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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2001

Thermodynamic Data for Fifty Reference Elements

This report is a compilation of thermodynamic functions of 50 elements in their reference state. The functions are: C(sup 0, sub p), {H(T)-H(sup 0)(0)}, S(sup 0)(T), and - {G(sup 0)(T) - H(sup 0)(0)} for the elements Ag, Al, Ar, B, Ba, Be, Br2, C, Ca, Cd, Cl2, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, F2, Fe, Ge, H2, He, Hg, I2, K, Kr, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, N2, Na, Nb, Ne, Ni, O2, P, Pb, Rb, S, Si, Sn, Sr, Th, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Xe, Zn, and Zr. Deuterium D, and electron gas e(sup -) are also included. The data are tabulated as functions of temperature as well as given in the form of least-squares coefficients for two functional forms for C(sup 0, sub p) with integration constants for enthalpy and entropy. One functional form for C(sup 0, sub p) is a fourth-order polynomial and the other has two additional terms, one with T(sup -1) and the other with T(sup -2). The gases Ar, D2, e(sup -), H2, He, Kr, N2, Ne, O2, and Xe are tabulated for temperatures from 100 to 20 000 K. The remaining gases Cl2 and F2 are tabulated from 100 to 6000 K. The polynomial functional form for C(sup 0, sub p) for all these gases is split into two temperature intervals of 200 to 1000 K and 1000 to 6000 K. The second functional form for (sup 0, sub p) has an additional interval from 6000 to 20 000 K for the gases tabulated to 20 000 K. The fits are constrained so that the properties match at the common temperature endpoints. The temperature ranges for the condensed species vary with range of the data, phase changes, and shapes of the C(sup 0, sub p) curves.

McBride, Bonnie J.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Studies of Elementary Reactions of Chemical Importance in the Atmospheres of Planets

The methyl self-reaction was studied at T = 298 K and 202 K and at three different pressures, P = 0.5, 1.0, and 2.1 Torr. The experimental measurements were performed in our discharge flow-mass spectrometer (DF-MS) apparatus. The methyl radicals were generated by the reaction of F with methane. Passing a mixture of molecular fluorine, F2, in helium through a microwave cavity generated the atomic fluorine reagent. The atomic F enters the flow tube through a rear port on the flow tube. The methane reagent enters the flow tube through a movable injector located coaxial in the flow tube. The decay of methyl radical signal was monitored at a mass/charge ratio (m/z) of 15 as a function of the injector distance. To minimize secondary chemistry from the reaction CH3 + F to CH2 + HF the initial [CH4](sub 0)/[F](sub 0) was above 37.0 and typically 100. This ensures a 1:1 relationship between initial [F] and [CH3]. A titration of F with excess Cl2 yields the initial [F](sub 0). Our experimental methodology to accurately measure the mass spectrometer scaling factor, i.e., the relationship between initial signal and [CH3](sub 0) has been improved. Now we measure the CH3 signal decay under exponential decay conditions at low initial [F](sub 0), 3x10(exp 11) molecule/cc, in the presence of Cl2. This minimizes the second-order decay contributed by the CH3 self-reaction and a simple extrapolation of the 1n(signal) vs time plot to t = 0 gives the initial signal. This provides the desired relationship between initial signal at 15 amu and [CH3](sub 0). The resulting calibration is then applied to the observed decay of the CH3 signal at high concentrations of CH3 assuming linearity of this scaling factor.

Nesbitt, Fred L.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Studies of Elementary Reactions of Chemical Importance in the Atmospheres of Planets

