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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2021

Social Bias in AI and its Implications

Previous studies have documented many different types of biases that exist in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) systems. We reviewed the literature on AI and ML bias with a focus on social implications and found that bias in AI and ML can potentially have harmful social impacts on individuals and/or groups of people. By affecting people differently according to characteristics such as race, gender, or sexual orientation, AI and ML systems may lead to harm by exacerbating social inequities. We recount examples of issues that have occurred in systems that use technology that might be used at NASA and elsewhere so that similar issues might be identified and mitigated in future systems. We also provide interested parties with a gateway into existing work on social bias in AI and ML systems.

artificial intelligence (AI)↗
DOE OSTI2026

Qualitative Risk Assessment of Legacy Wells within the Estimated Prairie State Generating Company Area of Review

This report details the digitization of a legacy wellbore database, including data processing assumptions, parameter estimation, and risk assessment methodology. The database, comprising 6,454 documents, was provided by ISGS. It includes valuable data from the Prairie State Generating Company (PSGC) and One Earth Energy (OEE) sites of the CarbonSAFE Phase III – Illinois Storage Corridor project. The report focuses on wells within a 15-mile radius from the Lively Grove #1 (LG#1) well at PSGC site, evaluating subsurface conditions and potential risks. A total of 4,386 wellbores within 15 miles of the LG#1 well were filtered based on depth and formation codes. LG#1 is the stratigraphic well at the PSGC site drilled in 2021. Ninety-four (94) wells penetrating the Maquoketa Shale Group (the primary confining unit) within the estimated area-of-review (AoR) for the PSGC site were evaluated using a qualitative risk assessment (QRA) methodology. The QRA developed by Arbad et al. 2022 focuses on legacy wells within the AoR and categorizes them based on well construction details. The QRA identifies wells that need immediate attention by categorizing them based on penetration depth and protection. Wells within the AoR were categorized into nine groups based on penetrations and protections. These categories range from Type 1 wells, with no documentation, to Type 9 wells, which do not penetrate the primary confining unit or storage reservoir (unit). Well accessibility within the AoR varies based on well status, including Dry & Abandoned (DA), Plugged & Abandoned (PA), Injection (INJ), Oil/Gas Producing (PROD), and Observation (Obs) wells. Accessibility levels were determined by well construction, with DA wells being the least accessible and Observation wells the most accessible, impacting gas leakage detection possibilities. Remedial action priority of wells decreases from Type 1 to Type 9 wells. Type 1 to Type 6 wells with status DA and PA require immediate attention, while Type 7 and Type 8 wells are low priority. A risk matrix used to prioritize corrective actions for legacy wells is proposed to categorize wells within an AoR based on penetrations, protections, and accessibility. The methodology involves data acquisition, well categorization into nine types, and determining CO 2 leakage pathways using well schematics and geospatial mapping. This approach is particularly useful for managing the integrity of legacy wells throughout the lifecycle of a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project. A qualitative risk assessment of 94 wells within the AoR of the PSGC site identified 54 wells with high priority for corrective action due to penetration of the primary containment seal. The assessment utilizes color-coded maps to categorize well types and prioritize corrective actions, providing a comprehensive analysis. Schematics of wells penetrating the primary confining unit were drawn, and leakage pathways were identified. Details of all wells penetrating the confining zone are provided in the appendix, including information on well types, plugging, and casing status.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
NASA NTRS1987

Global digital data sets of soil type, soil texture, surface slope and other properties: Documentation of archived data tape

The file structure and coding of four soils data sets derived from the Zobler (1986) world soil file is described. The data were digitized on a one-degree square grid. They are suitable for large-area studies such as climate research with general circulation models, as well as in forestry, agriculture, soils, and hydrology. The first file is a data set of codes for soil unit, land-ice, or water, for all the one-degree square cells on Earth. The second file is a data set of codes for texture, land-ice, or water, for the same soil units. The third file is a data set of codes for slope, land-ice, or water for the same units. The fourth file is the SOILWRLD data set, containing information on soil properties of land cells of both Matthews' and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) sources. The fourth file reconciles land-classification differences between the two and has missing data filled in.

