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At least 73 records · Page 4
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DOE OSTI2025

QCD Predictions for Physical Multimeson Scattering Amplitudes

We use lattice QCD calculations of the finite-volume spectra of systems of two and three mesons to determine, for the first time, three-particle scattering amplitudes with physical quark masses. Our results are for combinations of 𝜋 + and 𝐾 + , at a lattice spacing 𝑎 = 0.063 fm, and in the isospin-symmetric limit. We also obtain accurate results for maximal-isospin two-meson amplitudes, with those for 𝜋 + ⁢𝐾 + and 2⁢𝐾 + being the first determinations at the physical point. Dense lattice spectra are obtained using the stochastic Laplacian-Heaviside method, and the analysis leading to scattering amplitudes is done using the relativistic finite-volume formalism. Results are compared to chiral perturbation theory and to phenomenological fits to experimental data, finding good agreement.

hadron-hadron interactions↗
DOE OSTI2026

Transverse single-spin asymmetry of forward 𝜂 mesons in 𝑝 ↑ +𝑝 collisions at √𝑠 =200 GeV

Utilizing the 2012 transversely polarized proton data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory, the forward 𝜂-meson transverse single-spin asymmetry (𝐴 𝑁 ) was measured for 𝑝 ↑ +𝑝 collisions at √𝑠 =200 GeV as a function of Feynman-x (𝑥 𝐹 ) for 0.2 <|𝑥 𝐹 | <0.8 and transverse momentum (𝑝 𝑇 ) for 1.0 <𝑝 𝑇 <5.0 GeV/𝑐. Large asymmetries at positive 𝑥 𝐹 are observed (⟨𝐴 𝑁 ⟩=0.086±0.019), agreeing well with previous measurements of 𝜋 0 and 𝜂𝐴 𝑁 , but with reach to higher 𝑥 𝐹 and 𝑝 𝑇 . The contribution of initial-state spin-momentum correlations to the asymmetry, as calculated in the collinear twist-3 framework, appears insufficient to describe the data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measurements of ϒ states production in 𝑝 + 𝑝 collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 500 GeV with STAR: Cross sections, ratios, and multiplicity dependence

We report measurements of ϒ⁡(1⁢𝑆), ϒ⁡(2⁢𝑆) and ϒ⁡(3⁢𝑆) production in 𝑝 + 𝑝 collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ =500 GeV by the STAR experiment in year 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity ℒ int = 13 pb −1 . The results provide precise cross sections, transverse momentum (𝑝 T ) and rapidity (𝑦) spectra, as well as cross section ratios for 𝑝 T < 10 GeV/c and |𝑦| < 1. The dependence of the ϒ yield on charged particle multiplicity has also been measured, offering new insights into the mechanisms of quarkonium production. The data are compared to various theoretical models: the color evaporation model (CEM) accurately describes the ϒ⁡(1⁢𝑆) production, while the color glass condensate+nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (CGC+NRQCD) model overestimates the data, particularly at low 𝑝 T . Conversely, the color singlet model (CSM) underestimates the rapidity dependence. These discrepancies highlight the need for further development in understanding the production dynamics of heavy quarkonia in high-energy hadronic collisions. The trend in the multiplicity dependence is consistent with CGC/saturation and string percolation models or ϒ production happening in multiple parton interactions modeled by PYTHIA 8.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Two- and three-meson scattering amplitudes with physical quark masses from lattice QCD

We study systems of two and three mesons composed of pions and kaons at maximal isospin using four CLS ensembles with 𝑎 ≈ 0.063 fm, including one with approximately physical quark masses. Using the stochastic Laplacian-Heaviside method, we determine the energy spectrum of these systems including many levels in different momentum frames and irreducible representations. Using the relativistic two- and three-body finite-volume formalism, we constrain the two- and three-meson K matrices, including not only the leading 𝑠 wave, but also 𝑝 and 𝑑 waves. By solving the three-body integral equations, we determine, for the first time, the physical-point scattering amplitudes for 3⁢𝜋 + , 3⁢𝐾 + , 𝜋 + ⁢𝜋 + ⁢𝐾 + , and 𝐾 + ⁢𝐾 + ⁢𝜋 + systems. These are determined for total angular momentum 𝐽 𝑃 = 0 − , 1 + , and 2 − . We also obtain accurate results for 2⁢𝜋 + , 𝜋 + ⁢𝐾 + , and 2⁢𝐾 + phase shifts. We compare our results to chiral perturbation theory and to phenomenological fits.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2026