The paper discusses the following: 1. F + Cl2 Kinetics. Absolute rate constant for the reaction F(P-2) with Cl2 has been measured using the discharge flow kinetics technique coupled to mass spectrometric detection at T = 180 - 360 K and 1 Torr He nominal pressure. 2. Vapor pressure system. The main effort on the vapor pressure system involved the design and construction of an insulated enclosure ("Bakeout Box") to improve the uniformity of heating during the bakeout process. 3. Sunphotometer System. This period saw the completion of the two-channel sunphotometer, its calibration, and two field deployments. 4. Vibrational-to-translation (V-T) transfer rates for light hydrocarbons at low temperatures are important parameters in thermal-structure models of the upper atmospheres of the outer planets and their satellites. However, the required data are either simply not available or do not extend to the low temperatures found in those systems. Because methane is such an important constituent in outer planet atmospheres, we have initiated a program to measure the temperature dependence of (V-T) rates for its relaxation by appropriate collision partners. 5. The central focus of this research has been the vapor phase nucleation and growth of metals/refractory species into small particles and the aggregation of these primary particles into larger structures. These topics are part of the broader goal of understanding the conditions under which interstellar dust grains condense from stellar outflows and how these small dust grains coagulate into larger bodies such as planetesimals or planets.

Nesbitt, Fred L.↗
NASA NTRS2003

A Reactive-Ion Etch for Patterning Piezoelectric Thin Film

Reactive-ion etching (RIE) under conditions described below has been found to be a suitable means for patterning piezoelectric thin films made from such materials as PbZr(1-x)Ti(x)O3 or Ba(x)Sr(1.x)TiO3. In the original application for which this particular RIE process was developed, PbZr(1-x)Ti(x)O3 films 0.5 microns thick are to be sandwiched between Pt electrode layers 0.1 microns thick and Ir electrode layers 0.1 microns thick to form piezoelectric capacitor structures. Such structures are typical of piezoelectric actuators in advanced microelectromechanical systems now under development or planned to be developed in the near future. RIE of PbZr(1-x)Ti(x)O3 is usually considered to involve two major subprocesses: an ion-assisted- etching reaction, and a sputtering subprocess that removes reactive byproducts. RIE is favored over other etching techniques because it offers a potential for a high degree of anisotropy, high-resolution pattern definition, and good process control. However, conventional RIE is not ideal for patterning PbZr(1-x)Ti(x)O3 films at a thickness as great as that in the original intended application. In order to realize the potential benefits mentioned above, it is necessary to optimize process conditions . in particular, the composition of the etching gas and the values of such other process parameters as radio-frequency power, gas pressure, gas-flow rate, and duration of the process. Guidelines for determining optimum conditions can be obtained from experimental determination of etch rates as functions of these parameters. Etch-gas mixtures of BCl3 and Cl2, some also including Ar, have been found to offer a high degree of selectivity as needed for patterning of PbZr(1-x)Ti(x)O3 films on top of Ir electrode layers in thin-film capacitor structures. The selectivity is characterized by a ratio of approx.10:1 (rate of etching PbZr(1-x)Ti(x)O3 divided by rate of etching Ir and IrO(x)). At the time of reporting the information for this article, several experiments on RIE in BCl3 and Cl2 (and sometimes Ar) had demonstrated the 10:1 selectivity ratio, and further experiments to enhance understanding and obtain further guidance for optimizing process conditions were planned.

Yang, Eui-Hyeok↗
NASA NTRS2016

20 Years of ClO Measurements in the Antarctic Lower Stratosphere

We present 20 years (1996-2015) of austral springtime measurements of chlorine monoxide (ClO) over Antarctica from the Chlorine Oxide Experiment (ChlOEl) ground-based millimeter wave spectrometer at Scott Base, Antarctica, as well 12 years (2004-2015) of ClO measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). From August onwards we observe a strong increase in lower stratospheric ClO, with a peak column amount usually occurring in early September. From mid-September onwards we observe a strong decrease in ClO. In order to study interannual differences, we focus on a 3-week period from 28 August to 17 September for each year and compare the average column ClO anomalies. These column ClO anomalies are shown to be highly correlated with the average ozone mass deficit for September and October of each year. We also show that anomalies in column ClO are strongly anti-correlated with 30 hPa temperature anomalies, both on a daily and an interannual timescale. Making use of this anti-correlation we calculate the linear dependence of the interannual variations in column C1O on interannual variations in temperature. By making use of this relationship, we can better estimate the underlying trend in the total chlorine (Cl(sub y) = HCl + ClONO2 + HOCl + 2 x Cl2 + 2 x Cl2+ ClO + Cl). The resultant trends in Cl(sub y), which determine the long-term trend in ClO, are estimated to be -0.5 +/-0.2, -1.40.9, and -0.60.4% per year, for zonal MLS, Scott Base MLS (both 2004-2015), and ChlOE (1996-2015) respectively. These trends are within 1sigma of trends in stratospheric Cl(sub y) previously found at other latitudes. The decrease in ClO is consistent with the trend expected from regulations enacted under the Montreal Protocol.

