID:0000000317693686)↗
NASA NTRS1974

The permanent and induced magnetic dipole moment of the moon

Magnetic field observations with the Apollo 15 subsatellite have been used to deduce the components of both the permanent and induced lunar dipole moments in the orbital plane. The present permanent lunar magnetic dipole moment in the orbital plane is less than 1.3 times ten to the eighteenth power gauss-cu cm. Any uniformly magnetized near surface layer is therefore constrained to have a thickness-magnetization product less than 2.5 emu-cm per g. The induced moment opposes the external field, implying the existence of a substantial lunar ionosphere with a permeability between 0.63 and 0.85. Combining this with recent measures of the ratio of the relative field strength at the ALSEP and Explorer 35 magnetometers indicates that the global lunar permeability relative to the plasma in the geomagnetic tail lobes is between 1.008 and 1.03.

Russell, C. T.↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Field Quality Modeling in Canted Cosine Theta Dipole Magnets Wound Using REBCO Cables

In accelerator magnets the magnetic field quality is an important parameter. Using REBCO tapes or cables in magnet windings affects the magnetic field quality because of a quite high magnetization generated by these conductors. In this paper we analyzed numerically (using FEM) an effect of various REBCO cables’ magnetization on the field quality of canted cosine theta (CCT) dipole magnets. The magnetic properties of the cables were taken from our measurements of their M (H) curves at 4.2 K and magnetic fields up to 12 T. Also, flux creep effects were measured and their effects on field quality analyzed. Here we present a modeling of a CCT magnet containing 1 dipole double layer wound using a CORC and STAR cable. To make the FEM modeling less computationally “expensive”, we modelled only a section of 10 turns of the magnet's central part and calculated b3 fields on a circle of 2/3 of the innermost layer center line. Special M (H) curves measured during various field cycles (the so called “pre-injection cycles”) are effective in decreasing b 3 fields of the magnets. Flux creep effects suppress the b 3 fields further. In conclusion, using these techniques b 3 fields less than 10 units can be achieved.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Direct detection of light anapole and magnetic dipole DM

We present comparisons of direct detection data for ''light WIMPs'' with an anapole moment interaction (ADM) and a magnetic dipole moment interaction (MDM), both assuming the Standard Halo Model (SHM) for the dark halo of our galaxy and in a halo-independent manner. In the SHM analysis we find that a combination of the 90% CL LUX and CDMSlite limits or the new 90% CL SuperCDMS limit by itself exclude the parameter space regions allowed by DAMA, CoGeNT and CDMS-II-Si data for both ADM and MDM. In our halo-independent analysis the new LUX bound excludes the same potential signal regions as the previous XENON100 bound. Much of the remaining signal regions is now excluded by SuperCDMS, while the CDMSlite limit is much above them. The situation is of strong tension between the positive and negative search results both for ADM and MDM. We also clarify the confusion in the literature about the ADM scattering cross section.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

A 1.2 T canted cos $θ$ dipole magnet using high-temperature superconducting CORC ® wires

In this study, REBa 2 Cu 3 O x (REBCO, RE = rare earth elements) coated conductors can carry high current in high background fields, in principle enabling dipole magnetic fields beyond 20 T. Although model accelerator magnets wound with single REBCO tapes have been successfully demonstrated, magnet technology based on high-current REBCO cables for high-field accelerator magnet applications has yet to be established. We developed a two-layer canted cosθ dipole magnet with an aperture of 70 mm using 30 m long commercial Conductor on Round Core (CORC ® ) wires. The 3.1 mm diameter CORC ® wire contained 16 commercial REBCO tapes with a 30 $μ$m thick substrate. The magnet was tested at 77 and 4.2 K. It generated a peak dipole field of 1.2 T with 4.8 kA at 4.2 K with neither thermal runaway nor training. Reasonable geometric field quality and strong magnetization-current effects with multipole decay were observed. Our work demonstrated a feasible high-temperature superconducting magnet technology as a first step toward a new accelerator magnet paradigm that will enable high-field inserts for next-generation circular colliders and stand-alone magnets that can operate over a wide temperature range for a broad range of applications.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Positron orbit effects during injection and confinement in a magnetic dipole trap

Lossless injection of positrons into a magnetic dipole trap and their subsequent confinement have been demonstrated. Here, we investigate by numerical single-particle simulations how the radial distribution of positrons in the trap is affected by the measurement itself, the choice of injection parameters, the asymmetry of the electric potential, and by elastic collisions. The results are compared to experimental data. A comprehensive understanding of these effects is a milestone on the road to creating an electron–positron plasma in a trap with a levitating superconducting coil.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Temperature-dependent terahertz magnetic dipole radiation from antiferromagnetic GdFeO{sub 3} ceramics

