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Measurement of the W boson polarization in top quark decays with the ATLAS detector
This paper presents measurements of the polarization ofW bosons in top quark decays, derived from t{bar t} events with missing transverse momentum, one charged lepton and at least four jets, or two charged leptons and at least two jets. Data from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV were collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb{sup -1}. The measured fractions of longitudinally, left- and right-handed polarization are F{sub 0} = 0.67 {+-} 0.07, F{sub L} = 0.32 {+-} 0.04 and F{sub R} = 0.01 {+-} 0.05, in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. As the polarization of the W bosons in top quark decays is sensitive to the Wtb vertex Lorentz structure and couplings, the measurements were used to set limits on anomalous contributions to the Wtb couplings.
Adding pseudo-observables to the four-lepton experimentalist’s toolbox
Here, the "golden" channel, in which the newly-discovered Higgs boson decays to four leptons by means of intermediate vector bosons, is important for determining the properties of the Higgs boson and for searching for subtle new physics effects. Different approaches exist for parametrizing the relevant Higgs couplings in this channel; here we relate the use of pseudo-observables to methods based on specifying the most general amplitude or Lagrangian terms for the $HVV$ interactions. We also provide projections for sensitivity in this channel in several novel scenarios, illustrating the use of pseudo-observables, and analyze the role of kinematic distributions and (ratios of) rates in such $H\to4\ell$ studies.
Search for a multi-Higgs-boson cascade in W + W - b b ¯ events with the ATLAS detector in p p collisions at s = 8 TeV
A search is presented for new particles in an extension to the Standard Model that includes a heavy Higgs boson (H 0 ), an intermediate charged Higgs-boson pair ( H ± ), and a light Higgs boson (h 0 ). The analysis searches for events involving the production of a single heavy neutral Higgs boson which decays to the charged Higgs boson and a W boson, where the charged Higgs boson subsequently decays into a W boson and the lightest neutral Higgs boson decaying to a bottom-antibottom-quark pair. Such a cascade results in a W -boson pair and a bottom-antibottom-quark pair in the final state. Events with exactly one lepton, missing transverse momentum, and at least four jets are selected from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb -1 , collected by the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV at the LHC. The data are found to be consistent with Standard Model predictions, and 95% confidence-level upper limits are set on the product of cross section and branching ratio. Lastly, these limits range from 0.065 to 43 pb as a function of H 0 and H ± masses, with m h 0 fixed at 125 GeV.
Study of the dijet invariant mass in w + 2 jet events
The D0 Collaboration presents a study of the dijet invariant mass spectrum, M{sub jj}, in events with two jets produced in association with a W {yields} {ell}{nu} boson. The goal is to verify a claim from the CDF Collaboration about the possible existence of an anomalous dijet resonance at M{sub jj} {approx} 145 GeV. Thus, we investigate the 110 GeV < M{sub jj} < 170 GeV mass range and report our results.
NLO Vector Boson Production With Light Jets
In this contribution we present recent progress in the computation of next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections for the production of an electroweak vector boson in association with jets at hadron colliders. We focus on results obtained using the virtual matrix element library BlackHat in conjunction with SHERPA, focusing on results relevant to understanding the background to top production. The production of a vector boson in association with several jets at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is an important background for other Standard Model processes as well as new physics signals. In particular, the production of a W boson in association with many jets is an important background for processes involving one or more top quarks. Precise predictions for the backgrounds are crucial to measurement of top-quark processes. Vector boson production in association with multiple jets is also a very important background for many SUSY searches, as it mimics the signatures of many typical decay chains. Here we will discuss how polarization information can be used as an additional handle to differentiate top pair production from 'prompt' W-boson production. More generally, ratios of observables, for example for events containing a W boson versus those containing a Z boson, are expected to be better-behaved as many uncertainties cancel in such ratios. Precise calculation of ratios, along with measurement of one of the two processes in the ratio, can be used in data-driven techniques for estimating backgrounds.
