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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2008

Growth of CdZnTe Crystals the Bridgman Technique with Controlled Overpressures of Cd

Cd(1-x)Zn(x)Te crystals with x = 0.15 and 0.20, were grown in this study by closed-ampoule directional solidification (Bridgman) technique with a controlled Cd overpressure. The growth ampoule was made of quartz with inner diameter from 20 to 40 mm and a tapered length of 2.5 cm at the growth tip. Both unseeded and seeded growths were performed with total material charges up to 400 g. After the loading of starting CdZnTe material, a typical amount of 2 g of Cd was also loaded inside a Cd reservoir basket, which was attached beneath the seal-off cup. The ampoule was sealed off under a vacuum below lxl0(exp -5) Torr. The sealed ampoule was placed inside a 4-zone Bridgman furnace - a Cd reservoir zone with a heat-pipe furnace liner on the top, followed by a hot zone, a booster heating zone and a cold zone at the bottom. The Cd zone was typically 300 to 400 C below the hot zone setting. High resistivity material has been obtained without any intentional dopants but has been reproducibly obtained with In doping. The crystalline and the electrical properties of the crystals will be reported.

Su, Ching-Hu↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(CoO2)2 by Materials Project

Cd(CoO2)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Co3+ sites. In the first Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and a faceface with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.27 Å. In the second Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with three CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.22 Å. In the third Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and a faceface with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.20 Å. In the fourth Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with three CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.18 Å. In the fifth Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.04 Å. In the sixth Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.09 Å. In the seventh Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.09 Å. In the eighth Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.09 Å. There are four inequivalent Cd2+ sites. In the first Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.43 Å. In the second Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CdO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with six CoO6 octahedra, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–17°. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.50 Å. In the third Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.50 Å. In the fourth Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CdO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with twelve CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, and faces with two CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–54°. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.42 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form distorted OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form distorted OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form distorted OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom to form distorted OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with three OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, and edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom to form distorted OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with three OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, and edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom to form distorted OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with three OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, and edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom to form distorted OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with three OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, and edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form distorted OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form distorted OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(CoO2)2 by Materials Project

Cd(CoO2)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Co3+ sites. In the first Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with five CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid, and a faceface with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.15 Å. In the second Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with five CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid, and a faceface with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.14 Å. In the third Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with five CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid, and a faceface with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.14 Å. In the fourth Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with five CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid, and a faceface with one CdO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.15 Å. In the fifth Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with four CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and edges with two CdO6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.07 Å. In the sixth Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with four CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and edges with two CdO6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.07 Å. In the seventh Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with four CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and edges with two CdO6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.07 Å. In the eighth Co3+ site, Co3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with four CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and edges with two CdO6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.07 Å. There are four inequivalent Cd2+ sites. In the first Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CdO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with twelve CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, and faces with two CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–53°. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.41 Å. In the second Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CdO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with six CoO6 octahedra, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–17°. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.41 Å. In the third Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CdO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with six CoO6 octahedra, edges with six CoO6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–18°. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.42 Å. In the fourth Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CdO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with twelve CoO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, and faces with two CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–53°. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.40 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom to form OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with three OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, and edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom to form OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with three OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, and edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom to form distorted OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with three OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, and edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom to form OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with three OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, and edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Co3+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Co3+ and two Cd2+ atoms to form OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four OCd2Co3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OCdCo3 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd by Materials Project

Cd is Magnesium structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd is bonded to twelve equivalent Cd atoms to form a mixture of corner, edge, and face-sharing CdCd12 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (3.01 Å) and six longer (3.44 Å) Cd–Cd bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd by Materials Project

Cd is Copper structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd is bonded to twelve equivalent Cd atoms to form a mixture of corner, edge, and face-sharing CdCd12 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (3.11 Å) and six longer (3.29 Å) Cd–Cd bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd by Materials Project

Cd is Copper structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd is bonded to twelve equivalent Cd atoms to form a mixture of corner, edge, and face-sharing CdCd12 cuboctahedra. All Cd–Cd bond lengths are 3.20 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Selectivity in gas–liquid interactions: Molecular beam scattering of CD 4 and ND 3 from an aqueous flat liquid jet

