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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sr3Co2(ClO2)2 by Materials Project

Sr3Co2(O2Cl)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sr2+ sites. In the first Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent O2- atoms. All Sr–O bond lengths are 2.68 Å. In the second Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- and five equivalent Cl1- atoms. All Sr–O bond lengths are 2.60 Å. There are four shorter (3.10 Å) and one longer (3.42 Å) Sr–Cl bond lengths. Co2+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- and one Cl1- atom to form corner-sharing CoClO4 square pyramids. All Co–O bond lengths are 2.04 Å. The Co–Cl bond length is 2.65 Å. O2- is bonded to four Sr2+ and two equivalent Co2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing OSr4Co2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–65°. Cl1- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Sr2+ and one Co2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sr3Fe2(ClO2)2 by Materials Project

Sr3Fe2(O2Cl)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sr2+ sites. In the first Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent O2- atoms. All Sr–O bond lengths are 2.70 Å. In the second Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- and five equivalent Cl1- atoms. All Sr–O bond lengths are 2.65 Å. There are four shorter (3.13 Å) and one longer (3.25 Å) Sr–Cl bond lengths. Fe2+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four equivalent O2- and one Cl1- atom. All Fe–O bond lengths are 2.04 Å. The Fe–Cl bond length is 2.94 Å. O2- is bonded to four Sr2+ and two equivalent Fe2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing OSr4Fe2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–65°. Cl1- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Sr2+ and one Fe2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuPb2(ClO2)2 by Materials Project

CuPb2(O2Cl)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4mm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one CuPb2(O2Cl)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Cu2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- and one Cl1- atom. All Cu–O bond lengths are 1.84 Å. The Cu–Cl bond length is 2.67 Å. Pb4+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms. All Pb–O bond lengths are 2.27 Å. Both Pb–Cl bond lengths are 3.14 Å. O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cu2+ and two equivalent Pb4+ atoms. There are two inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cu2+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pb4+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on La3Ta(ClO2)3 by Materials Project

La3Ta(O2Cl)3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six equivalent O and four equivalent Cl atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.45–2.70 Å. There are a spread of La–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.11 Å. Ta is bonded in a distorted pentagonal pyramidal geometry to six equivalent O atoms. All Ta–O bond lengths are 2.01 Å. O is bonded to three equivalent La and one Ta atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OLa3Ta tetrahedra. Cl is bonded in a see-saw-like geometry to four equivalent La atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3H24Ru(ClO2)6 by Materials Project

(Li(H2O)4)3RuCl6 is Tungsten Carbide-like structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four ruthenium(6+) hexachloride molecules and four Li(H2O)4 clusters. In each Li(H2O)4 cluster, there are two inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form face-sharing LiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.16–2.19 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form face-sharing LiO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.14 Å) and four longer (2.16 Å) Li–O bond lengths. There are twelve inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the tenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the eleventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the twelfth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Li1+ and two H1+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Li1+ and two H1+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Li1+ and two H1+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two Li1+ and two H1+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two Li1+ and two H1+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two Li1+ and two H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Eu3W(ClO2)3 by Materials Project

Eu3W(O2Cl)3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Eu3+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six equivalent O2- and four equivalent Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Eu–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.66 Å. There are a spread of Eu–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.97–3.05 Å. W6+ is bonded in a distorted pentagonal pyramidal geometry to six equivalent O2- atoms. All W–O bond lengths are 1.95 Å. O2- is bonded to three equivalent Eu3+ and one W6+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OEu3W tetrahedra. Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Eu3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NiH2(ClO2)2 by Materials Project

NiH2(O2Cl)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four NiH2(O2Cl)2 clusters. Ni is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four O and one Cl atom. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–2.05 Å. The Ni–Cl bond length is 2.48 Å. There are two inequivalent H sites. In the first H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are four inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ni and two H atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.59 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ni atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ni atom. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ni atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Origin of the isotopic composition of natural perchlorate: Experimental results for the impact of reaction pathway and initial ClO x reactant