Staub, B.↗
NASA NTRS2003

TOPEX NASA Altimeter Operations Handbook, September 1992

This operations handbook identifies the commands for the NASA radar altimeter for the TOPEX/Poseidon spacecraft, defines the functions of these commands, and provides supplemental reference material for use by the altimeter operations personnel. The main emphasis of this document is placed on command types, command definitions, command sequences, and operational constraints. Additional document sections describe uploadable altimeter operating parameters, the telemetry stream data contents (for both the science and the engineering data), the Missions Operations System displays, and the spacecraft and altimeter health monitors.

Hancock, David W., III↗
NASA NTRS2020

Changes in Frequency of the Severity and Type of Aviation Accidents (1987 to 2016)

This document reports the fourth analysis to identify the types of accidents with the greatest impact on the overall safety risk in U.S. civil aviation. The first three analyses examined accidents in 1997-20061, in 2001-20102 and in 2005-20143. The safety risks herein are defined to include four elements: (1) the number of total accidents; (2) the number of fatal accidents; (3) the number of total injuries; (4) the number of fatal injuries. Two of the previous analyses also included the number of incidents, but incident data since 2007 are difficult to separate by flight operation. Other incident details are no longer recorded as well. Due to these changes, the author’s working copy of the incident data has not been updated since 2011 (for incidents through 2010), and the incident data were not included in this analysis. Powerplant and non-powerplant system component failures were the only categories with a greater contribution to the overall safety risk from incidents than from accidents. Accident types, as well as accident rates, have been shown to vary considerably among different flight operations (e.g., large air carriers versus general aviation). For this reason, all analyses were done separately for four types of flight operations (Part 121, Scheduled Part 135, Non- Scheduled Part 135 and Part 91).

Evans, Joni K.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Asteroid taxonomy and the distribution of the compositional types

Physical observations of minor planets documented in the TRIAD computer file are used to classify 752 objects into the broad compositional types C, S, M, E, R, and U (unclassifiable) according to the prescriptions adopted by Bowell et al. (1978). Diameters are computed from the photometric magnitude using radiometric and/or polarimetric data where available, or else from albedos characteristic of the indicated type. An analysis of the observational selection effects leads to tabulation of the actual number of asteroids, as a function of type and diameter, in each of 15 orbital element zones. For the whole main belt the population is 75% of type C, 15% of type S, and 10% of other types, with no belt-wide dependence of the mixing ratios on diameter. In some zones the logarithmic diameter-frequency relations are decidedly nonlinear. The relative frequency of S-type objects decreases smoothly outward through the main belt, with exponential scale length 0.5 AU. The rarer types show a more chaotic, but generally flatter, distribution over distance. Characteristic type distributions, contrasting with the background population, are found for the Eos, Koronis, Nysa and Themis families.

Zellner, B.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Preservation of Provenance and Context to Ensure Future Understandability of Airborne Earth Observations and Derived Data Products