The dynamics of polar and nonpolar molecules colliding with an aqueous surface are characterized by scattering molecular beams of deuterated methane and ammonia, CD 4 and ND 3 (E i = 28.9 and 30.3 kJ mol −1 , respectively), from a flat liquid jet of cold salty water (8 m LiBr, 230 K). Translational energy distributions of scattered species collected as a function of collision geometry probe both impulsive scattering (IS) and thermal desorption (TD) mechanisms. Here, we find that CD 4 scattering is dominated by IS and exhibits a super-specular angular distribution. The fraction of TD scattering events is notably smaller for cold salty water than for dodecane, consistent with a higher free energy of solvation for CD 4 in the water jet. In contrast, no scattering signal is seen for ND 3 from the water jet, a result attributed to the high solubility and efficient protonation of ND 3 in liquid water. The IS channel for CD 4 was analyzed using a soft-sphere model, yielding a higher internal energy (E int ) and lower effective surface mass (m eff ) than was seen for Ne/water; the higher value of E int is attributed to rotational excitation of the scattered CD 4 . These findings demonstrate that the outcomes of a gas–liquid collision—scattering trajectory, surface adherence, and energy transfer—are directed at the molecular level by both the gaseous scatterer and liquid surface.

Foreman, Madison M. [University of California, Ber↗
DOE OSTI2019

Suppression of hybridization by Cd doping in CeCoIn 5

The interaction between superconductivity and magnetism in heavy fermion compounds has remained a challenge ever since the discovery of unconventional superconductivity in such systems. The heavy fermion Ce T In 5 ( T = Co,Rh,Ir) family offers a good platform to study the relationship between superconductivity and magnetism, whose ground state can be easily tuned by chemical doping, making the ambient-pressure experimental techniques like angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy possible to address this old but engaging question. By Cd doping, the superconducting state of CeCoIn 5 can be smoothly tuned to an antiferromagnetic ground state, which can be reversed by applying pressure. In this study, we present an electronic structure study of CeCo ( In 0.85 Cd 0.15 ) 5 with an antiferromagnetic ground state and the results are compared with CeCoIn 5 . We found that the hybridization strength between the f electrons and conduction electrons in CeCoIn 5 has been suppressed by Cd doping, but still the Fermi surface includes a significant contribution from the Ce f electrons. Our results find that the electronic tuning effect by Cd doping arises from the change in the hybridization strength between the Ce f electrons and conduction electrons caused by the Cd dopant, and the subtle interplay between itinerancy and localization of the f electrons determines the ground state.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Challenges to magnetic doping of thin films of the Dirac semimetal Cd 3 As 2

Magnetic doping of topological quantum materials provides an attractive route for studying the effects of time-reversal symmetry breaking. Thus motivated, we explore the introduction of the transition metal Mn into thin films of the Dirac semimetal Cd 3 A s2 during growth by molecular beam epitaxy. Scanning transmission electron microscopy measurements show the formation of a Mn-rich phase at the top surface of Mn-doped Cd 3 A s2 thin films grown using both uniform doping and delta doping. This suggests that Mn acts as a surfactant during epitaxial growth of Cd 3 A s2 , resulting in phase separation. Magnetometry measurements of such samples indicate a ferromagnetic phase with out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy. Electrical magneto-transport measurements of these films as a function of temperature, magnetic field, and chemical potential reveal a lower carrier density and higher electron mobility compared with pristine Cd 3 A s2 films grown under similar conditions. This suggests that the surfactant effect might also serve to remove impurities from the bulk of the film. Further, we observe robust quantum transport (Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and an incipient integer quantum Hall effect) in very thin (7 nm) Cd 3 A s2 films despite being in direct contact with a structurally disordered surface ferromagnetic overlayer.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1988