Temperature-dependent terahertz magnetic dipole radiation in antiferromagnetic GdFeO{sub 3} ceramic is investigated both theoretically and experimentally in this work. A two-level quantum transition mechanism is introduced to describe the excitation-radiation process, and radiative lifetime is derived analytically from the change of spin state density during this process. Terahertz spectral measurements demonstrate that the radiative frequency exhibits a red-shift and lifetime shortens as temperature increases, which is in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The temperature-sensitive radiative frequency and excellent terahertz emission mean that the antiferromagnetic ceramics show potential for application in terahertz sensors and frequency-tunable terahertz lasers.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Test Results of CCT1—A 2.4 T Canted-Cosine-Theta Dipole Magnet

© 2014 IEEE. A two-layer Canted-Cosine-Theta (CCT) superconducting dipole magnet was built and tested. The magnet's unique mandrel design uses machined channels and spars to guide the windings, intercept Lorentz forces, and circumvent tangential stress accumulation. The CCT magnet design provides a "near-perfect" current density distribution and requires minimal coil prestress. The CCT magnet design, with these inherent features, makes it a desirable option for a high field accelerator magnet. A two layer dipole (CCT1) using NbTi cable and a 50.8-mm clear bore was built and tested generating a 2.4 T dipole field. We report on the winding experience, measured field quality and quench history.

Caspi, S.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Electric and magnetic dipole strength in 112,114,116,118,120,124 Sn

Background: There is renewed interest in electric dipole strength distributions for a variety of reasons including the extraction of the dipole polarizability related to properties of the symmetry energy and a measure for the neutron skin thickness, understanding the structure of low-energy $\textit{E}$1 strength in nuclei with neutron excess, and establishing the systematics of the isovector giant dipole resonance (IVGDR). Inelastic proton scattering at energies of a few hundred MeV and very forward angles including 0° has been established as a tool for the study of electric and magnetic dipole strength distributions in nuclei. Purpose: The present work aims at a systematic investigation of the electric and magnetic dipole strength distributions in the chain of stable even-mass tin isotopes. Methods: Inelastic proton scattering experiments were performed at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka, with a 295-MeV beam covering laboratory angles 0°–6° and excitation energies 6–22 MeV. Cross sections due to $\textit{E}$1 and $\textit{M}$1 excitations were extracted with a multipole decomposition analysis (MDA) and then converted to reduced transition probabilities with the “virtual photon method” for $\textit{E}$1 and the “unit cross section method” for $\textit{M}$1 excitations, respectively. Including a theory-aided correction for the high-excitation-energy region not covered experimentally, the electric dipole polarizability was determined from the $\textit{E}$1 strength distributions. Results: In this work, total photoabsorption cross sections derived from the $\textit{E}$1 and $\textit{M}$1 strength distributions show significant differences compared to those from previous ($\textit{γ, xn}$) experiments in the energy region of the IVGDR. The widths of the IVGDR deduced from the present data with a Lorentz parametrization show an approximately constant value of about 4.5 MeV in contrast to the large variations between isotopes observed in previous work. The IVGDR centroid energies are in good correspondence to expectations from empirical systematics of their mass dependence. Furthermore, a study of the dependence of the IVGDR energies on bulk matter properties is presented. The $\textit{E}$1 strengths below neutron threshold show fair agreement in this work with results from ($\textit{γ, γ'}$) experiments on 112,116,120,124 Sn in the energy region between 6 and 7 MeV, where also isoscalar $\textit{E}$1 strength was found for 124 Sn. At higher excitation energies, large differences are observed, pointing to a different nature of the excited states with small ground-state branching ratios. The isovector spin-$\textit{M}$1 strengths exhibit a broad distribution between 6 and 12 MeV in all studied nuclei. Conclusions: The present results contribute to the solution of a variety of nuclear structure problems including the systematics of the energy and width of the IVGDR, the structure of low-energy $\textit{E}$1 strength in nuclei, new constraints to energy density functionals (EDFs) aiming at a systematic description of the dipole polarizability across the nuclear chart, from which properties of the symmetry energy can be derived, and the systematics of the isovector spin-$\textit{M}$1 strength in heavy nuclei.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Pairing Toroidal and Magnetic Dipole Resonances in Elliptic Dielectric Rod Metasurfaces for Reconfigurable Wavefront Manipulation in Reflection