Open-source science goes beyond making data from scientific projects (e.g., on-orbit/satellite missions, airborne and field investigations, and other data producing activities) openly available after they are generated, but involves and open sharing of information throughout the project lifecycle. Preservation of the data and associated information required for understanding and reusing the data well after the scientific projects is a contributor to open-source science as well. Considering the high investment in the on-orbit/satellite missions, we had developed a document titled “NASA Earth Science Data Preservation Content Specification (PCS)” in 2011. This document has been used as a requirement for recent on-orbit/satellite missions by NASA. Recently it became clear that the specifications should be applied to other scientific projects as well. Therefore, the document was revised to cover other types of projects, and a Preservation Content Implementation Guidance (PCIG) document was also developed. The revised PCS, and the PCIG, were published in 2022. The purpose of this presentation is to highlight the contents of these documents as they apply to suborbital/airborne investigations. The PCS calls for content preservation in eight general categories - Measuring Instrument/Platform Description, Instrument and Science Data Products and Metadata, Science Raw Data, Product and Algorithm Documentation, Instrument Calibration, Science Algorithm Software, Science Data Product Algorithm Inputs, Science Data Product Validation, and Science Data Access and Analysis Tools. While all these categories apply to various types of projects, a few clarifying sentences have been added to the descriptions of contents in each of the categories to show which categories are especially important to airborne and field investigations and where some contents are not applicable (or difficult to obtain). The PCIG document provides some general guidance applicable to all types of projects and specific guidance in a separate section for airborne and field investigations. This section calls out typical artifacts produced during such investigations that can meet the spirit of the various PCS categories.

remote sensing↗
NASA NTRS1990

Supplemental knowledge acquisition through external product interface for CLIPS

Traditionally, the acquisition of knowledge for expert systems consisted of the interview process with the domain or subject matter expert (SME), observation of domain environment, and information gathering and research which constituted a direct form of knowledge acquisition (KA). The knowledge engineer would be responsible for accumulating pertinent information and/or knowledge from the SME(s) for input into the appropriate expert system development tool. The direct KA process may (or may not) have included forms of data or documentation to incorporate from the SME's surroundings. The differentiation between direct KA and supplemental KA (indirect) would be the difference in the use of data. In acquiring supplemental knowledge, the knowledge engineer would access other types of evidence (manuals, documents, data files, spreadsheets, etc.) that would support the reasoning or premises of the SME. When an expert makes a decision in a particular task, one tool that may have been used to justify a recommendation, would have been a spreadsheet total or column figure. Locating specific decision points from that data within the SME's framework would constitute supplemental KA. Data used for a specific purpose in one system or environment would be used as supplemental knowledge for another, specifically a CLIPS project.

Saito, Tim↗
DOE OSTI2024

Identifying priority ecosystem services in tidal wetland restoration

Classification systems can be an important tool for identifying and quantifying the importance of relationships, assessing spatial patterns in a standardized way, and forecasting alternative decision scenarios to characterize the potential benefits (e.g., ecosystem services) from ecosystem restoration that improve human health and well-being. We present a top-down approach that systematically leverages ecosystem services classification systems to identify potential services relevant for ecosystem restoration decisions. We demonstrate this approach using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Ecosystem Service Classification System Plus (NESCS Plus) to identify those ecosystem services that are relevant to restoration of tidal wetlands. We selected tidal wetland management documents from federal agencies, state agencies, wetland conservation organizations, and land stewards across three regions of the continental United States (northern Gulf of Mexico, Mid-Atlantic, and Pacific Northwest) to examine regional and organizational differences in identified potential benefits of tidal wetland restoration activities and the potential user groups who may benefit. We used an automated document analysis to quantify the frequencies at which different wetland types were mentioned in the management documents along with their associated beneficiary groups and the ecological end products (EEPs) those beneficiaries care about, as defined by NESCS Plus. Results showed that a top combination across all three regions, all four organizations, and all four tidal wetland types was the EEP naturalness paired with the beneficiary people who care (existence). Overall, the Mid-Atlantic region and the land steward organizations mentioned ecosystem services more than the others, and EEPs were mentioned in combination with tidal wetlands as a high-level, more general category than the other more specific tidal wetland types. Certain regional and organizations differences were statistically significant. Those results may be useful in identifying ecosystem services-related goals for tidal wetland restoration. This approach for identifying and comparing ecosystem service priorities is broadly transferrable to other ecosystems or decision-making contexts.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2024

Investigating Sulfur-Rich Mercury Analogs Exposed to Simulated Micrometeoroid Bombardment in the Laboratory

