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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS2012

NASA Tech Briefs, November 2012

The topics include: Visual System for Browsing, Analysis, and Retrieval of Data (ViSBARD); Time-Domain Terahertz Computed Axial Tomography NDE System; Adaptive Sampling of Time Series During Remote Exploration; A Tracking Sun Photometer Without Moving Parts; Surface Temperature Data Analysis; Modular, Autonomous Command and Data Handling Software with Built-In Simulation and Test; In-Situ Wire Damage Detection System; Amplifier Module for 260-GHz Band Using Quartz Waveguide Transitions; Wideband Agile Digital Microwave Radiometer; Buckyball Nucleation of HiPco Tubes; FACT, Mega-ROSA, SOLAROSA; An Integrated, Layered-Spinel Composite Cathode for Energy Storage Applications; Engineered Multifunctional Surfaces for Fluid Handling; Polyolefin-Based Aerogels; Adjusting Permittivity by Blending Varying Ratios of SWNTs; Gravity-Assist Mechanical Simulator for Outreach; Concept for Hydrogen-Impregnated Nanofiber/Photovoltaic Cargo Stowage System; DROP: Durable Reconnaissance and Observation Platform; Developing Physiologic Models for Emergency Medical Procedures Under Microgravity; Spectroscopic Chemical Analysis Methods and Apparatus; Low Average Sidelobe Slot Array Antennas for Radiometer Applications; Motion-Corrected 3D Sonic Anemometer for Tethersondes and Other Moving Platforms; Water Treatment Systems for Long Spaceflights; Microchip Non-Aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis (MicronNACE) Method to Analyze Long-Chain Primary Amines; Low-Cost Phased Array Antenna for Sounding Rockets, Missiles, and Expendable Launch Vehicles; Mars Science Laboratory Engineering Cameras; Seismic Imager Space Telescope; Estimating Sea Surface Salinity and Wind Using Combined Passive and Active L-Band Microwave Observations; A Posteriori Study of a DNS Database Describing Super critical Binary-Species Mixing; Scalable SCPPM Decoder; QuakeSim 2.0; HURON (HUman and Robotic Optimization Network) Multi-Agent Temporal Activity Planner/Scheduler; MPST Software: MoonKommand

Source record↗

NASA NTRS2003

Task switching and response correspondence in the psychological refractory period paradigm

Three experiments examined the effects of task switching and response correspondence in a psychological refractory period paradigm. A letter task (vowel-consonant) and a digit task (odd-even) were combined to form 4 possible dual-task pairs in each trial: letter-letter, letter-digit, digit-digit, and digit-letter. Foreknowledge of task transition (repeat or switch) and task identity (letter or digit) was varied across experiments: no foreknowledge in Experiment 1, partial foreknowledge (task transition only) in Experiment 2, and full foreknowledge in Experiment 3. For all experiments, the switch cost for Task 2 was additive with stimulus onset asynchrony, and the response-correspondence effect for Task 2 was numerically smaller in the switch condition than in the repeat condition. These outcomes suggest that reconfiguration for Task 2 takes place after the central processing of Task 1 and that the crosstalk correspondence effect is due to response activation by way of stimulus-response associations.

Cognition↗

NASA NTRS1980

Propulsion controls

Increased system requirements and functional integration with the aircraft have placed an increased demand on control system capability and reliability. To provide these at an affordable cost and weight and because of the rapid advances in electronic technology, hydromechanical systems are being phased out in favor of digital electronic systems. The transition is expected to be orderly from electronic trimming of hydromechanical controls to full authority digital electronic control. Future propulsion system controls will be highly reliable full authority digital electronic with selected component and circuit redundancy to provide the required safety and reliability. Redundancy may include a complete backup control of a different technology for single engine applications. The propulsion control will be required to communicate rapidly with the various flight and fire control avionics as part of an integrated control concept.

