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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2023

Using Dome Concordia to Characterize the Long-Term Stability of VIIRS Thermal Emissive Bands

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instruments aboard the Suomi NPP and NOAA-20 spacecraft have successfully provided Earth image products since 2011 and 2017, respectively. Maintaining accurate radiometric calibration and calibration consistency between the two sensors is a necessity for the continued quality of long-term data records. In this work, the use of frequent VIIRS measurements of brightness temperature over the area surrounding Dome Concordia (Dome C), Antarctica (75.1 °S, 123.4°E) to track the long-term stability of its thermal emissive bands (TEB) is presented. The extremely dry, cold, and rarefied atmosphere of the site makes it ideal to track and detect long-term changes in the TEB responses via analysis of near-nadir and off-nadir VIIRS overpasses in reference to the surface temperature measurements provided by an automated weather station (AWS). Multi-year Dome C measurements have been used to assess the stability of the VIIRS response-versus-scan-angle (RVS) of the half-angle-mirror (HAM), derived from prelaunch characterization, and detector differences at multiple scan angles. Also, included in this work is the RVS stability assessments using the Dome C overpasses. The methodology developed via this work will also be applied to the recently launched VIIRS instrument onboard the NOAA-21 satellite (previously JPSS-2) in the future.

Amit Angal↗
NASA NTRS2015

Validation of S-NPP VIIRS Day-Night Band and M Bands Performance Using Ground Reference Targets of Libya 4 and Dome C

This paper provides methodologies developed and implemented by the NASA VIIRS Calibration Support Team (VCST) to validate the S-NPP VIIRS Day-Night band (DNB) and M bands calibration performance. The Sensor Data Records produced by the Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) and NASA Land Product Evaluation and Algorithm Testing Element (PEATE) are acquired nearly nadir overpass for Libya 4 desert and Dome C snow surfaces. In the past 3.5 years, the modulated relative spectral responses (RSR) change with time and lead to 3.8% increase on the DNB sensed solar irradiance and 0.1% or less increases on the M4-M7 bands. After excluding data before April 5th, 2013, IDPS DNB radiance and reflectance data are consistent with Land PEATE data with 0.6% or less difference for Libya 4 site and 2% or less difference for Dome C site. These difference are caused by inconsistent LUTs and algorithms used in calibration. In Libya 4 site, the SCIAMACHY spectral and modulated RSR derived top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance are compared with Land PEATE TOA reflectance and they indicate a decrease of 1.2% and 1.3%, respectively. The radiance of Land PEATE DNB are compared with the simulated radiance from aggregated M bands (M4, M5, and M7). These data trends match well with 2% or less difference for Libya 4 site and 4% or less difference for Dome C. This study demonstrate the consistent quality of DNB and M bands calibration for Land PEATE products during operational period and for IDPS products after April 5th, 2013.

radiance↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Evaluation of Aqua MODIS and S-NPP VIIRS Thermal Emissive Bands Calibration Stability Using Dome-C

Establishing the calibration consistency between satellite measurements is an essential step in the implementation of a long-term global monitoring plan, which often leads to sensor calibration improvements. The Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is a polar-orbiting Earth remote sensing instrument built with a strong Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) heritage. The center wavelengths of all VIIRS thermal emissive bands (TEBs) match well with those of MODIS with the exception of VIIRS TEB M15 (10.7μm). Previous work from the MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) at the NASA/GSFC used specific Earth surface targets to track the long-term consistency,stability, and relative bias between the two MODIS instruments onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Using similar methodologies, this paper evaluates the TEB calibration consistency between the MODIS instruments and S-NPP VIIRS over Dome Concordia (Dome-C). The Dome-C site is uniformly snow-covered and the atmospheric effects are small in the surrounding area. Near-surface air temperature measurements from an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) are used as a reference to track each sensor’s calibration stability and determine the relative bias between the MODIS and VIIRS instruments. The results of this study provide a quantitative assessment of the S-NPP VIIRS TEB mission-long performance.