Space weathering (SW) continually alters the spectral, microstructural, and chemical characteristics of the surface of airless bodies across the solar system. The effects of SW vary depending on the heliocentric distance and the initial composition of the target surface. While SW on the Moon and S-type asteroids is well documented, our understanding of how this process affects Mercury is at an early stage. Mercury’s interplanetary environment is harsh, with the surface of the planet experiencing an intense solar wind flux as well as a higher flux and velocity of micrometeoroid impactors compared to the Moon and S-type asteroids. In addition, Mercury is also a geochemical endmember, with a surface composition low in Fe (<2 wt.%) and enriched in volatile components, such as sulfur (up to 4 wt.% in the low reflectance material (LRM)). These volatile components are thought to play a major role in the formation of hollows via their sublimation. Sulfur has been hypothesized to occur at the surface of Mercury as sulfide minerals (MgS, CaS) based on its correlation with Mg and Ca in remote sensing data. However, recent observations of chaotic terrains in the north polar area of Mercury and of glacier-like features at lower latitudes indicated that octasulfur (S 8 , elemental sulfur) is another likely constituent of a volatile-rich layer in Mercury’s crust. Its behavior on Mercury may result in a complex cycle of enrichment and depletion. While S is often depleted on small body surfaces, Mercury’s gravity could result in ejected S subsequently returning to the surface and coating regolith grains. Further, the reaction of reduced S-rich gas with glasses of a Mercury-like composition also produced S-rich coatings. However, the precise behavior and evolution of S-rich species exposed to the harsh SW on Mercury remains poorly understood and needs to be further investigated in the laboratory. Here, we present the results of our analyses of the spectral, microstructural, and chemical characteristics of S-rich Mercury analogs irradiated by pulsed laser to simulate the short duration, high temperature events associated with micrometeoroid impacts.

N Bott↗
DOE OSTI2026

Morphology-Based Building Use-Type Modeling: Learnability-First Schema Discovery

This technical memorandum documents an update to the building use-type classification workflow, used in LandScan Mosaic, that replaces a fixed, semantically defined class schema with a learnability-first schema discovery procedure. Historically, the target label schema was specified a priori (e.g., predicting a chosen set of use-type codes), and model training and evaluation were performed within that fixed label space. In the updated workflow, the pipeline first evaluates which non-residential distinctions are learnable under spatial generalization and then collapses ambiguous classes into data-driven groupings before finalizing the schema used for production training.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS2020

Development of VBA Tool for Document Term Search

Employees throughout different agencies such as NASA, have identified that the search of determined terms/words through documents, consume substantial research time of such. These types of searches are substantially limited towards one word in a one document identification; forward one, these usual types of searches lack efficiency & optimization through research aspects of work. Consequently, this reflects in the decrease productivity during work hours etc. The application of VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) is the programming language of Excel, which was conducted for the development of optimized tool for document term search. The project enables the search of single & multiple word/term search through single format documents for paragraph data extraction.

Ssytems Development↗
NASA NTRS2015

Na, K-Rich Rim Around a Chondrule in Unequilibrated Ordinary Chondrite Lew 86018 (L3.1)

Ordinary chondrites represent the most abundant early Solar system extra-terrestrial (approximately 85% abundance) material available for laboratory studies and expectedly record the most extensive range of alterations effects from unmetamorphosed chondritic material to the highest temperatures of thermal metamorphism. The least metamorphosed chondrites belonging to petrologic type 3, the so called unequili-brated ordinary chondrites (UOCs), provide insights into alteration that happened during the primeval, ear-liest stage of Solar system formation. The higher grade petrologic types 4-6 ordinary chondrites on the other hand document up to near textural equilibrium (in type 6) extensive thermal metamorphism consisting of minerals and phases providing evidence of equilibration of heterogeneous mineral composition, solid-state recrystallization. Despite being the most abundant, the effect of alteration is less explicitly understood in ordinary chondrites (even less in UOCs) compared to other groups (e.g. CV, CO, CR). Additionally, the relationship between metasomatism (also referred as aqueous alteration or fluid-assisted metamorphism) and metamorphism (primarily thermal driven) has not been studied and alterations in the ordinary chondrites have been considered to have occurred in absence of fluids in general. Despite this conventional view, UOCs of lowest grades (3.0-3.2) show some evidence of low temperature (approximately 200 C), fluid assisted metamorphism in the form of the presence of phyllosilicates, ferroan olivine, and magnetites in their matrices and occasionally in chondrules. Here, we present petrographic and mineralogical studies of UOC, Lewis Hills (LEW) 86018 to further our understanding of the extent and relative importance of metasomatism and/or metamorphism in UOCs.