Baryon–antibaryon photoproduction cross sections off the proton

The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab has observed 𝑝⁢$\overline{p}$ and, for the first time, Λ$\overlineΛ$ and 𝑝$\overlineΛ$ photoproduction from a proton target at photon energies up to 11.6 GeV. The angular distributions are forward peaked for all produced pairs, consistent with Regge-like 𝑡-channel exchange. Asymmetric wide-angle antibaryon distributions show the presence of additional processes. In a phenomenological model, we find consistency with a double-𝑡-channel exchange process where antibaryons are created only at the middle vertex. The model matches all observed distributions with a small number of free parameters. In the hyperon channels, we observe a clear distinction between photoproduction of the Λ$\overlineΛ$ and 𝑝$\overlineΛ$ systems but general similarity to the 𝑝$\overline{p}$ system. We report both total cross sections and cross sections differential with respect to momentum transfer and the invariant masses of the created particle pairs. No narrow resonant structures were found in these reaction channels. The suppression of 𝑠$\overline{s}$ quark pairs relative to 𝑑$\overline{d}$ quark pairs is similar to what has been seen in other reactions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Baryon-baryon, meson-meson, and meson-baryon interactions in nonrelativistic QCD

Van der Waals potentials describing interactions between color-singlet mesons and/or baryons vanish at leading order in potential nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (pNRQCD). This result and constraints from Gauss’s law are used to prove that weakly coupled pNRQCD van der Waals potentials in generic non-Abelian gauge theories with only heavy quarks are too weak to form bound states whose color state is a product of color singlets. Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of four, five, and six quarks with equal masses provide numerical evidence that exotic color configurations are higher energy than products of color-singlet hadrons, suggesting that equal-mass fully heavy tetraquark, pentaquark, and hexaquark bound states do not exist at next-to-leading order in pNRQCD and at all orders in QCD-like theories in which all quark masses are asymptotically large. Mechanisms for generating hadron-hadron bound states are identified, which necessarily involve large quark-mass hierarchies, relativistic effects arising from the presence of sufficiently light quarks, or nonperturbative effects outside the scope of weakly coupled pNRQCD.

Effective field theory↗
DOE OSTI2021

Examination of the universal behavior of the η-to-π 0 ratio in heavy-ion collisions

We demonstrate that the pT dependence of the η/π 0 ratio at midrapidity is universal within a few percent for high-energy p+p, p+A, and d+A collisions, over a broad range of collision energies. The η/π 0 ratio increases with p T up to 4 to 5 GeV/c where it saturates at a nearly constant value of 0.487±0.024. Above p T =5 GeV/c, the same constant value is also observed in A+A collisions independent of collision system, energy, and centrality. At lower p T , where accurate η/π 0 data are absent for A+A collisions, we estimate possible deviations from the universal behavior, which could arise due to the rapid radial hydrodynamic expansion of the A+A collision system. For A+A collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider we find that possible deviations are limited to the p T range from 0.4 to 3 GeV/c and remain less than 20% for the most central collisions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Observation of flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

This Letter reports on the first measurements of transverse momentum dependent flow angle Ψ n and flow magnitude v n fluctuations determined using new four-particle correlators. The measurements are performed for various centralities in Pb–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{S_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV with ALICE at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Both flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations are observed in the presented centrality ranges and are strongest in the most central collisions and for a transverse momentum p T > 2 GeV / c. Comparison with theoretical models, including iEBE-VISHNU, MUSIC, and AMPT, show that the measurements exhibit unique sensitivities to the initial state of heavy-ion collisions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Contribution from intrinsic charm production to fixed-target interactions with the SMOG Device at LHCb

Intrinsic charm, nonperturbative charm in the hadron wavefunction, has long been speculated but has never been satisfactorily proven. Open charm and 𝐽/𝜓 measurements in a fixed-target configuration at the LHCb searched for this contribution but reported no evidence. $\overline{D}$ meson and 𝐽/𝜓 production is calculated for the SMOG fixed-target configuration in the LHCb experiment using a combination of perturbative QCD and intrinsic charm to see whether intrinsic charm would indeed be observable in the SMOG kinematics. Open charm and 𝐽/𝜓 production is calculated to next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. Because a gas jet nuclear target is used, cold nuclear matter effects are included in the perturbative calculations. The intrinsic charm is calculated assuming production from a |𝑢⁢𝑢⁢𝑑⁢$\overline{c}$⁢$\rangle$ Fock state. The differential rapidity and transverse momentum distributions in 𝑝+Ne, 𝑝+He, and 𝑝+Ar fixed-target interactions are calculated in the SMOG acceptance and compared to data. The predicted asymmetries between $\overline{D}$ (leading charm) and 𝐷 (nonleading charm) are also shown. The contribution from intrinsic charm is small and decreases with center-of-mass energy. The calculations agree well with the current SMOG data, with or without intrinsic charm.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurement of inclusive 𝐽/𝜓 pair production cross section in 𝑝⁢𝑝 collisions at √𝑠=13 TeV

