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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2002

Novel Advancements in Internet-Based Real Time Data Technologies

AZ Technology has been working with MSFC Ground Systems Department to find ways to make it easier for remote experimenters (RPI's) to monitor their International Space Station (ISS) payloads in real-time from anywhere using standard/familiar devices. AZ Technology was awarded an SBIR Phase I grant to research the technologies behind and advancements of distributing live ISS data across the Internet. That research resulted in a product called "EZStream" which is in use on several ISS-related projects. Although the initial implementation is geared toward ISS, the architecture and lessons learned are applicable to other space-related programs. This paper presents the high-level architecture and components that make up EZStream. A combination of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) and custom components were used and their interaction will be discussed. The server is powered by Apache's Jakarta-Tomcat web server/servlet engine. User accounts are maintained in a My SQL database. Both Tomcat and MySQL are Open Source products. When used for ISS, EZStream pulls the live data directly from NASA's Telescience Resource Kit (TReK) API. TReK parses the ISS data stream into individual measurement parameters and performs on-the- fly engineering unit conversion and range checking before passing the data to EZStream for distribution. TReK is provided by NASA at no charge to ISS experimenters. By using a combination of well established Open Source, NASA-supplied. and AZ Technology-developed components, operations using EZStream are robust and economical. Security over the Internet is a major concern on most space programs. This paper describes how EZStream provides for secure connection to and transmission of space- related data over the public Internet. Display pages that show sensitive data can be placed under access control by EZStream. Users are required to login before being allowed to pull up those web pages. To enhance security, the EZStream client/server data transmissions can be encrypted to preclude interception. EZStream was developed to make use of a host of standard platforms and protocols. Each are discussed in detail in this paper. The I3ZStream server is written as Java Servlets. This allows different platforms (i.e. Windows, Unix, Linux . Mac) to host the server portion. The EZStream client component is written in two different flavors: JavaBean and ActiveX. The JavaBean component is used to develop Java Applet displays. The ActiveX component is used for developing ActiveX-based displays. Remote user devices will be covered including web browsers on PC#s and scaled-down displays for PDA's and smart cell phones. As mentioned. the interaction between EZStream (web/data server) and TReK (data source) will be covered as related to ISS. EZStream is being enhanced to receive and parse binary data stream directly. This makes EZStream beneficial to both the ISS International Partners and non-NASA applications (i.e. factory floor monitoring). The options for developing client-side display web pages will be addressed along with the development of tools to allow creation of display web pages by non-programmers.

Myers, Gerry↗
NASA NTRS2002

Internet Technology for Future Space Missions

Ongoing work at National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), seeks to apply standard Internet applications and protocols to meet the technology challenge of future satellite missions. Internet protocols and technologies are under study as a future means to provide seamless dynamic communication among heterogeneous instruments, spacecraft, ground stations, constellations of spacecraft, and science investigators. The primary objective is to design and demonstrate in the laboratory the automated end-to-end transport of files in a simulated dynamic space environment using off-the-shelf, low-cost, commodity-level standard applications and protocols. The demonstrated functions and capabilities will become increasingly significant in the years to come as both earth and space science missions fly more sensors and the present labor-intensive, mission-specific techniques for processing and routing data become prohibitively. This paper describes how an IP-based communication architecture can support all existing operations concepts and how it will enable some new and complex communication and science concepts. The authors identify specific end-to-end data flows from the instruments to the control centers and scientists, and then describe how each data flow can be supported using standard Internet protocols and applications. The scenarios include normal data downlink and command uplink as well as recovery scenarios for both onboard and ground failures. The scenarios are based on an Earth orbiting spacecraft with downlink data rates from 300 Kbps to 4 Mbps. Included examples are based on designs currently being investigated for potential use by the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission.

Hennessy, Joseph F.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Just being on the Internet is Old News

E-Gov is an idea that is very popular these days. Many government agencies are adopting electronic information technology to improve both their internal and external capabilities to communicate with stakeholders and customers. This is an area where the Internet offers huge improvements in responsiveness. Unfortunately, Internet outreach traditionally has not been a budget area that received strong support in most agencies. Today, almost every government agency has some Internet presence: some extensive; others minimal. However, if you really want to reach your stakeholders and customers, just putting information out is not enough to assure it is useful. The most effective outreach sites are those that have moved beyond first generation static designs and concepts to newer communications approaches that stress two-way communication and collection and analysis of customer-oriented performance metrics. This talk discusses a few basic concepts in customer/stakeholder interaction as practiced by the very successful NASA family of websites, Science@NASA. Started 7 years ago as a single website, focusing on the science output of the Space Science Lab at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Science@NASA in 2002 consisted of 6 websites with 450,000 subscribers and garnered over 700 million hits (approx. 64 million visits) in 2002 plus 3 international awards in the past 3 years. Focused content, tying presentation techniques to advanced communications concepts, managing and soliciting subscribers lists, automatic collection of performance metrics, soliciting and responding to customer feedback, and subscriber surveys are among the topics to be discussed. The successful NASAKids Club and the interactivity offered to children will also be covered. The attempt to make the customer/stakeholder DO SOMETHING is critical to our success.