Mishra, R. K.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Responsible AI Recommendations (RAIR)

This dataset contains recommendations culled from academic and gray literature on the implementation of responsible or ethical AI. Recommendations are tagged with 1 to 5 topical labels, and a label regarding the source type of their parent document.

Artificial intelligence↗
DOE OSTI2023

PARETO 0.8.0 Release

PARETO 0.8.0 Release. Highlights: Model Updates - Applied unified sets for pipeline and trucking arcs in strategic model - Apply unified sets for pipeline and trucking arcs in operational model - Added new config argument for removal efficiency calculation method - Standardized bidirectional capacity constraint - Added dependencies removed in IDAES 2.1 - Created bounding functions & utilities - Added Hydraulics module to the strategic model - Add additional arc types to strategic model Documentation and Tutorial Updates - Improved PARETO treatment document - Introduced general tutorial and treatment module Jupyter notebooks for Strategic Model - Update docs with correct support email list address - Consolidate and deduplicate Getting Started and resources for developers - Enable Black formatting for Jupyter notebooks - Add Binder configuration files and README Bug Fixes - Fix strategic model documentation typos - Removed duplicated units from output file header UI Updates - Added view for comparing different scenarios - Added functionality for manually overriding PARETO decisions

PARETO,PARETO-UI,PSE,Process Systems Engineering,P↗
NASA NTRS1972

A proposed USAF fatigue evaluation program based upon recent systems experience

The United States Air Force has published a document entitled Aircraft Structural Integrity Program. One phase of the program is concerned with the fatigue life certification of all types of military aircraft. The document describes the criteria, analyses, and tests that are necessary in order to satisfy the USAF fatigue life requirement. Some recent and valid criticism has been directed toward the document, particularly the fatigue-life requirements contained in it. Some changes are proposed based on surveys conducted in the United States and abroad as well as some recent systems' experience. The surveys covered both military and civilian organizations. The fatigue certification case histories of selected military and commercial aircraft are presented. The design development element tests, preproduction design verification tests, and full-scale fatigue tests of each are described. A brief status report on the revisions to the MIL-A-008860 series specifications is included.

Haviland, G. P.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A method for three-dimensional modeling of wind-shear environments for flight simulator applications

A computational method for modeling severe wind shears of the type that have been documented during severe convective atmospheric conditions is offered for use in research and training flight simulation. The procedure was developed with the objectives of operational flexibility and minimum computer load. From one to five, simple down burst wind models can be configured and located to produce the wind field desired for specific simulated flight scenarios. A definition of related turbulence parameters is offered as an additional product of the computations. The use of the method to model several documented examples of severe wind shear is demonstrated.

Bray, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1985

M68000 RNF text formatter user's manual

A powerful, flexible text formatting program, RNF, is described. It is designed to automate many of the tedious elements of typing, including breaking a document into pages with titles and page numbers, formatting chapter and section headings, keeping track of page numbers for use in a table of contents, justifying lines by inserting blanks to give an even right margin, and inserting figures and footnotes at appropriate places on the page. The RNF program greatly facilitates both preparing and modifying a document because it allows you to concentrate your efforts on the content of the document instead of its appearance and because it removes the necessity of retyping text that has not changed.

Will, R. W.↗