Peculiar velocities of cD galaxies - MX spectroscopy of Abell 1795

Spectroscopic observations of galaxies in the Abell 1795 field have been obtained using the MX multiple-object spectrograph on the Steward Observatory 2.3 m telescope. Redshifts are presented for 46 galaxies, including 41 cluster members. It is found that the A1795 cD galaxy is not at rest in the cluster gravitational potential well; it has a peculiar radial velocity, cz, of 365 km/s, and the hypothesis that the mean cluster velocity is as large as the cD's velocity can be rejected at the 99.5 percent confidence level. This conclusion is supported by spectroscopic data for the 'cooling flow' gas found in the central region of the cluster; this gas, except for the portion coincident with the cD nucleus, lies at the velocity derived for the cluster mean. It is suggested that current models of the formation of cD galaxies are unlikely to account for the large peculiar velocities of the cD galaxies in A1795 and A2670 unless substantial subclustering is still present. However, the available data show no evidence for velocity subclustering in either A1795 or A2670.

Hill, John M.↗
NASA NTRS1991

A comparative study of performance parameters of n(+)-p InP solar cells made by closed-ampoule sulfur diffusion into Cd- and Zn-doped p-type InP substrates

Preliminary results indicate that Cd-doped substrates are better candidates for achieving high efficiency solar cells fabricated by closed-ampoule sulfur (S) diffusion than Zn-doped substrates. The differences in performance parameters (i.e., 14.3 percent efficiency for Cd-doped vs. 11.83 percent in the case of Zn-doped substrates of comparable doping and etch pit densities) were explained in terms of a large increase in dislocation density as a result of S diffusion in the case of Zn-doped as compared to Cd-doped substrates. The In(x)S(y) and probably Zn(S) precipitates in the case of Zn-doped substrates, produce a dead layer which extends deep below the surface and strongly affects the performance parameters. It should be noted that the cells had an unoptimized single layer antireflective coating of SiO, a grid shadowing of 6.25 percent, and somewhat poor contacts, all contributing to a reduction in efficiency. It is believed that by reducing the external losses and further improvement in cell design, efficiencies approaching 17 percent at 1 AMO, 25 degrees should be possible for cells fabricated on these relatively high defect density Cd-doped substrates. Even higher efficiencies, 18 to 19 percent should be possible by using long-lifetime substrates and further improving front surface passivation. If solar cells fabricated on Cd-doped substrates turn out to have comparable radiation tolerance as those reported in the case of cells fabricated on Zn-doped substrates, then for certain space missions 18 to 19 percent efficient cells made by this method of fabrication would be viable.

Faur, Mircea↗
NASA NTRS1992

The stellar content of central dominant galaxies. II - Colors of cD envelopes

The study presents deep g- and r-band CCD imaging of three rich clusters, A2589, A2634, and A407, containing cD galaxies or structures possibly relating to cD envelopes. Scattered light r exp -2 halos were modeled and subtracted from the images. The (g-r) color profiles of the cDs NGC 7647 (A2589) and NGC 7720 (A2634) down to the start of the envelopes are found to be quite flat. There is no evidence of a change in color at the surface brightness break that signifies the start of the cD envelope, nor are the colors of the envelope dramatically blue. The color profile of the D galaxy NGC 7728 also in A2634 displays a steeper blueward color gradient than NGC 7720. A407, which has nine nuclei in a common envelope, may also possess a red envelope in comparison to its higher surface brightness region, and thus may evolve into a cD similar to NGC 7647. The implications for cD envelope formation and evolution are discussed.

Mackie, Glen↗
NASA NTRS1993

NASA space and Earth science data on CD-ROM

The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) is very interested in facilitating the widest possible use of the scientific data acquired through NASA spaceflight missions. Therefore, NSSDC has participated with projects and data management elements throughout the NASA science environment in the creation, archiving, and dissemination of data using Compact Disk-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM). This CD-ROM technology has the potential to enable the dissemination of very large data volumes at very low prices to a great many researchers, students and their teachers, and others. This catalog identifies and describes the scientific CD-ROM's now available from NSSDC including the following data sets: Einstein Observatory CD-ROM, Galileo Cruise Imaging on CD-ROM, International Halley Watch, IRAS Sky Survey Atlas, Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM), Magellan (MIDR), Magellan (ARCDR's), Magellan (GxDR's), Mars Digital Image Map (MDIM), Outer Planets Fields & Particles Data, Pre-Magellan, Selected Astronomical Catalogs, TOMS Gridded Ozone Data, TOMS Ozone Image Data, TOMS Update, Viking Orbiter Images of Mars, and Voyager Image.