Muon Muon Collider: Feasibility Study
A feasibility study is presented of a 2 + 2 TeV muon collider with a luminosity of L = 10{sup 35} cm{sup -2}s{sup -1}. The resulting design is not optimized for performance, and certainly not for cost; however, it does suffice - we believe - to allow us to make a credible case, that a muon collider is a serious possibility for particle physics and, therefore, worthy of R and D support so that the reality of, and interest in, a muon collider can be better assayed. The goal of this support would be to completely assess the physics potential and to evaluate the cost and development of the necessary technology. The muon collider complex consists of components which first produce copious pions, then capture the pions and the resulting muons from their decay; this is followed by an ionization cooling channel to reduce the longitudinal and transverse emittance of the muon beam. The next stage is to accelerate the muons and, finally, inject them into a collider ring wich has a small beta function at the colliding point. This is the first attempt at a point design and it will require further study and optimization. Experimental work will be needed to verify the validity of diverse crucial elements in the design. Muons because of their large mass compared to an electron, do not produce significant synchrotron radiation. As a result there is negligible beamstrahlung and high energy collisions are not limited by this phenomena. In addition, muons can be accelerated in circular devices which will be considerably smaller than two full-energy linacs as required in an e{sup +} - e{sup -} collider. A hadron collider would require a CM energy 5 to 10 times higher than 4 TeV to have an equivalent energy reach. Since the accelerator size is limited by the strength of bending magnets, the hadron collider for the same physics reach would have to be much larger than the muon collider. In addition, muon collisions should be cleaner than hadron collisions. There are many detailed particle reactions which are open to a muon collider and the physics of such reactions - what one learns and the necessary luminosity to see interesting events - are described in detail. Most of the physics accesible to an e{sup +} - e{sup -} collider could be studied in a muon collider. In addition the production of Higgs bosons in the s-channel will allow the measurement of Higgs masses and total widths to high precision; likewise, t{bar t} and W{sup +}W{sup -} threshold studies would yield m{sub t} and m{sub w} to great accuracy. These reactions are at low center of mass energy (if the MSSM is correct) and the luminosity and {Delta}p/p of the beams required for these measurements is detailed in the Physics Chapter. On the other hand, at 2 + 2 TeV, a luminosity of L {approx} 10{sup 35} cm{sup -2}s{sup -1} is desirable for studies such as, the scattering of longitudinal W bosons or the production of heavy scalar particles. Not explored in this work, but worth noting, are the opportunities for muon-proton and muon-heavy ion collisions as well as the enormous richness of such a facility for fixed target physics provided by the intense beams of neutrinos, muons, pions, kaons, antiprotons and spallation neutrons. To see all the interesting physics described herein requires a careful study of the operation of a detector in the very large background. Three sources of background have been identified. The first is from any halo accompanying the muon beams in the collider ring. Very carefully prepared beams will have to be injected and maintained. The second is due to the fact that on average 35% of the muon energy appears in its decay electron. The energy of the electron subsequently is converted into EM showers either from the synchrotron radiation they emit in the collider magnetic field or from direct collision with the surrounding material. The decays that occur as the beams traverse the low beta insert are of particular concern for detector backgrounds. A third source of background is e{sup +} - e{sup -} pair creation from {mu}{sup +} - {mu}{sup -} interaction. Studies of how to shield the detector and reduce the background are addressed in the Detector Chapter. Polarization of the muons allows many very interesting measurements which are discussed in the Physics Chapter. Unlike the electron collider in which the electron beam is highly polarized and the positron beam unpolarized, both muon beams may be partially polarized. It is necessary to select forward moving muons from the pion's decay and thus reduce the available number of muons and hence the luminosity. The necessary machine technology needed to achieve such a collider is discussed in the Option Chapter; at the moment it is not part of our point design, although such capability would almost certainly be incorporated into an actual device.
Results on the search for the standard model Higgs boson at CMS
A summary of the results from searches for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the CMS experiment at LHC with data collected from proton-proton collisions at {radical}(s) = 7TeV is presented. The Higgs boson is searched in a multiplicity of decay channels using data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities in the range 4.6 - 4.8 fb{sup -1}. The investigated mass range is 110 - 600 GeV. Results are reported for each channel as well as for their combination.