Natural perchlorate (ClO 4 - ) exists in many places on Earth, in lunar regolith, meteorites, and on the surface of Mars. Terrestrial natural ClO 4 - has widely variable Cl and O stable isotopic compositions (δ 37 Cl, δ 18 O, Δ 17 O). The δ 18 O and Δ 17 O values of ClO 4 - from the most hyper-arid locations co-vary. ClO 4 - from less arid areas has relatively little 17 O excess and poor Δ 17 O-δ 18 O correlation. ClO 4 - from the Atacama Desert has unusually low δ 37 Cl (<-10‰) and exhibits a positive correlation between δ 37 Cl and δ 18 O, while the δ 37 Cl of ClO 4 - from all other locations varies between -5 and +7‰ with no δ 37 Cl-δ 18 O covariation. To evaluate the impact of different precursors (ClO x ) and reaction pathways on the isotopic composition of ClO 4 - , we measured the isotopic composition of ClO 4 - produced in the laboratory by UV or O 3 mediated aqueous oxidation of Cl-, OCl-, ClO2-, and ClO2° as well as O 3 mediated oxidation of dry NaCl. ClO x oxidation in aqueous or dry systems enriched in O 3 produced ClO 4 - with Δ 17 O values that generally increased with the number of O atoms required and included evidence that the site-specific 17 O anomaly in O 3 was preferentially transferred to ClO 4 - . Based on the inferred number of O atoms sourced from O 3 , and known Cl and O reaction pathways, it appears that ClO 2 ° and ClO 3 * were required intermediates in the production of ClO 4 - in the O 3 experiments. ClO x aqueous oxidation by UV irradiation produced ClO 4 - with a large range of δ 18 O values and little or no 17 O anomaly. ClO 3 - was produced to a much greater extent than ClO 4 - in all experiments except dry oxidation of NaCl by O 3 . The isotopic composition of ClO 3 - was distinct from that of ClO 4 - produced from the same initial reactants. Combined results of O 3 and UV mediated reactions largely bracketed the range of natural ClO 4 - δ 18 O and Δ 17 O values as well as δ 37 Cl values of non-Atacama natural samples, but no conditions produced the low δ 37 Cl values of Atacama ClO 4 - . Finally, our results indicate that variation in production mechanisms, possibly combined with isotopically variable precursors, could be responsible for much of the observed isotopic variation in natural ClO 4 - and ClO 3 - .

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1976

Airborne observations of astronomical objects

The UV spectra of the sun, as well as the differences and ratios of planetary and solar spectra, are presented. The results indicate that SO, SO2 and ClO2 may be present in Venus' atmosphere, and Formaldehyde CH2O and ClO2 on Jupiter. The solar UV measurements were analyzed to deduce ozone concentration in the earth's atmosphere.

Sivjee, G. G.↗
NASA NTRS1997

The Kinetic Nonequilibrium Processes in the Internal Flow and in the Plume of Subsonic and Supersonic Aircrafts

(1) Our results show that under combustion of thermal destruction products of n-C8H18, and other hydrocarbon fuels with air at the equivalent ratio -0.5 and less the chemical equilibrium is not realized at the exit plane of combustion chamber and in the gas turbine and nozzle for most of small components such as NO2, NO3, HNO, HNO2, HNO3, N(x)H(y), HO2, OH. The chemical equilibrium is not realized in the internal flow of ramjet hydrogen combustion engine too. So at the nozzle exit plane both of gas-turbine hydrocarbon combustion engine and of ramjet hydrogen combustion engine the relatively large values of concentration of such small components as NO3, HNO2, N2O, HNO3, HNO, NH, N2H, HO2, H2O2 may be realized. The exact definition of these component concentration as well as concentration of NO(x), OH, SO2, O, H, H2, H2O at the nozzle exit plane is very important for plume chemistry. (2) The results which were obtained for subsonic and hypersonic aircrafts indicate on the considerable change of the composition of the gas mixture along the plume. This change can be caused not only by the mixture of combustion products with the atmosphere air but by proceeding of whole complex of nonequilibrium photochemical reactions. The photodissociation processes begin to influence on the formation of the free atoms and radicals at flight altitude H greater than or equal to 18 km. Neglect of these processes can result in essential (up to 10(exp 4) times) mistakes of values gamma(sub OH), gamma(sub O), gamma(sub H), gamma(sub HSO3) and some products of CFC's disintegration. It was found that penetration of Cl-containing species from the atmosphere into the exhaust flow and its interaction with nitrogen oxides leads to essential increasing of the concentration of Cl, Cl2, ClO2, ClNO3, CH3Cl and sometimes HCl and the decreasing of ClO concentration by comparison with background values. The results of our analysis show that the plume aircraft with both hydrocarbon and hydrogen combustion engine may be source of various pollutant components such as HNO, HNO4,ClO2, CH3NO2, CH3NO3, CH2O, Cl, H2O2, but not only NO, NO2, HNO2, HNO3, N2O5, SO2, SO3, H2SO4 as it was supposed before.