MODIS↗
NASA NTRS2023

A Surface Radiation Balance Data Set from Siple Dome in West Antarctica for Atmospheric and Climate Model Evaluation

A field campaign at Siple Dome in West Antarctica during the austral summer 2019-2020 offers an opportunity to evaluate climate model performance, particularly cloud microphysical simulation. Over Antarctic ice sheets and ice shelves, clouds are a major regulator of the surface energy balance, and in the warm season their presence occasionally induces surface melt that can gradually weaken an ice shelf structure. This dataset from Siple Dome, obtained using transportable and solar-poweredequipment, includes surface energy balance measurements, meteorology and cloud remote sensing. To demonstrate how these data can be used to evaluate model performance, comparisons are made with meteorological reanalysis known to give generally good performance over Antarctica (ERA5). Surface albedo measurements show expected variability with observed cloud amount, and can be used to evaluate a model's snowpack parameterization. One case study discussed involves a squall with northerly winds, during which ERA5 fails to produce cloud cover throughout one of the days. A second case study illustrates how shortwave spectroradiometer measurements that encompass the 1.6-micron atmospheric window reveal cloud phase transitions associated with cloud lifecycle. Here, continuously precipitating mixed-phase clouds become mainly liquid water clouds from local morning through the afternoon, not reproduced by ERA5. We challenge researchers to run their various regional or global models in a manner that has the large-scale meteorology follow the conditions of this field campaign, compare cloud and radiation simulations with this Siple Dome dataset, and potentially investigate why cloud microphysical simulations or other model components might produce discrepancies with these observations.

cloud remote sensing↗
DOE OSTI2025

GDE-55115 Rev 1 Dome Scheduling Application

This document describes how a reactor developer applies for time in the Demonstration of Microreactor Experiments (DOME) facility. It also describes how applications are evaluated to develop the annual and outyear DOME schedule. The application process assumes that testing in DOME is funded by the applicant, and may be superseded by government-funded projects to accommodate government priorities.

21 - SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLAN↗
DOE OSTI2026

High magnetic field response of superconductivity dome in quantum artificial high−⁢𝑇 𝐶 superlattices with variable geometry

It is known that cuprate artificial high-𝑇 𝐶 superlattices (AHTS) with period 𝑑, composed of quantum wells confining interface space charge in stoichiometric Mott insulator layers (𝑆), with thickness 𝐿, at the interface with overdoped normal metallic cuprate layers (𝑁) show a superconducting dome by tuning the geometric 𝐿 over 𝑑 ratio of the SNSN superlattice with the top predicted by quantum material design engineering quantum size effects. Here we report high-field magnetotransport measurements up to 41 Tesla of AHTS across the entire superconducting dome. The results show the universal upward-concave behavior of the temperature-dependent upper critical magnetic field in low-𝑇 𝐶 samples at the rising edge and drop edge of the dome, providing strong evidence consistent with two-band superconductivity in agreement with multigap theory used for quantum design of the SNSN superlattices. The measured superconducting coherence length demonstrates that atomic-scale engineering controls not only the critical temperature but also the intrinsic pair size at Fano-Feshbach resonances physics paving the way toward next-generation quantum devices and shedding light on unconventional superconductivity.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
NASA NTRS1980

Lunar mare domes - Classification and modes of origin

In this paper, lunar mare domes (LMDs) are classified according to morphologic and morphometric (primarily diameter) characteristics, and consideration is given to their origin and role in lunar surface processes. In general, they occur either as low, flat, circular structures with convex shapes, slopes less than about 5 deg, and display summit craters, or as irregular structures often adjacent to highland regions and rarely containing summit craters. It is found that LMDs originate through extrusion of lavas through vents to produce low lava shields, or through flooding and draping of preexisting topography to produce kipukas and irregular domes. Smooth, vent-related mare domes range from about 3-17 km in diameter and up to several hundred meters in elevation; they are similar in morphology to small terrestrial lava shields.

Head, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Small domes on Venus - Probable analogs of Icelandic lava shields

On the basis of observed shapes and volumetric estimates, small, dome-like features on radar images of Venus are interpreted to be analogs of Icelandic lava-shield volcanoes. Morphometric data for Venusian domes in Aubele and Slyuta as well as measurements of representative dome volumes and areas from Tethus Regio are used to demonstrate that the characteristic aspect ratios and flank slopes of these features are consistent with a subclass of low Icelandic lava-shield volcanoes (LILS).