Harkney, R. D.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Water resource recovery modelling 2021 (WRRmod2021 conference)

Our society is transitioning fast into the digital age, spurred by development of cheap and new sensing technology, breakthroughs in computing, and development of efficient algorithms for optimization. This transition is also visible in the field of wastewater treatment and is driving new model developments, especially by exploiting the large data sets available with many utilities. Not surprisingly, WRRmod2021 had featured a strong session on ‘data-driven models and digitalization’ focused on this hot topic. At the same time, engineering practice calls for more robust models for performance evaluation and optimization of both conventional facilities and innovative processes. As a result, the WRRmod2021 program also exhibited sessions on modelling of new process units (e.g., aerobic granular sludge), modelling of the nitrogen cycle, and integrated/plant-wide modelling.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2023

An integrated data management and informatics framework for continuous drug product manufacturing processes: A case study on two pilot plants

The pharmaceutical industry continuously looks for ways to improve its development and manufacturing efficiency. In recent years, such efforts have been driven by the transition from batch to continuous manufacturing and digitalization in process development. To facilitate this transition, integrated data management and informatics tools need to be developed and implemented within the framework of Industry 4.0 technology. Here, in this regard, the work aims to guide the data integration development of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing processes under the Industry 4.0 framework, improving digital maturity and enabling the development of digital twins. This paper demonstrates two instances where a data integration framework has been successfully employed in academic continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing pilot plants. Details of the integration structure and information flows are comprehensively showcased. Approaches to mitigate concerns in incorporating complex data streams, including integrating multiple process analytical technology tools and legacy equipment, connecting cloud data and simulation models, and safeguarding cyber-physical security, are discussed. Critical challenges and opportunities for practical considerations are highlighted.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2022

Development of an end state vision to implement digital monitoring in nuclear plants

Transitioning from an onsite Maintenance & Diagnostics Center to cloud-based services offers many new opportunities with computing power and storage, but also new challenges in terms of networking and security. This report will cover everything required for that transition including data processing and uploading to cloud services, feature selection, model creation, and result visualization for decision making. Although there are several other cloud-based services (e.g. Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud), this report explores Microsoft Azure to simplify nomenclature and maintain a consistent focus. Many of the services offered by Microsoft Azure are also available in the other cloud-based services, and their differences have been recorded in other literature. The Azure services most important to a nuclear power plant including networking & security, storage & databases, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are reviewed here. Networking covers all aspects related to communication to Azure resources including security, privacy, and redundancy. Storage & databases includes data storage, upgrading, patching, backups, and monitoring. The AI services allows the user access to the machine learning (ML) techniques developed with Azure including automated ML, anomaly detection, computer vision, and natural language processing. This report summaries the features, capabilities, and challenges when using cloud-based services in a user-friendly manner.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2023

Sensitivity and Importance Measure Analyses for Various Design Architectures for High Safety-Significant Safety-Related Digital Instrumentation and Control Systems of Nuclear Power Plants

A transition from analog instrumentation and control (I&C) technologies to digital I&C technologies is taking place for license renewals of existing nuclear power plants and for operating licenses of new advanced reactors. This transition necessitates research on risk and economic assessments of digital I&C technologies to ensure the long-term safety and reliability of vital systems, reduce uncertainty in licensing costs in addition to timeline, support integration of digital I&C systems in the plant, and find the most efficient technology upgrades. Adding redundancy within systems or components is a common means of improving design safety; however, it can also make designs more prone to common-cause failures (CCFs). Introducing diversity into redundant systems or components is a way to mitigate and possibly eliminate CCFs, but it also increases plant complexity and may be costly. The balance between redundancy and diversity remains a challenge for digital I&C systems. This study performs sensitivity and importance analyses for four design architectures of two digital I&C systems—the reactor-trip system and the engineered safety features actuation system. For each system, two architectures are examined, including a redundant, non-diverse configuration and a redundant, diverse configuration. The sensitivity analysis will provide insights on the impact of introducing diversity to system reliability. The importance results will help identify risk-significant and risk-sensitive components and failure modes, which may be good candidates for future design improvement.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

NASA NTRS2011

Fingerprinted circuits and methods of making and identifying the same

A circuit having a fingerprint for identification of a particular instantiation of the circuit is disclosed. The circuit may include a plurality of digital circuits or gates. Each of the digital circuits or gates is responsive to a configuration voltage applied to its analog input for controlling whether or not the digital circuit or gate performs its intended digital function and each of the digital circuits or gates transitioning between its functional state and its at least one other state when the configuration voltage equals a boundary voltage. The boundary voltage varies between different instantiations of the circuit for a majority of the digital circuits or gates and these differing boundary voltages serving to identify (or fingerprint) different instantiations of the same circuit.

