CONCEPT FOR A MANNED MARS EXPEDITION WITH ELECTRICALLY PROPELLED VEHICLES
Design requirements for a fleet of electrically propelled vehicles for a manned mars expedition, in view of crew safety and mission success
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Design requirements for a fleet of electrically propelled vehicles for a manned mars expedition, in view of crew safety and mission success
Mars environmental measurements in support of future manned landing expeditions
Leveling jack is a precise alignment tool which expedites the setup of components or assemblies up to 2500 pounds on horizontal boring mills. This tool eliminates the necessity of wedges and blocks to shim the components to proper position.
History and logistics of 1965 airborne solar eclipse expedition operations
International Indian Ocean Expedition including studies in meteorology, geophysics, and mapping
Nuclear propulsion for manned Mars expedition, discussing engine and launch optimization, computer simulation, performance, trip times, velocity, weight, etc
Operation of three-frequency riometer system on NASA 711 aircraft during 1968 auroral expedition
Auroral spectrophotometer measurements from 1968 NASA airborne expedition, discussing oxygen and nitrogen spectral lines
Spectrophotometric results from NASA 1968 Airborne Auroral Expedition and tentative identification of several molecular nitrogen emission bands
The spectral features measured by a photometer onboard the Convair 990 Galileo, during the Auroral Expedition are given in tables. The measurements given cover flights 3 to 15.
The observations with a scanning spectrometer and a single channel photometer, in the wavelength interval between 3100 and 6300 angstroms, are presented for the airborne auroral expedition in November and December 1969. The instrumentation and instrument calibration are described.
The instrumentation, calibration, and data observations of the NASA airborne auroral expedition during November and December 1969 are discussed. The observed data are tabulated along with graphical illustrations of various data correlations.
The analysis of the 1969 airborne expedition data is centered around two main topics: dayside auroral characteristics and hydroxial airglow variations. Some of the conclusions drawn from the analysis include the following: (1) The midday sector of the auroral oval is bound on the equatorward side by a region of greater than or = to 3 keV electrons. (2) The dayside oval is associated with the cusp region in the magnetosphere which has particle energies usually less than or = to 1 keV and lambda 6300 (OI)/lambda 4278 N2(+) ratios 10. (3) Discrete earth-sun aligned auroras appear in the polar cap just poleward of the oval superimposed on a 1 keV particle energy background. (4) The discrete earth-sun aligned auroras seen in the open field line region on the dayside have a similar appearance to some rayed auroras seen on the nightside both in terms of charactertistic particle energy spectra as well as visual appearance. (5) Airglow OH measurements show no appreciable change with latitude or longitude but do show diurnal changes. Two types of enhancements are observed: one associated with visible aurora, and the other uncorrelated with visible aurora.
Data collected by the CV-990 aircraft on two auroral expeditions are reported. Two problems, (1) coordinated auroral particle and optical observations, and (2) substorm effects in auroral spectra, were studied.
Results of a methodical compilation, reduction, and correlated analysis of spectrophotometric data obtained by various scientific groups during NASA's 1968 and 1969 Airborne Auroral Expedition are presented.
Auroral optical measurements made aboard NASA's CV 990 were analyzed. The measurements analyzed form a small part of extensive spectroscopic, photometric and photographic data gathered during the 1968 and 1969 Airborne Auroral Expeditions. Simultaneous particle measurements from ESRO IA satellite were used in the analysis. Information about magnetospheric boundaries, interaction between magnetosheath particles and the terrestrial ionosphere, the polar bulge in helium abundance and excitation mechanisms of the triplet state of atmospheric N2 in auroras was obtained. Further analysis of the data is required to elucidate the relation between 3466 and 5200 A emissions of NI and the excitation of 3726-3729 A emissions from atomic oxygen ions in auroras.
The Viking spacecraft, operations, and findings are reviewed and numerous pictures are presented in an attempt to capture the atmosphere of the Viking expedition. The details of the two Viking spacecraft, each consisting of an orbiter and lander combination launched a Titan III/Centaur are described and illustrated, along with the Viking ground-data and communications system. The principal conclusions of the Viking mission to date are: detection of nitrogen, argon, krypton, and xenon; determination of isotopic ratios of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and argon; uniform diurnal meteorological conditions; determination of major elemental abundances; complex surface chemistry; no ubiquitous organic material; 4 to 7% of the sampled surface material is magnetic; discovery of ancient extensive fluvial activity; north permanent polar cap made of water ice; and significant variations of the atmospheric water vapor, the summer hemisphere being much more humid than the winter hemisphere.
Absolute intensity measurements of the (8, 6) OH band obtained during 10 flights of the December 1969 NASA Auroral Airborne Expedition are presented. Nightglow intensities higher by a factor of 2 than the usual values are recorded during flights 8, 14, and 15. The OH variations are compared with the evolution of the green line and O2(1 Delta g) emissions measured by other experimenters on board the aircraft. Before sunrise the twilight variations of OH down to a solar depression angle of 5 deg show a rapid decrease. A theoretical prediction of the OH, O I 5577 A, and O2(1 Delta g) emissions is evaluated by means of an extensive time-dependent oxygen-hydrogen model of the 25- to 150-km region. Twilight decrease of the OH emission is interpreted in terms of mesospheric ozone photodissociation. Nighttime variations of the emissions may be reproduced if modifications of the dynamic regime are introduced into the model.