Towheed, Syed S.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Technology Applications Group Multimedia CD-ROM Project

To produce a multimedia CD-ROM for the Technology Applications Group which would present the Technology Opportunity Showcase (TOPS) exhibits and Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) projects to interested companies. The CD-ROM format is being used and developed especially for those companies who do not have Internet access, and cannot directly visit Langley through the World Wide Web. The CD-ROM will include text, pictures, sound, and movies. The information for the CD-ROM will be stored in a database from which the users can query and browse the information, and future CD's can be maintained and updated.

McRacken, Kristi D.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(CN)2 by Materials Project

Cd(CN)2 is Tungsten structured and crystallizes in the cubic P-43m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one cadmium molecule and one Cd(CN)4 cluster. In the Cd(CN)4 cluster, Cd2+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four equivalent N3- atoms. All Cd–N bond lengths are 2.19 Å. C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. N3- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Cd2+ and one C2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(HO)2 by Materials Project

Cd(OH)2 crystallizes in the trigonal P3m1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Cd(OH)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Cd2+ is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to three equivalent H1+ and six O2- atoms. All Cd–H bond lengths are 2.22 Å. There are three shorter (2.39 Å) and three longer (2.43 Å) Cd–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three equivalent Cd2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three equivalent Cd2+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three equivalent Cd2+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(BO2)2 by Materials Project

Cd(BO2)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pna2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Cd2+ sites. In the first Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.72 Å. In the second Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.49 Å. In the third Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.82 Å. There are six inequivalent B3+ sites. In the first B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.35–1.44 Å. In the second B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.35 Å) and two longer (1.39 Å) B–O bond length. In the third B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.45–1.56 Å. In the fourth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.45–1.56 Å. In the fifth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.46–1.54 Å. In the sixth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.46–1.51 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Cd2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Cd2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Cd2+ and one B3+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Cd2+ and one B3+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Cd2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cd2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cd2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Cd2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cd2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Cd2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Cd2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Cd2+ and two B3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Rice husk and charred husk amendments increase porewater and plant Si but water management determines grain As and Cd concentration

Abstract Purpose Rice is a staple crop worldwide and a silicon (Si) hyperaccumulator with Si levels reaching 5–10% of its mass; this can result in desilication and Si-deficiency if plant residues are not managed correctly. Rice is also uniquely subject to arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) contamination depending on soil conditions. Our goal is to quantify the effects of rice husk (a Si-rich milling byproduct) amendments and different water management strategies on rice uptake of Si, As, and Cd. Methods We employed 4 husk amendment treatments: Control (no husk), Husk (untreated husk), Biochar (husk pyrolyzed at 450 °C), and CharSil (husk combusted at > 1000 °C). Each of these amendments was studied under nonflooded, alternate wetting and drying (AWD), and flooded water management in a pot study. Porewater chemistry and mature plant elemental composition were measured. Results Husk and Biochar treatments, along with flooding, increased porewater and plant Si. Vegetative tissue As decreased with increasing porewater Si, but grain As and plant Cd were primarily controlled by water management. Grain As and Cd were inversely correlated and are simultaneously minimized in a redox potential (Eh) range of 225–275 mV in the studied soil. Ferrihydrite in root iron plaque decreased As translocation from porewater to grain, but amendments were not able to increase plaque ferrihydrite content. Conclusion We conclude moderate husk amendment rates (i.e., 4 years’ worth) with minimal pretreatment strongly increases rice Si content but may not be sufficient to decrease grain As in low Si and As soil.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