Garvin, James B.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Intrusive and extrusive growth of the Mount St Helens lava dome

High-resolution, digital topographic maps of the Mount St. Helens dome derived from aerial photographs are used here to make a quantitative assessment of the partitioning of magma into endogenous intrusion and exogenous lobes. The endogenous growth is found to be predictable, which shows that the cooling dome controls its own development independently of such deep-seated factors as magma overpressure and extrusion rate. The observed regular decrease in exogenous growth rate also allows volume prediction. Knowledge of the volume can be used to determine when an ongoing eruptive event should end. Finally, the observed transition from predominantly exogenous to predominantly endogenous growth reflects the increase in crust thickness, which in turn seems to depend on long repose periods rather than some fundamental change in the character of the dome.

Fink, Jonathan H.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Internal ballistics model update for ASRM dome

A previous report (no. 5-32279, contract NAS8-36955, DO 51) describes the measures taken to adapt the NASA Complex Burning Region Model and code so that is was applicable to the Advanced Solid Rocket Motor as envisioned at that time. The code so modified was called the CBRM-A. CBRM-A could calculate the port volume and burning area for the star, transition, and cylindrically perforated regions of the motor. Described here is a subsequent effort to add computation of port volume and burning area for the Advanced Solid Rocket Motor head dome. Sample output, input, and overview of the models are included. The software was configured in two forms - a stand alone head dome code and a code integrating the head dome solution with the CBRM-A.

Bowden, Mark H.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Radar scattering properties of pancakelike domes on Venus

Magellan radar images have disclosed the presence of a large number of almost perfectly circular domes, presumably of volcanic origin, in many regions of Venus several with diameters of 30 km or more. Their high degree of symmetry has permitted measurements of their shape, as determined by the Magellan altimeter to be compared with models of dome production from the eruption of high-viscosity magmas. In this work, we examine in detail the radar images of domes in Rusalka Planitia (2.8 deg S, 150.9 deg E) and Tinatin Planitia (12.2 deg N, 7.5 deg E), selected for their circular symmetry and apparent absence of modification due to large-scale slumping or tectonic rifting.

Ford, P. G.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Central pit and dome craters - Exposing the interiors of Ganymede and Callisto

Central pit craters on Ganymede and Callisto are an unusual crater class, perhaps related to the unusual properties of water ice. The domes and pits form rapidly, on the time scale of the impact itself, rather than by long-term, post-impact intrusion or extrusion. The bright domes in pit craters are most simply explained as the uplift and exposure of relatively ice-rich material from depths of approximately 3.5 to 5 km during impact. The unusual pit morphology on icy satellites may be the result of impact into crust that is mechanically much weaker at shallow depth than on rocky bodies such as the moon. Because crater morphology is strongly dependent on ice-rock composition, the similarity of pit and dome dimensions on Ganymede and Callisto indicates that the structure and rheology of the crusts of these bodies are very similar, and have been for several billion years. Pit crater morphology indicates that the crusts of both satellites are probably ice-rich and differentiated.

Schenk, Paul M.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Characterization of the Marquez Dome buried impact crater using gravity and magnetic data

The buried impact crater, Marquez Dome, located in Leon County in east central Texas, is an approximately 15 km diameter structure whose central uplift is now partially exposed due to headward erosion of the post-impact cover. The central uplift is approximately 3 km in diameter and the rocks within it have been uplifted more than 1200 m above their regional level. The crater rim remains buried and previous attempts to determine its location have had to rely on seismic reflection data and geologic well logs. These attempts have been somewhat successful in mapping the extent of the disturbed zone around Marquez Dome, but more limited in their ability to image the shallow buried rim. In an attempt to define accurately the whole Marquez Dome structure and assist in the selection of drilling sites, a geophysical investigation involving gravity and magnetic data over the central uplift and the surrounding area has been undertaken.