Precise Predictions for Z + 4 Jets at Hadron Colliders
We present the cross section for production of a Z boson in association with four jets at the Large Hadron Collider, at next-to-leading order in the QCD coupling. When the Z decays to neutrinos, this process is a key irreducible background to many searches for new physics. Its computation has been made feasible through the development of the on-shell approach to perturbative quantum field theory. We present the total cross section for pp collisions at {radical}s = 7 TeV, after folding in the decay of the Z boson, or virtual photon, to a charged-lepton pair. We also provide distributions of the transverse momenta of the four jets, and we compare cross sections and distributions to the corresponding ones for the production of a W boson with accompanying jets.
The s-Channel Single Top Quark Production as a Constraint for W ' Boson Contribution
An analysis is performed to constrain the W' boson production using the measurement of the s‑channel single top quark production cross section. Both phenomenological and statistical approaches are examined and results are presented. In the best case, W' bosons that interact only to the right-handed fermions are excluded below 1390 GeV. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the measured cross section of the s-channel single top quark production from the colliders is used to rule out a part of the phase space of the W' boson.
Search of anomalous $Wtb$ couplins in single top quark prodution at D0
The large mass of the top quark, close to the electroweak symmetry-breaking scale, makes it a good candidate for probing physics beyond the Standard Model, including possible anomalous couplings. D0 has made measurements of single top quark production using 5.4 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity. We examine the data to study the Lorentz structure of the Wtb coupling. We find that the data prefer the left-handed vector coupling and set upper limits on the anomalous couplings. In 2009, the electroweak single top quark production was observed by the D0 and CDF collaborations. Electroweak production of top quarks at the Tevatron proceeds mainly via the decay of a time-like virtual W boson accompanied by a bottom quark in the s-channel (tb = t{bar b} + {bar t}b), or via the exchange of a space-like virtual W boson between a light quark and a bottom quark in the t-channel (tqb = tq{bar b} + {bar t}qb, where q refers to the light quark). For a top quark mass of 172.5 GeV, The Standard Model (SM) prediction of single top production rate at next-to-leading order with soft-gluon contributions at next-to-next-to-leading order are 1.04 {+-} 0.04 pb (s-channel) and 2.26 {+-} 0.12 pb (t-channel). The large mass of the top quark implies that it has large couplings to the electroweak symmetry breaking sector of the SM and may have non-standard interactions with the weak gauge bosons. Single top quark production provides a unique probe to study the interactions of the top quark with the W boson.
Cosmic ray neutrino tests for heavier weak bosons and cosmic antimatter
A program for using high energy neutrino astronomy with large neutrino detectors to directly test for the existence of heavier weak intermediate vector bosons (ivb) and cosmic antimatter is described. Such observations can provide a direct test of baryon symmetric cosmologies. Changes in the total cross section for nu(N) yields mu(X) due to additional propagators are discussed and higher mass resonances in the annihilation channel bar-nu sub e e(-) yields X are analyzed. The annihilation channel is instrumental in the search for antimatter, partcularly if heavier IVB's exist.
$W$ and $Z$ Boson Cross Section and $W$ Asymmetry at CMS
We report the measurement of the rates and asymmetries of inclusive and differential production of W and Z vector bosons in pp collisions at {radical}s = 7 TeV. The data consists of 36 pb{sup -1} collected in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The measured inclusive cross sections are {sigma}(pp {yields} WX) x B(W {yields} {ell}{nu}) = 10.31 {+-} 0.02(stat.){+-}0.09 (syst.){+-}0.10(th.){+-}0.41(lumi.) nb and {sigma}(pp {yields} ZX) x B(Z {yields} {ell}{ell}) = 0.975 {+-} 0.007(stat.){+-}0.007 (syst.){+-}0.018(th.){+-}0.039(lumi.) nb. The measured inclusive cross sections and also its ratio of W to Z or W{sup +} to W{sup -} agree with NNLO QCD cross section calculations and current parton distribution functions (PDFs). The differential production asymmetry of W boson as a function of the lepton pseudorapidity in the final state is also measured and compared with various PDFs.