temperature anomalies↗
DOE OSTI2026

Impact of Nd ions on the chemical kinetic behavior of radiolytic transients in molten LiCl-KCl-NdCl3 salt mixtures

Pyrochemical reprocessing technologies can be used to recover valuable materials from used nuclear fuel (UNF), such as uranium. However, other critical materials, such as fission product neodymium, are challenging to recover from molten chloride eutectic mixtures (LiCl-KCl) due to the presence of multivalent states (Nd2+/Nd3+), disproportionation reactions, and re-dissolution in the molten chloride salt. Understanding, predicting, and controlling these processes is further complicated by the presence of ionizing radiation fields, for which little is known on the interaction of neodymium ions with the radiolytic transients (es– and Cl2.–) in molten LiCl-KCl salt mixtures. Here, chemical kinetics, from integrated electron pulse irradiation and transient absorption spectroscopy, are presented for the reaction of Nd3+ ions with es– and Cl2.– as a function of temperature (400–600 ?).

36 - MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Surface chlorination of IrO2(110) by HCl

The ability to controllably chlorinate metal-oxide surfaces can provide opportunities for designing selective oxidation catalysts. In the present study, we investigated the surface chlorination of IrO2(110) by HCl using temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We find that exposing IrO2(110) to HCl, followed by heating to 650 K in ultrahigh vacuum, produces nearly equal quantities of on-top and bridging Cl atoms on the surface, Clt and Clbr, where the Clbr atoms replace O-atoms that are removed from the surface by H2O formation. After HCl adsorption at 85 K, only H2O desorbs at low Cl coverages during TPRS, but HCl begins to desorb in increasing yields as the Cl coverage is increased above about 0.5 monolayer (ML). The desorption of Cl2 was not observed under any conditions, in good agreement with the high barrier for this reaction predicted by DFT. A maximum Cl coverage of 1 ML, with nearly equal coverages of Clt and Clbr atoms, could be generated by reacting HCl with IrO2(110) in UHV. Our results suggest that a kinetic competition between recombinative HCl and H2O desorption under the conditions studied limits the saturation Cl coverage to a value less than the 2 ML maximum predicted by thermodynamics. XPS further shows that the partitioning of Cl between the Clt and Clbr states can be altered by subjecting partially chlorinated IrO2(110) to reductive or oxidative treatments, demonstrating that the Cl site population can change dynamically in response to the gas environment. Our results provide insights for understanding the chlorination of IrO2(110) by HCl and can enable future experimental studies to determine how Cl-modification alters the surface chemical reactivity of IrO2(110) and potentially enhances selectivity toward partial oxidation chemistry.

Chemistry↗
DOE OSTI2024

Dry etching of epitaxial InGaAs/InAlAs/InAlGaAs structures for fabrication of photonic integrated circuits

A dry etching process to transfer the pattern of a photonic integrated circuit design for high-speed laser communications is described. The laser stack under consideration is a 3.2-µm-thick InGaAs/InAlAs/InAlGaAs epitaxial structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The etching was performed using Cl2-based inductively-coupled-plasma and reactive-ion-etching (ICP-RIE) reactors. Four different recipes are presented in two similar ICP-RIE reactors, with special attention paid to the etched features formed with various hard mask compositions, in-situ passivations, and process temperatures. The results indicate that it is possible to produce high-aspect-ratio features with sub-micron separation on this multilayer structure. Additionally, the results of the etching highlight the tradeoffs involved with the corresponding recipes.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ir(Cl2F3)2 by Materials Project

IrF6(Cl2)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four chlorine molecules and two IrF6 clusters. In each IrF6 cluster, Ir is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six F atoms. There is four shorter (1.89 Å) and two longer (1.90 Å) Ir–F bond length. There are three inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ir atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ir atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ir atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sr3Se3(ClO4)2 by Materials Project