Koczor, Ronald J.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Internet technologies and requirements for telemedicine

Internet technologies are briefly introduced and those applicable for telemedicine are reviewed. Multicast internet technologies are described. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 'Telemedicine Space-bridge to Russia' project is described and used to derive requirements for internet telemedicine. Telemedicine privacy and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements are described.

Remote Consultation↗
NASA NTRS2001

Achieving End-to-End QoS in the Next Generation Internet: Integrated Services over Differentiated Service Networks

Currently there are two approaches to provide Quality of Service (QoS) in the next generation Internet: An early one is the Integrated Services (IntServ) with the goal of allowing end-to-end QoS to be provided to applications; the other one is the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) architecture providing QoS in the backbone. In this context, a DiffServ network may be viewed as a network element in the total end-to-end path. The objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of providing end-to-end QoS when IntServ runs over DiffServ backbone in the next generation Internet. Our results show that the QoS requirements of IntServ applications can be successfully achieved when IntServ traffic is mapped to the DiffServ domain in next generation Internet.

Bai, Haowei↗
NASA NTRS2007

XNsim: Internet-Enabled Collaborative Distributed Simulation via an Extensible Network

In this paper, the XNsim approach to achieve Internet-enabled, dynamically scalable collaborative distributed simulation capabilities is presented. With this approach, a complete simulation can be assembled from shared component subsystems written in different formats, that run on different computing platforms, with different sampling rates, in different geographic locations, and over singlelmultiple networks. The subsystems interact securely with each other via the Internet. Furthermore, the simulation topology can be dynamically modified. The distributed simulation uses a combination of hub-and-spoke and peer-topeer network topology. A proof-of-concept demonstrator is also presented. The XNsim demonstrator can be accessed at http://www.jsc.draver.corn/xn that hosts various examples of Internet enabled simulations.

Novotny, John↗
NASA NTRS2010

Rationale, Scenarios, and Profiles for the Application of the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS) in Space Operations

This greenbook captures some of the current, planned and possible future uses of the Internet Protocol (IP) as part of Space Operations. It attempts to describe how the Internet Protocol is used in specific scenarios. Of primary focus is low-earth-orbit space operations, which is referred to here as the design reference mission (DRM). This is because most of the program experience drawn upon derives from this type of mission. Application profiles are provided. This includes parameter settings programs have proposed for sending IP datagrams over CCSDS links, the minimal subsets and features of the IP protocol suite and applications expected for interoperability between projects, and the configuration, operations and maintenance of these IP functions. Of special interest is capturing the lessons learned from the Constellation Program in this area, since that program included a fairly ambitious use of the Internet Protocol.

Benbenek, Daniel B.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

A Proposed Clock Synchronization Method for the Solar System Internet

Networked communications in space are necessary to achieve scalability in terms of the number of communicating nodes but also in terms of the overall system complexity. A key component to such a system is the ability to synchronize clocks, which is the focus of this paper. The so-called Solar System Internet (SSI) will be built upon Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN), which, in analogy to the Internet Protocol (IP), can be considered a suite of protocols necessary for networking in the space domain. Therefore, our goal is to extend this suite to include a DTN clock synchronization capability, analogous to the Network Time Protocol (NTP) used in the Internet. A motivating example of a network in space is NASA’s LunaNet, a vision for a multi-hop multi-path network extending to the moon wherein not all nodes will have direct connections to an authoritative reference clock. In this paper, we propose a general clock synchronization methodology and algorithm that could be used for LunaNet as well as more elaborate time-varying networks. In recent years, DTN has benefited from modeling efforts founded on the mathematical tool of sheaves. Here we continue this work to provide an approach to clock synchronization. Due to the time-varying nature of space networks, absolute consensus is not possible. However, the sheaf Laplacian provides a practical, distributed approach to approximating consensus by allowing data to diffuse through the network. In particular, the sheaf Laplacian is readily computable, lending our approach to implementation. Our approach is well suited to handle the difficulties of space networks. For instance, differences in clock accuracy mean certain nodes are more authoritative than others; we can account for these differences through hierarchies in the network, generalizing the strata in NTP. Furthermore, just as error estimation is an integral part of NTP, we are able to give concrete error bounds for our approach. Indeed, different applications (e.g., communications schedules, pointing, navigation, distributed science) will have different requirements, hence it is necessary to maintain clocks within a given tolerance. We outline some of the necessary steps to turn our approach into a practical network protocol that could be used in DTN, and we conclude the paper with suggestions for future research.