Ferguson, Michael Ian↗

NASA NTRS2012

Fingerprinted circuits and methods of making and identifying the same

Ferguson, Michael Ian↗

NASA NTRS2008

Advanced IR System For Supersonic Boundary Layer Transition Flight Experiment

Infrared thermography is a preferred method investigating transition in flight: a) Global and non-intrusive; b) Can also be used to visualize and characterize other fluid mechanic phenomena such as shock impingement, separation etc. F-15 based system was updated with new camera and digital video recorder to support high Reynolds number transition tests. Digital Recording improves image quality and analysis capability and allows for accurate quantitative (temperature) measurements and greater enhancement through image processing allows analysis of smaller scale phenomena.

Banks, Daniel W.↗

DOE OSTI2023

An Observed Transition of Galaxy Spins on Void Surfaces

In linear theory, the galaxy angular momentum vectors that originate from initial tidal interactions with surrounding matter distribution intrinsically develop perpendicular alignments with the directions of maximum matter compression, regardless of galaxy mass. In simulations, however, galaxy spins exhibit parallel alignments in the mass range lower than a certain threshold, which depends on redshift, web type, and background cosmology. We show that the observed three-dimensional spins of the spiral galaxies located on the void surfaces from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey indeed transit from perpendicular to parallel alignments with the directions toward the nearest void centers at the threshold zone, 9.51 $\leqslant$ log[M th,$\star$ /(h -1 M ⊙ )] $\leqslant$ 10.03. This study presents the first direct observational evidence for the occurrence of mass-dependent spin transition of real galaxies with respect to non-filamentary structures of the cosmic web, opening a way to constrain the initial conditions of the early universe by measuring the spin transition threshold.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Thermalization and criticality on an analogue–digital quantum simulator

Abstract Understanding how interacting particles approach thermal equilibrium is a major challenge of quantum simulators 1,2 . Unlocking the full potential of such systems towards this goal requires flexible initial state preparation, precise time evolution and extensive probes for final state characterization. Here we present a quantum simulator comprising 69 superconducting qubits that supports both universal quantum gates and high-fidelity analogue evolution, with performance beyond the reach of classical simulation in cross-entropy benchmarking experiments. This hybrid platform features more versatile measurement capabilities compared with analogue-only simulators, which we leverage here to reveal a coarsening-induced breakdown of Kibble–Zurek scaling predictions 3 in theXYmodel, as well as signatures of the classical Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition 4 . Moreover, the digital gates enable precise energy control, allowing us to study the effects of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis 5–7 in targeted parts of the eigenspectrum. We also demonstrate digital preparation of pairwise-entangled dimer states, and image the transport of energy and vorticity during subsequent thermalization in analogue evolution. These results establish the efficacy of superconducting analogue–digital quantum processors for preparing states across many-body spectra and unveiling their thermalization dynamics.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗

DOE OSTI2023

Using long‐term data from a whole ecosystem warming experiment to identify best spring and autumn phenology models

Abstract Predicting vegetation phenology in response to changing environmental factors is key in understanding feedbacks between the biosphere and the climate system. Experimental approaches extending the temperature range beyond historic climate variability provide a unique opportunity to identify model structures that are best suited to predicting phenological changes under future climate scenarios. Here, we model spring and autumn phenological transition dates obtained from digital repeat photography in a boreal Picea ‐ Sphagnum bog in response to a gradient of whole ecosystem warming manipulations of up to +9°C, using five years of observational data. In spring, seven equally best‐performing models for Larix utilized the accumulation of growing degree days as a common driver for temperature forcing. For Picea , the best two models were sequential models requiring winter chilling before spring forcing temperature is accumulated. In shrub, parallel models with chilling and forcing requirements occurring simultaneously were identified as the best models. Autumn models were substantially improved when a CO 2 parameter was included. Overall, the combination of experimental manipulations and multiple years of observations combined with variation in weather provided the framework to rule out a large number of candidate models and to identify best spring and autumn models for each plant functional type.