Sr3(SeO3)(Se2O5)Cl2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Sr2+ sites. In the first Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to eight O2- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.95 Å. There are one shorter (3.15 Å) and one longer (3.33 Å) Sr–Cl bond lengths. In the second Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to five O2- and three equivalent Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.56–2.60 Å. There are one shorter (3.04 Å) and two longer (3.12 Å) Sr–Cl bond lengths. In the third Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to eight O2- and one Cl1- atom. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.59–2.98 Å. The Sr–Cl bond length is 3.12 Å. There are three inequivalent Se4+ sites. In the first Se4+ site, Se4+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.72 Å) and two longer (1.74 Å) Se–O bond length. In the second Se4+ site, Se4+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.70 Å) and one longer (1.88 Å) Se–O bond length. In the third Se4+ site, Se4+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.69 Å) and one longer (1.87 Å) Se–O bond length. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Sr2+ and one Se4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+ and one Se4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Sr2+ and one Se4+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OSr3Se tetrahedra. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Sr2+ and one Se4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Sr2+ and two Se4+ atoms. There are two inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to four Sr2+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Sr2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuH12N2(Cl2O)2 by Materials Project

(Cu2H8O4Cl5)2(NH4)8(Cl2)3 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of four ammonium molecules; three hydrochloric acid molecules; and one Cu2H8O4Cl5 ribbon oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the Cu2H8O4Cl5 ribbon, there are two inequivalent Cu2+ sites. In the first Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two O2- and two Cl1- atoms. There is one shorter (1.98 Å) and one longer (1.99 Å) Cu–O bond length. There are one shorter (2.24 Å) and one longer (2.28 Å) Cu–Cl bond lengths. In the second Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two O2- and three Cl1- atoms. Both Cu–O bond lengths are 2.00 Å. There are a spread of Cu–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.91 Å. There are eight inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- and one Cl1- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. The H–Cl bond length is 2.07 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- and one Cl1- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. The H–Cl bond length is 2.06 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Cu2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Cu2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Cu2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Cu2+ and two H1+ atoms. There are five inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu2+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu2+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu2+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu2+ atom. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cu2+ and two H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H26Os2N12Cl4O9 by Materials Project

(OsH12(N3O2)2)2H2O(Cl2)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of sixteen hydrochloric acid molecules, four water molecules, and eight OsH12(N3O2)2 clusters. In each OsH12(N3O2)2 cluster, Os8+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to five N+1.67- and one O2- atom. There are a spread of Os–N bond distances ranging from 1.74–2.16 Å. The Os–O bond length is 2.05 Å. There are six inequivalent N+1.67- sites. In the first N+1.67- site, N+1.67- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Os8+ and three H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and two longer (1.04 Å) N–H bond length. In the second N+1.67- site, N+1.67- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.23 Å) and one longer (1.37 Å) N–O bond length. In the third N+1.67- site, N+1.67- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os8+ and one O2- atom. The N–O bond length is 1.18 Å. In the fourth N+1.67- site, N+1.67- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Os8+ and three H1+ atoms. All N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the fifth N+1.67- site, N+1.67- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Os8+ and three H1+ atoms. All N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the sixth N+1.67- site, N+1.67- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Os8+ and three H1+ atoms. There is two shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.04 Å) N–H bond length. There are twelve inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the tenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the eleventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the twelfth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Os8+ and one N+1.67- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Nb3(Cl3O4)2 by Materials Project

(Nb3O7Cl)2O2(Cl2)5 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of five chlorine molecules, two water molecules, and one Nb3O7Cl cluster. In the Nb3O7Cl cluster, there are six inequivalent Nb sites. In the first Nb site, Nb is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O atoms. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.73–2.10 Å. In the second Nb site, Nb is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five O and one Cl atom. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.73–2.40 Å. The Nb–Cl bond length is 2.33 Å. In the third Nb site, Nb is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O atoms. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.73–2.13 Å. In the fourth Nb site, Nb is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five O and one Cl atom. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.73–2.45 Å. The Nb–Cl bond length is 2.32 Å. In the fifth Nb site, Nb is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O atoms. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.73–2.13 Å. In the sixth Nb site, Nb is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O atoms. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.73–2.09 Å. There are fourteen inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Nb atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Nb atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Nb atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Nb atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Nb atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Nb atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Nb atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Nb atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Nb atoms. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Nb atoms. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Nb atoms. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Nb atoms. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Nb atoms. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Nb atoms. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Nb atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Nb atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Co2H36N13Cl5O3 by Materials Project