Michael Moy↗
DOE OSTI2016

AN INTERNET RACK MONITOR-CONTROLLER FOR APS LINAC RF ELECTRONICS UPGRADE

To support the research and development in APS LINAC area, the existing LINAC rf control performance needs to be much improved, and thus an upgrade of the legacy LINAC rf electronics becomes necessary. The proposed upgrade plan centers on the concept of using a modern, network-attached, rackmount digital electronics platform –Internet Rack Monitor-Controller (or IRMC) to achieve the goal of modernizing the rf electronics at a lower cost. The system model of the envisioned IRMC is basically a 3-tier stack with a high-performance DSP in the mid-layer to perform the core tasks of real-time rf data processing and controls. The Digital Front-End (DFE) attachment layer at bottom bridges the applicationspecific rf front-ends to the DSP. A network communication gateway, together with an embedded event receiver (EVR) in the top layer merges the Internet Rack MonitorController node into the networks of the accelerator controls infrastructure. Although the concept is very much in trend with today’s Internet-of-Things (IoT), this implementation has actually been used in the accelerators for over two decades.

Ma, Hengjie↗
DOE OSTI2014

Fast DR: Controlling Small Loads over the Internet

Current state-of-the-art demand response systems are expensive due to extreme reliability constraints in telemetry, control, and metering. The typical cost of enabling a site for regulation services is between $50k and $80k. These costs are orders of magnitude too high for small loads to participate in high-value grid services. Traditional demand response (DR) schedules events in advance and provides basic on/off control. We developed fast DR measurement and communication technologies, which are scalable cost-effective demand response systems with sufficient reliability for real-time control and monitoring of loads over the internet, and we demonstrated an example system for under $100. We installed FastDR systems for lighting, motor, and thermostat control along with power metering at a total of 10 sites, including 6 commercial buildings and 4 residential buildings. This demonstration addressed the following important methodological questions: 1) Can we reliably control loads simultaneously and with low latency across multiple sites within a specified response time; 2) How reliable is using the internet or 4G cellular network as the mode of control and metering; and 3) Can existing Smart Meters provide data for real-time telemetry services. Testing shows fast DR is capable of control to response in 4 seconds and loads complete transition in seconds to less than one minute depending on load type. We demonstrated 4s regulation services and synchronized load control, and we successfully met specifications for ancillary services across the US. Telemetry via the 4G cellular network demonstrated 94.5% success rate, and residential Internet demonstrated a 98% success rate.

Kiliccote, Sila↗
DOE OSTI2015

Security and Privacy Grand Challenges for the Internet of Things

Abstract— The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) is driven by market pressures, and while security is being considered, the relationship between the unintended consequences of billions of such devices connecting to the Internet cannot be described with existing mathematical methods. The possibilities for illicit surveillance through lifestyle analysis, unauthorized access to information, and new attack vectors will continue to increase by 2020, when up-to 50 billion devices may be connected. This paper discusses various kinds of vulnerabilities that can be expected to arise, and presents a research agenda for mitigating the worst of the impacts. We hope to draw research attention to the potential dangers of IoT so that many of these problems can be avoided.

grand challenge↗
DOE OSTI2012

Analysis of the Quality of Information Obtained About Uterine Artery Embolization From the Internet

Purpose: The Internet is widely used by patients to source health care-related information. We sought to analyse the quality of information available on the Internet about uterine artery embolization (UAE). Materials and Methods: We searched three major search engines for the phrase 'uterine artery embolization' and compiled the top 50 results from each engine. After excluding repeated sites, scientific articles, and links to documents, the remaining 50 sites were assessed using the LIDA instrument, which scores sites across the domains of accessibility, usability, and reliability. The Fleisch reading ease score (FRES) was calculated for each of the sites. Finally, we checked the country of origin and the presence of certification by the Health On the Net Foundation (HONcode) as well as their effect on LIDA and FRES scores.ResultsThe following mean scores were obtained: accessibility 48/60 (80%), usability 42/54 (77%), reliability 20/51 (39%), total LIDA 110/165 (67%), and FRES 42/100 (42%). Nine sites had HONcode certification, and this was associated with significantly greater (p < 0.05) reliability and total LIDA and FRES scores. When comparing sites between United Kingdom and United States, there was marked variation in the quality of results obtained when searching for information on UAE (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, sites were well designed and easy to use. However, many scored poorly on the reliability of their information either because they were produced in a non-evidence-based way or because they lacking currency. It is important that patients are guided to reputable, location-specific sources of information online, especially because prominent search engine rank does not guarantee reliability of information.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2017

An Internet of Things Approach to Electrical Power Monitoring and Outage Reporting

The so-called Internet of Things concept has captured much attention recently as ordinary devices are connected to the Internet for monitoring and control purposes. One enabling technology is the proliferation of low-cost, single board computers with built-in network interfaces. Some of these are capable of hosting full-fledged operating systems that provide rich programming environments. Taken together, these features enable inexpensive solutions for even traditional tasks such as the one presented here for electrical power monitoring and outage reporting.