Abstract A novel approach for reconfigurable wavefront manipulation with gradient metasurfaces based on permittivity‐modulated elliptic dielectric rods is proposed. It is shown that the required 2π phase span in the local electromagnetic response of the metasurface can be achieved by pairing the lowest magnetic dipole Mie resonance with a toroidal dipole Mie resonance, instead of using the lowest two Mie resonances corresponding to fundamental electric and magnetic dipole resonances as customarily exercised. This approach allows for the precise matching of both the resonance frequencies and quality factors. Moreover, the accurate matching is preserved if the rod permittivity is varied, allowing for constructing reconfigurable gradient metasurfaces by locally modulating the permittivity in each rod. Highly efficient tunable beam steering and beam focusing with ultrashort focal lengths are numerically demonstrated, highlighting the advantage of the low‐profile metasurfaces over bulky conventional lenses. Notably, despite using a matched pair of Mie resonances, the presence of an electric polarizability background allows to perform the wavefront shaping operations in reflection, rather than transmission. This has the advantage that any control circuitry necessary in an experimental realization can be accommodated behind the metasurface without affecting the electromagnetic response.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Engineering Design of D1/D3 Dipole Magnets for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC)

Here, the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is designed to deliver a peak luminosity of 10 34 cm −2 s −1 . An electron storage ring (ESR) will be installed in the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) tunnel and will store polarized electron beams from 5 to 18 GeV. The ESR will have 750 dipole magnets with varying field requirements, including 576 super-bend triplets consisting of two magnets D1/D3 and D2. This paper presents on the engineering design of the D1/D3 dipole magnets within the arcs, with special focus on the coil design that allows the magnet to be configured for variable ampere-turns per energy.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Development of a second COMB dipole magnet with STAR wires

Rare-Earth Barium Copper Oxide (REBCO) coated conductors are an attractive option for application in high-field accelerator magnets due to their high critical field and the convenience of fabrication without heat treatment compared to some other superconductors. Fermilab plays a vital role in superconducting accelerator magnet R&D under the framework of the U.S. Magnet Development Program. An integral part of that program is the accelerator magnet development based on REBCO conductors to demonstrate self-fields of 5 T or greater compatible with operation in hybrid configurations to generate fields beyond 16 T for future High Energy Physics (HEP) applications. A small, two-layer REBCO dipole magnet based on the Conductor on Molded Barrel (COMB) magnet technology, developed at Fermilab with Symmetric Tape Round (STAR®) wires from AMPeers LLC was recently fabricated and tested in liquid helium, demonstrating the design feasibility. A second dipole magnet based on the same technology is currently under development at Fermilab. The coil has a 60-mm clear bore and a 120-mm OD and consists of six layers of STAR® conductor, which allows to significantly increase the magnetic field compared to the previous design, and potentially probe the 5 T self-field target. This presentation reports the progress in the magnet development.

Kashikhin, Vadim [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Low-energy enhancement of the magnetic dipole radiation in odd-mass lanthanides

We compute the magnetic dipole (M1) $\gamma$-ray strength functions ($\gamma$SF) for the odd-mass lanthanides $^{\textrm{143-151}}$Nd and $^{\textrm{147-153}}$Sm using the shell-model Monte Carlo method in combination with the static-path approximation and the maximum-entropy method. In particular, we quantify the statistical uncertainties in the calculated M1 $\gamma$SFs and show that they are under control for the excitation energies relevant to the experiments despite a Monte Carlo sign problem that originates in the projection onto an odd number of neutrons. We identify a low-energy enhancement (LEE) in the M1 $\gamma$SFs of these odd-mass lanthanides, which was recently observed experimentally in some of them. We also find a scissors mode resonance (SR) in the strongly deformed isotopes. We observe that the decrease in the LEE strength with neutron number along an isotopic chain is compensated for by an increase in the SR strength in the deformed nuclei. Furthermore, we compare our results with recent experiments.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Thermal equilibrium of non-neutral plasma in dipole magnetic field

Self-organization of a long-lived structure is one of the remarkable characteristics of macroscopic systems governed by long-range interactions. In a homogeneous magnetic field, a non-neutral plasma creates a “thermal equilibrium,” which is a Boltzmann distribution on a rigidly rotating frame. Here, we study how a non-neutral plasma self-organizes in inhomogeneous magnetic field; as a typical system, we consider a dipole magnetic field. In this generalized setting, the plasma exhibits its fundamental mechanism that determines the relaxed state. The scale hierarchy of adiabatic invariants is the determinant; the Boltzmann distribution under the topological constraint by the robust adiabatic invariants (hence, the homogeneous distribution with respect to the fragile invariant) is the relevant relaxed state, which turns out to be a rigidly rotating clump of particles (just same as in a homogeneous magnetic field), while the density is no longer homogeneous.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