A triangulation technique for linear objects in space.
Triangulation technique for correlating trail points on films of chemical cloud releases in space from two different sites to determine winds and wind shear
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Triangulation technique for correlating trail points on films of chemical cloud releases in space from two different sites to determine winds and wind shear
Photography and measurement of cloud-like structures of bright parallel bands observed in near infrared photography of the night sky is planned. The instrument is described and the purpose of the experiment summarized.
These papers deal with recent research, developments, and applications in laser and electrooptics technology, particularly with regard to atmospheric effects in imaging and propagation, laser instrumentation and measurements, and particle measurement. Specific topics include advanced imaging techniques, image resolution through atmospheric turbulence over the ocean, an efficient method for calculating transmittance profiles, a comparison of a corner-cube reflector and a plane mirror in folded-path and direct transmission through atmospheric turbulence, line-spread instrumentation for propagation measurements, scaling laws for thermal fluctuations in the layer adjacent to ocean waves, particle sizing by laser photography, and an optical Fourier transform analysis of satellite cloud imagery. Other papers discuss a subnanosecond photomultiplier tube for laser application, holography of solid propellant combustion, diagnostics of turbulence by holography, a camera for in situ photography of cloud particles from a hail research aircraft, and field testing of a long-path laser transmissometer designed for atmospheric visibility measurements.
Daytime wind velocity measurements of the upper atmosphere as function of altitude were supposed to be gathered by Gemini 12 sequential photography of rocket made sodium clouds. Evaluation of the film was indicative that all 26 photographs were overexposed during the photographic sequences. The overexposures were caused by a camera shutter locked in the open position. Therefore, useful photographic data were not obtained for analysis.
The author has identified the following significant results. Relatively little good usable ERTS-1 imagery has been received to date for data extraction. Of three U-2 aircraft support missions flown in Maine, only photography from the 20 September flight is cloud free and of excellent quality. Controlled local contract photography flown in August and September is of generally excellent quality. Low altitude ground truth photography is useful. The system of image and photo filing is discussed, and the limited work involving image and photo comparison is described.
Photography of luminous objects against a twilight sky
The five-minute rapid-scan imagery from the Synchronous Meteorological Satellite is employed to study cloud motions associated with the Omaha tornado of May 6, 1975. Cloud-motion vectors derived from automated and man-machine interactive systems provide an account of the mesoscale phenomena. In addition to the geostationary satellite data, aerial photography obtained during a cloud-truth mission is used in the severe storm investigation. For tracking overland cumuli with short half-lives, a three-minute scan interval appears necessary for the satellite imagery.
Examples of wideband filter photography of Jupiter between 1965 and 1970 are reviewed, describing the basic wavelength dependence of the cloud features. The initial results of photography in the 0.89 micron methane band are discussed.
Cloud pattern observed over Bay of Bengal off east coast of India by TIROS photography
Cloud cover distribution from july 12 to september 30, 1961 between latitudes 60 south and 60 north based on tiros iii photographs
Residuals in field-reduced satellite observations, statistics on cloud cover, photographing chemiluminescent trails, and confirmation of satellite objectives by observational methods
Gemini mission experimental results on zodiacal light photography, radiation effects on blood, cloud-top spectrometry, star occultation navigation, and reentry communications
Ground station and earth-orbital imagery for cloud cover prediction over forested areas
Weather forecasting by use of meteorological satellite television cloud cover
A data gathering effort on a number of cloud systems is reported. On both manned and unmanned Mercury and Gemini 3 missions, a number of good pictures of cloud systems were obtained. Also, specific experiments were performed by the crewmembers in the Mercury missions. Those experiments involved some of the spectral reflectance characteristics of clouds, land, and water regions of the earth surface as viewed from outside the atmosphere. Pictures obtained on successive revolutions of a Gemini spacecraft were indicative of the changes in and the movements of clouds at approximately 90-min intervals at certain points beneath the track of the spacecraft. A series of such views explain the various meteorological phenomena.
Astronomical photography of zodiacal light and lunar libration clouds
Using Nimbus 3 medium resolution infrared radiometer measurements, a multispectral cloud type identification method is developed. This method includes a fourth spectral region (20-23 microns), the use of radiative transfer theory, and a semiquantitative evaluation of satellite cloud type estimates with concurrent high resolution photography from aircraft flights.
Cloud cover pictures taken with automatic picture transmission system - development of onboard gridding of automatic picture transmission pictures