Internet of Things↗
NASA NTRS1996

International NDT Technical Collaboration Using the Internet

This paper reviews the capability of the Internet as a world-wide NDT communication tool for technical collaboration, dissemination of information and international standards. This paper was written by authors that never personally met (except for two) and despite thousands of miles distance between them the authors managed to work as a team to complete this paper in a very time efficient manner. This success is attributed to the power of the Internet and it represents a simple example of the.

Internet communication information exchange web si↗
NASA NTRS2000

Internet Based Operations for the Mars Polar Lander Mission

The Mars Polar Lander (MPL) mission is the first planetary mission to use Internet-based distributed ground operations where scientists and engineers collaborate in daily mission operations from multiple geographically distributed locations via the Internet.

Mission↗
DOE OSTI2013

Physician Evaluation of Internet Health Information on Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Purpose: Many patients considering prostate cancer (PCa) treatment options report seeking proton beam therapy (PBT) based in part on information readily available on the Internet. There is, however, potential for considerable variation in Internet health information (IHI). We thus evaluated the characteristics, quality, and accuracy of IHI on PBT for PCa. Methods and Materials: We undertook a qualitative research study using snowball-purposive sampling in which we evaluated the top 50 Google search results for “proton prostate cancer.” Quality was evaluated on a 5-point scale using the validated 15-question DISCERN instrument. Accuracy was evaluated by comparing IHI with the best available evidence. Results: Thirty-seven IHI websites were included in the final sample. These websites most frequently were patient information/support resources (46%), were focused exclusively on PBT (51%), and had a commercial affiliation (38%). There was a significant difference in quality according to the type of IHI. Substantial inaccuracies were noted in the study sample compared with best available or contextual evidence. Conclusions: There are shortcomings in quality and accuracy in consumer-oriented IHI on PBT for PCa. Providers must be prepared to educate patients how to critically evaluate IHI related to PBT for PCa to best inform their treatment decisions.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Studying information recurrence, gatekeeping, and the role of communities during internet outages in Venezuela

Many authoritarian regimes have taken to censoring internet access in order to stop the spread of misinformation, restrict citizens from discussing certain topics, and prevent mobilization, among other reasons. There are several theories about the effectiveness of censorship. Some suggest that censorship will effectively limit the flow of information, whereas others predict that a backlash will form, resulting in ultimately more discussion about the topic. In this work, we analyze the role of communities and gatekeepers during multiple internet outages in Venezuela in January 2019. First, we measure how critical information (e.g., entities and hashtags) spreads during outages focusing on information recurrence and burstiness within and across language and location communities. We discover that information bursts tend to cross both language and location community boundaries rather than being limited to a single community during several outages. Then we identify users who play central roles and propose a novel method to detect gatekeepers—users who prevent critical information from spreading across communities during outages. We show that bilingual and English-speaking users play more central roles compared to Spanish-speaking users, but users inside and outside Venezuela have similar distribution of centrality. Finally, we measure the differences in social network structure before and after each outage event and discuss its effect on how information spreads. We find that with each outage event social connections tend to get less connected with higher mean shortest path, indicating that the effect of censorship makes it harder for information to spread.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Pattern Discovery in Internet Background Radiation

Internet Background Radiation (IBR) is observed in empty network address spaces. No traffic should arrive there, but it does in overwhelming quantities, gathering evidences of attacks, malwares and misconfigurations. The study of IBR helps to detect spreading network problems, common vulnerabilities and attack trends. However, network traffic data evolves quickly and is of high volume and diversity, i.e., an outstanding big data challenge. When used to assist network security, it also requires the online classification of dynamic streaming data. In this paper, we introduce an AGgregation & Mode (AGM) vector to represent network traffic. The AGM format characterizes IP hosts by extracting aggregated and mode values of IP header fields, and without inspecting payloads. We performed clustering and statistical analysis to explore six months of IBR from 2012 with the AGM mapping. The discovered patterns allow building a classification of IBR, which identifies phenomena that have been actively polluting the Internet for years. The AGM representation is light and tailored for monitoring and pattern discovery. We show that AGM vectors are suitable to analyze large volumes of network traffic: they capture permanent operations, such as long term scanning, as well as bursty events from targeted attacks and short term incidents.

Iglesias, Felix↗