$W/Z$ and Diboson Properties
Most recent measurements of properties of W and Z gauge bosons at hadron colliders are presented. The measurements were performed by ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb collaborations with proton-proton collisions at the LHC and by CDF and D0 collaborations with proton-antiproton collisions at the Tevatron. Center-of-mass energy was 7 TeV and 1.96 TeV at the LHC and Tevatron respectively. Integrated luminosity ranges from 35 pb{sup -1} to 1.02 pb{sup -1} for LHC and from 0.2 fb{sup -1} to 7.1 fb{sup -1} for Tevatron.
Higher-order corrections to quantum observables in h → WW*
A bstract The Higgs boson decay h → WW * → $$ {\ell}^{+}{\nu}_{\ell }{\ell}^{\prime -}{\overline{\nu}}_{\ell^{\prime }} $$ ℓ + ν ℓ ℓ ′ − ν ¯ ℓ ′ provides a unique window into the structure of the Higgs couplings to electroweak gauge bosons and has recently gained attention for its potential to unveil quantum properties such as quantum entanglement between the intermediate gauge bosons. In this work, we present a systematic study of next-to-leading order electroweak corrections to the angular coefficients characterizing this decay. While these coefficients are highly constrained at leading order, radiative corrections induce shifts of up to 5% to the existing terms and generate novel structures that vanish at leading order, breaking previous relations among coefficients. While higher-order effects influence the results, the two-qutrit quantum structure in the h → WW ∗ channel exhibits greater stability under such corrections than in the previously studied h → ZZ ∗ decay.
Calculation of associated production of a top quark and a W ′ at the LHC
Not Available
DUMAND Summer Workshop, University of California, La Jolla, Calif., July 24-September 2, 1978, Proceedings. Volume 2 - UHE interactions, neutrino astronomy
The volume covers categories on inelastic neutrino scattering and the W-boson, and other ultra-high-energy processes, on pulsars, quasars and galactic nuclei, as well as other point sources and constants from gamma ray astronomy. Individual subjects include weak intermediate vector bosons and DUMAND, the Monte Carlo simulation of inelastic neutrino scattering in DUMAND, and Higgs boson production by very high-energy neutrinos. The observability of the neutrino flux from the inner region of the galactic disk, the diffuse fluxes of high-energy neutrinos, as well as the significance of gamma ray observations for neutrino astronomy are also among the topics covered.
Evidence for $WZ/WW\to \ell \nu$ + Heavy Flavors Vector Boson Production in 7.5 fb$^{-1}$ of CDF Data
This contribution describes a search for the associated production of Standard Model vector bosons WZ where the W boson decays leptonically (W {yields} {ell}{nu}) and the Z boson decays to a heavy flavor quark pair (Z {yields} b{bar b}, c{bar c}). At least one identified ('tagged') heavy flavor jet in the final state is required. Given the small di-jet invariant mass separation between the W and the Z resonances, the production of WW events where one W decays leptonically and the second W decays into an heavy flavor jet (e.i. W{sup + {yields} c{bar s}) contributes to our the signal. This search uses data collected with the CDF II detector at the Tevatron Collider at Fermilab, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7.5 fb{sup -1}. Events consistent with the signature of a charged lepton (electron or muon), large missing transverse energy and exactly two jets, of which at least one is required to contain a secondary vertex displaced from the jet origin, are selected. A multivariate discriminant based on the Support Vector Machine algorithm is used to reduce greatly the multi-jet background contamination. We observe a signal of significance of 3.03{sigma} over the background only hypothesis. A cross section of 1.085{sub -0.40}{sup +0.26} times the expected Standard Model value for the combined WZ/WW production and decay into heavy flavors is measured, consistent with the Standard Model prediction.