Starik, Alexander M.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mg(ClO5)2 by Materials Project

MgO6(ClO2)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_2mc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four hypochlorous acid;hydrate molecules and two magnesium;dihydroxide;tetrahydrate molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1977

Atomic and molecular fluorescence as a stratospheric species monitor

The results of an investigation are presented evaluating the potential of atomic and molecular fluorescence as a stratospheric monitor of the concentrations of any one of 18 minor species: Cl, Cl2, ClO, ClO2, CO, H2, HCHO, HCl, HNO2, HNO3, H2S, NH3, NO, NO2, N2O, O, OH, and SO2. All spectral regions from the vacuum ultraviolet through the infrared were included. It was found that suitable systems can be constructed for the stratospheric monitoring of CO (5 ppb), NO2 (less than 1 ppb), OH (0.2 ppt), and O (50-200 ppt). The fluorescence sensitivities for Cl (0.5-1.0 ppt), H2 (0.2 ppm at 10 torr) and SO2 (1-10 ppb) are marginally insufficient with current technology.

Schofield, K.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Reaction products on current or potential reversal in Li/SOCl2 cells

The products formed during abnormal operation due to current or potential reversal in Li/SOCl2 cells have been identified by several complementary analytical techniques. In addition to the expected corrosion of cell components, the following compounds were found: Cl2, SO2, SO2Cl2, S2Cl2 and SCl2. The presence of Cl2O and ClO2 reported by Salmon el al. (1982) has not been confirmed.

Carter, B. J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Computational solution of atmospheric chemistry problems

Extensive studies were performed on problems of interest in atmospheric chemistry. In addition to several minor projects, four major projects were performed and described (theoretical studies of ground and low-lying excited states of ClO2; ground and excited state potential energy surfaces of the methyl peroxy radical; electronic states ot the FO radical; and theoretical studies S02 (H2O) (sub n)).

Jafri, J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Chlorine chemistry in the Antarctic stratosphere - Impact of OClO and Cl2O2 and implications for observations

Theories have been proposed to relate the reduction of O3 during Antarctic spring to catalytic cycles involving chlorine and bromine species. A necessary condition for any chlorine-catalyzed scheme is that a large fraction of the chlorine must be in the form of ClO in the lower stratosphere. It has been suggested that these high levels of ClO could be maintained by fast heterogeneous reactions, whose rates are not known at present. Model calculations based on the above mechanisms predict considerable amounts of OClO and Cl2O2, particularly during the night. Results of calculations of the diurnal variations of ClO, OClO, and Cl2O2 during Antarctic spring are presented for different cases. Results from the calculations suggest that coincident measurements of the total column abundance and diurnal variation of ClO and OClO may help constrain key aspects of the proposed chemical mechanisms. Removal of O3 by the catalytic cycle involving Cl2O2 could be as important as that involving BrO for present levels of chlorine, provided that Cl2O2 photolyzes rapidly to yield Cl and ClO2. It is shown that there is no synergy between these two cycles, since they both compete for the available ClO.

Rodriguez, Jose M.↗