(Co(NH3)6)4(NO3)2(Cl2)5 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight azane;cobalt molecules, twenty hydrochloric acid molecules, and four nitric acid molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on As4HN2(ClO3)2 by Materials Project

(N2)2H2(As2O3)4(Cl2)2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6/mmm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two hydrochloric acid molecules; one hydrogen molecule; two As2O3 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction; and one N2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each As2O3 sheet, As+4.50+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent O2- atoms. All As–O bond lengths are 1.81 Å. O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent As+4.50+ atoms. In the N2 sheet, N+2.50- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three equivalent N+2.50- atoms. All N–N bond lengths are 3.08 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cr(ClO2)3 by Materials Project

(CrO6)2(Cl2)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four chlorine molecules, four hydrochloric acid molecules, and four CrO6 clusters. In each CrO6 cluster, Cr is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O atoms. There are two shorter (2.01 Å) and two longer (2.05 Å) Cr–O bond lengths. There are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Cr and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.39 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to two O atoms. The O–O bond length is 1.36 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Cr and one O atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ge19(PCl)4 by Materials Project

Ge19P4(Cl2)2 crystallizes in the cubic P-43n space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of eight hydrochloric acid molecules and one Ge19P4 framework. In the Ge19P4 framework, there are three inequivalent Ge sites. In the first Ge site, Ge is bonded to three equivalent Ge and one P atom to form GeGe3P tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent PGe4 tetrahedra and corners with nine GeGe3P tetrahedra. All Ge–Ge bond lengths are 2.45 Å. The Ge–P bond length is 2.38 Å. In the second Ge site, Ge is bonded to three Ge and one P atom to form GeGe3P tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent PGe4 tetrahedra and corners with ten GeGe3P tetrahedra. There are one shorter (2.46 Å) and one longer (2.49 Å) Ge–Ge bond lengths. The Ge–P bond length is 2.41 Å. In the third Ge site, Ge is bonded to four equivalent Ge atoms to form GeGe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent PGe4 tetrahedra and corners with eight GeGe3P tetrahedra. P is bonded to four Ge atoms to form PGe4 tetrahedra that share corners with twelve GeGe3P tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CaAl2Si4(ClO4)3 by Materials Project

(CaAl2Si4O12)2(Cl2)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cm space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of two chlorane molecules and one CaAl2Si4O12 framework. In the CaAl2Si4O12 framework, there are two inequivalent Ca sites. In the first Ca site, Ca is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.20–2.62 Å. In the second Ca site, Ca is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.97 Å. There are two inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded to four O atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one AlO4 tetrahedra and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.72–1.83 Å. In the second Al site, Al is bonded to four O atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two AlO4 tetrahedra and corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.74–1.76 Å. There are four inequivalent Si sites. In the first Si site, Si is bonded to four O atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one AlO4 tetrahedra and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There is three shorter (1.63 Å) and one longer (1.64 Å) Si–O bond length. In the second Si site, Si is bonded to four O atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one AlO4 tetrahedra and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.57–1.68 Å. In the third Si site, Si is bonded to four O atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one AlO4 tetrahedra and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.58–1.70 Å. In the fourth Si site, Si is bonded to four O atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two AlO4 tetrahedra and corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.58–1.71 Å. There are fourteen inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca and two Al atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Si atoms. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ca and two Si atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ca and two equivalent Si atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al and one Si atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Si atoms. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al and one Si atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to one Al and one Si atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to two Si atoms. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to one Al and one Si atom. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca, one Al, and one Si atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ca and two equivalent Al atoms. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ca and two Si atoms. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ca and two equivalent Si atoms.

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