Schädel, Christina↗

NASA NTRS1980

System architecture study of an orbital GPS user terminal

The generic RF and applications processing requirements for a GPS orbital navigator are considered. A line of demarcation between dedicated analog hardware, and software/processor implementation, maximizing the latter is discussed. A modular approach to R/PA design which permits several varieties of receiver to be constructed from basic components is described. It is a basic conclusion that software signal processing of the output of the baseband correlator is the best choice of transition from analog to digital signal processing. High performance sets requiring multiple channels are developed from a generic design by replicating the RF processing segment, and modifying the applications software to provide enhanced state propagation and estimation.

Martin, D. P.↗

DOE OSTI2026

Validating Protection System Behavior with Machine Learning in a Master State Overseer

As power system protection devices continue the widespread transition from analog to digital, they become increasingly intricate. The internal functions and communication between critical grid components must now be significantly more complex to keep up with the demands of the modern smart grid. This brings increased difficulty in maintenance and monitoring, making it harder to identify potential misoperation, power anomalies, and cyber threats. Such issues are often only pinpointed after an exhaustive and costly post-mortem analysis, when a major outage or damage has already occurred. A solution is needed for validating protection systems as they operate, independently evaluating grid state and confirming whether the protection system is behaving accordingly. As opposed to incident response, this acts as a constant verification mechanism that raises a flag when subtler issues are noticed, catching them earlier and preventing larger incidents. This work presents the implementation of such a system, expanding on the prototype developed by the authors in a previous paper. This is accomplished with a machine learning (ML) system capable of validating the performance of protection systems by classifying anomalous events and characterizing protection system responses based solely on available current and voltage measurements. Additionally, this system is contextualized within a larger, modular Master State awareness Overseer (MSO) framework, responsible for monitoring, analyzing, and managing an electric grid.

24 - POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

NASA NTRS1983

Flight test validation of a design procedure for digital autopilots

Commercially available general aviation autopilots are currently in transition from an analogue circuit system to a computer implemented digital flight control system. Well known advantages of the digital autopilot include enhanced modes, self-test capacity, fault detection, and greater computational capacity. A digital autopilot's computational capacity can be used to full advantage by increasing the sophistication of the digital autopilot's chief function, stability and control. NASA's Langley Research Center has been pursuing the development of direct digital design tools for aircraft stabilization systems for several years. This effort has most recently been directed towards the development and realization of multi-mode digital autopilots for GA aircraft, conducted under a SPIFR-related program called the General Aviation Terminal Operations Research (GATOR) Program. This presentation focuses on the implementation and testing of a candidate multi-mode autopilot designed using these newly developed tools.

Bryant, W. H.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Measurement of the J = 0-1 rotational transitions of three isotopes of ArD(+)

The rotational transitions of all three isotopic species of ArD(+) in samples containing the Ar isotopes in their natural abundances have been measured by means of millimeter and submillimeter techniques that employ a magnetically enhanced abnormal glow discharge. All three transition frequency measurements were made from digitally averaged signals detected through a lock-in amplifier with a 10-msec time constant. The Ar-4OD(+) transition was easily visible in real time on an oscilloscope with SNR of about 15. It is noted that the observed transition of Ar-38D(+) is more than five orders of magnitude weaker than that due to HCO(+).

Bowman, W. C.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Automatic flare transition penetrating wind shears

In this paper, the development of a digital three-dimensional automatic control law designated to achieve an optimal transition of a large commercial aircraft between the glideslope conditions and the desired final touchdown condition is presented. The linearized equations representing the perturbed motion of the aircraft from the nominal glideslope trajectory are presented. A method of incorporating the spatial, low-level wind shears into these perturbed equations of motion is indicated. It is shown that the system equations then assume the familiar form of the linear regulator problem, acted upon by a constant disturbance. A design procedure is presented to compute a digital, time-invariant, optimal control law for the discrete regulator problem acted upon by a constant disturbance. The response trajectories presented demonstrate the capability of this controller to perform optimal flare maneuvers in the presence of various wind shear conditions.

Nadkarni, A. A.↗