Wong, A. M.↗
NASA NTRS1995

The unique radar scattering properties of silicic lava flows and domes

Silicic (silica-rich) lava flows, such as rhyolite, rhyodacite, and dacite, possess unique physical properties primarily because of the relatively high viscosity of the molten lava. Silicic flows tend to be thicker than basaltic flows, and the resulting large-scale morphology is typically a steep-sided dome or flow lobe, with aspect ratios (height/length) sometimes approaching unity. The upper surfaces of silicic domes and flows are normally emplaced as relatively cool, brittle slabs that fracture as they are extruded from the central vent areas, and are then rafted away toward the flow margin as a brittle carapace above a more ductile interior layer. This mode of emplacement results in a surface with unique roughness characteristics, which can be well-characterized by multiparameter synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations. In this paper, we examine the scattering properties of several silicic domes in the Inyo volcanic chain in the Eastern Sierra of California, using AIRSAR and TOPSAR data. Field measurements of intermediate-scale (cm to tens of m) surface topography and block size are used to assess the mechanisms of the scattering process, and to quantify the unique roughness characteristics of the flow surfaces.

Plaut, Jeffrey J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Radially fractured domes: A comparison of Venus and the Earth

Radially fractured domes are large, tectonic and topographic features discovered on the surface of Venus by the Magellan spacecraft. They are thought to be due to uplift over mantle diapirism, and to date are known to occur only on Venus. Since Venus and the Earth are grossly similar in size, composition and structure, we seek to understand why these features have not been seen on the Earth. We model the uplift and fracturing over a mantle diapir as functions of lithospheric thickness and diapir size and depth. We find that lithospheres of the same thickness on the Earth and Venus should respond similarly to the same sized diapir, and that radially fractured domes should form most readily in thin oceanic lithospheres on Earth if diapiric activity is similar on the two planets. However, our current knowledge of the Earth's oceanic floors is insufficient to confirm or deny the presence of radially fractured domes. We compute the expected dimensions for these features on the Earth and suggest a search for them to determine whether mantle diapirism operates similarly on the Earth and Venus.

Janes, Daniel M.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Radar scattering properties of steep-sided domes on Venus

More than 100 quasi-circular steep-sided volcanic domes, with diameters ranging from 6 to 60 km, have been observed on the surface of Venus by the Magellan radar mapper. Assuming that they have the shape of a solidified high-viscosity Newtonian fluid, their radar scattering properties can be studied in detail from Magellan images, since a typical radar swath resolves each dome into several tens of thousands of measurements of radar cross section at incidence angles varying fom 15 deg to 55 deg. Through examination of 20 domes in detail, it appears that many of those situated on lava plains scatter radar in a manner that is indistinguishable from that of the surrounding material, suggesting that either (1) they were formed of a relatively high-density high-viscosity material, e.g., andesite, rather than a lower-density one, e.g., rhyolite or dacite; or (2) that their surfaces share a common origin with those of their surroundings, e.g., through in situ weathering or aeolian deposition.

Ford, Peter G.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Design and Test of Low-Profile Composite Aerospace Tank Dome

This report summarizes the design, analysis, manufacture, and test of a subscale, low-profile composite aerospace dome under internal pressure. A low-profile dome has a radius-to-height ratio greater than the square root of two. This effort demonstrated that a low-profile composite dome with a radius-to-height ratio of three was a feasible design and could adequately withstand the varying stress states resulting from internal pressurization. Test data for strain and displacement versus pressure are provided to validate the design.

Ahmed, R.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Domes on Europa: The Role of Thermally Induced Compositional Diapirism

The surface of Europa is peppered by topographic domes, interpreted as sites of intrusion and extrusion. Diapirism is consistent with dome morphology, but thermal buoyancy alone cannot produce sufficient driving pressures to create the observed dome elevations. Instead, we suggest that diapirs may initiate by thermal convection that induces compositional segregation within Europa's ice shell. This double-diffusive convection scenario allows sufficient buoyancy for icy plumes to create the observed surface topography, if the ice shell has a very small effective elastic thickness (approximately 0.1 to 0.5 km) and contains low-eutectic-point impurities at the percent level. Thermal buoyancy, compositional buoyancy and double-diffusive convection are discussed.

Pappalardo, R. T.↗