The production cross section of inclusive J/ψ pairs in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV is measured with ALICE. The measurement is performed for J/ψ in the rapidity interval 2.5 < y < 4.0 and for transverse momentum p T > 0. The production cross section of inclusive J/ψ pairs is reported to be 10.3 ±2.3(stat.) ±1.3(syst.) nb in this kinematic interval. The contribution from nonprompt J/ψ (i.e., originated from beauty-hadron decays) to the inclusive sample is evaluated. The effective double-parton scattering cross section is computed, neglecting the single-parton scattering contribution.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Higher-order correlations between different moments of two flow amplitudes in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV

The correlations between different moments of two flow amplitudes, extracted with the recently developed asymmetric cumulants, are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV recorded by the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The magnitudes of the measured observables show a dependence on the different moments as well as on the collision centrality, indicating the presence of nonlinear response in all even moments up to the eighth. Furthermore, the higher-order asymmetric cumulants show different signatures than the symmetric and lower-order asymmetric cumulants. Comparisons with state-of-the-art event generators using two different parametrizations obtained from Bayesian optimization show differences between data and simulations in many of the studied observables, indicating a need for further tuning of the models behind those event generators. These results provide new and independent constraints on the initial conditions and transport properties of the system created in heavy-ion collisions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

System-size dependence of the hadronic rescattering effect at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

The first measurements of K * ( 892 ) 0 resonance production as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in Xe-Xe collisions at s N N = 5.44 TeV and p p collisions at s = 5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector are presented. The resonance is reconstructed at midrapidity ( | y | < 0.5) using the hadronic decay channel K * 0 → K ± π ∓ . Measurements of transverse-momentum integrated yield, mean transverse-momentum, nuclear modification factor of K * 0 , and yield ratios of resonance to stable hadron ( K * 0 / K ) are compared across different collision systems ( p p , p -Pb, Xe-Xe, and Pb-Pb) at similar collision energies to investigate how the production of K * 0 resonances depends on the size of the system formed in these collisions. The hadronic rescattering effect is found to be independent of the size of colliding systems and mainly driven by the produced charged-particle multiplicity, which is a proxy of the volume of produced matter at the chemical freeze-out. In addition, the production yields of K * 0 in Xe-Xe collisions are utilized to constrain the dependence of the kinetic freeze-out temperature on the system size using the hadron resonance gas–partial chemical equilibrium model. ©2024 CERN, for the ALICE Collaboration 2024 CERN

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Femtoscopic correlations of identical charged pions and kaons in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with event-shape selection

Collective behavior has been observed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions for several decades. Collectivity is driven by the high particle multiplicities that are produced in these collisions. At the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), features of collectivity have also been seen in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions that can attain particle multiplicities comparable to peripheral Pb-Pb collisions. One of the possible signatures of collective behavior is the decrease of femtoscopic radii extracted from pion and kaon pairs emitted from high-multiplicity collisions with increasing pair transverse momentum. This decrease can be described in terms of an approximate transverse mass scaling. In the present work, femtoscopic analyses are carried out by the ALICE Collaboration on charged pion and kaon pairs produced in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13TeV from the LHC to study possible collectivity in pp collisions. The event-shape analysis method based on transverse sphericity is used to select for spherical versus jetlike events, and the effects of this selection on the femtoscopic radii for both charged pion and kaon pairs are studied. This is the first time this selection method has been applied to charged kaon pairs. An approximate transverse-mass scaling of the radii is found in all multiplicity ranges studied when the difference in the Lorentz boost for pions and kaons is taken into account. This observation does not support the hypothesis of collective expansion of hot and dense matter that should only occur in high-multiplicity events. A possible alternate explanation of the present results is based on a scenario of common emission conditions for pions and kaons in pp collisions for the multiplicity ranges studied.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