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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Secondary particle production from laser accelerated beams

3-MeV protons and fusion neutrons are generated by focused radiation of the 3-TW Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS). 30-mA current of 3-MeV protons is detected behind the target in the forward direction when a hydrogenated silicon foil is used. The co-occurrence of bursts in the emission of ions and fusion neutrons from CD{sub 2} plasma is observed. The energy of produced deuteron bursts is high enough to drive deuterium fusion in CD{sub 2} catcher targets.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
NASA NTRS1982

Improved ion containment using a ring-cusp ion thruster

A 30-centimeter diameter ring-cusp ion thruster is described which operates at inert gas ion beam currents up to about 7 ampere, with significant improvements in discharge chamber performance over conventional divergent-field thrusters. The thruster has strong boundary ring-cusp magnetic fields, a diverging field on the cathode region, and a nearly field-free volume upstream of the ion extraction system. Minimum ion beam production costs of 90 to 100 watts per beam ampere (W/A) were obtained for argon, krypton and xenon. Propellant efficiencies in excess of 0.90 were achieved at 100 to 120 W/A for the three inert gases. The ion beam charge-state was documented with a collimating mass spectrometer probe to allow evaluation of overall thruster efficiencies.

Sovey, J. S.↗
DOE OSTI2024

CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIATION DAMAGES TO POSITRON SOURCE MATERIALS

The secondary beam production target at future positron sources at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF), the International Linear Collider (ILC) or the Future Circular Collider (FCC), features unprecedented mechanical and thermal stresses which may compromise sustainable and reliable operation. Candidate materials are required to possess high melting temperature together with excellent thermal conductivity, elasticity and radiation hardness properties. In order to substantiate the material choice for the CEBAF and ILC positron sources, the response of candidate materials such as titanium alloys, tungsten, and tantalum to electron beam irradiation was experimentally investigated. CEBAF and ILC expected operating conditions were mimicked using the 3.5 MeV electron beam of the MAMI facility injector. The material degradations were precisely analyzed via high energy X-ray diffraction at the HEMS beamline operated by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon at the PETRA III synchrotron facility. This work reports the results of these measurements and their interpretation.

Lengler, T.↗
DOE OSTI2013

Isotopes and Applications Working Group: Report update October 2013

No significant changes are proposed for the scientific program. The standard mode of operation at FRIB will be to produce a rare isotope beam for a primary user, for example 60 Ca from a 82 Se beam. At the same time, the fragmentation or fission of the production beam will produce up to 1000 other isotopes that could be collected (harvested) and used for other experiments or applications. The potential applications of these harvested isotopes range from the determination of neutron cross sections for homeland security to kinetic studies of radionuclide uptake in biological processes. Longer-lived samples of the unused isotopes could be collected and used in an ion source for accelerated beam experiments at ReA3, ReA12 or other accelerator facilities outside FRIB.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2014

NuSTORM $\mu$ Ring – Design and Injection Optimization

The design of the NuSTORM muon production beam line and storage ring is discussed. The facility includes a pion production target station with a pion collection horn and transport into a straight section of a storage ring. {\pi} decay within that straight section provides {\mu}'s that are stored within the ring for subsequent decay providing precision electron and muon neutrino beams. The ring and transport designs are described and optimized. Genetic Algorithm optimization of the horn and transport into the ring has been performed, providing a significant increase in intensity

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Optimization of laser-target parameters for the production of stable lithium beam

A laser ion source coupled with a radio frequency quadrupole linac accelerator is being proposed as a suitable system for the production of a low energy, high-current stable lithium beam. In order to maximize the lithium yield, plasmas generated by laser ablation of different materials based on lithium (Li, LiOH, and LiNbO3) have been characterized by using a Faraday cup and an electrostatic ion analyzer in the time of flight configuration. A wide range of laser power density has been investigated (109–1012 W/cm2) using two Nd:YAG lasers operating at different wavelengths (1064 nm and 532 nm), pulse durations (6 ns and 17 ns), and maximum energies (1400 mJ and 210 mJ). This paper outlines the pros and cons of the investigated materials by studying how the ion energy, yields, and charge state distributions are modified when the laser power density is changed. Considerable attention has been paid to the higher charge states of oxygen, which may occur with the same mass-to-charge ratio of Li3+. The analysis has evidenced that LiNbO3 represents a valid target since it allows minimizing the O6+/7Li3+ ratio down to 2.5% by using a laser power density of 1.8 × 1010 W/cm2. For such a condition, a Li3+ current of 1.4 mA/cm2 has been measured.

Cannavò, A. (ORCID:0000000309759630)↗
DOE OSTI2013

The RHIC Polarized Source Upgrade

The basic limitations on the high-intensity H - ion beam production were experimentally studied in charge-exchange collisions of the neutral atomic hydrogen beam in the Na- vapor jet ionizer cell. These studies are the part of the polarized source upgrade (to 10 mA peak current and 85% polarization) project for RHIC. In the source the atomic hydrogen beam of a 5-10 keV energy and total (equivalent) current up to 5 A is produced by neutralization of proton beam in pulsed hydrogen gas target. Formation of the proton beam (from the surface of the plasma emitter with a low transverse ion temperature ~0.2 eV) is produced by four-electrode spherical multi-aperture ion-optical system with geometrical focusing. The hydrogen atomic beam intensity up t o 1.0 A /cm 2 (equivalent) was obtained in the Na-jet ionizer aperture of a 2.0 cm diameter. At the first stage of the experiment H- beam with 36 mA current, 5 keV energy and ~1.0 cm·mrad normalized emittance was obtained using the flat grids and magnetic focusing. The experimental results of the high-intensity neutral hydrogen beam generation and studies of the charge-exchange polarization processes of this intense beam will be presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Characterization of laser-accelerated proton beams from a 0.5 kJ sub-picosecond laser for radiography applications

Laser-accelerated ion beams show promise for many applications, including high-resolution flash imaging of static or dynamic objects in next-generation radiography to probe materials and plasmas in extreme environments and inertial confinement fusion. To scale up ion beam production for radiography applications, we conducted experiments using sub-picosecond lasers up to 0.5 kJ at the OMEGA-EP facility to characterize proton beams from solid targets, primarily CH/CD sub-micron thin films from which ion beams were also used for static and dynamic radiography for the first time. For standalone sub-micron thin CH films, the highest detected proton energy is in the range of 72–97 MeV. Proton beams with highest energy near or above 60 MeV at full laser energy and similar beam profiles are also measured from low-density CD foams and flat CH foil target of micrometer-scale thickness. The ~ 700–800 nm CH/CD foils achieve the highest ion yield among the targets tested. For sub-micron thin films, the laser prepulse can expand the target and lead to complex interactions, which is simulated using coupled hydrodynamic and two-step kinetic models. Simulations suggest the presence of a micrometer-scale preplasma plateau with near-critical density and further indicate that target normal sheath acceleration, electron heating from Relativistic transparency in the preplasma plateau, and background proton reflection from carbon ion front at the rear side contribute to the resulting proton spectrum from these sub-micron thin targets at various stages. These proton beams show strong potential for radiography and for production of secondary sources.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Design and Analysis of a Double Wall, Water Cooled Window for Accelerator Based Mo-99 Production

The electron accelerator based Mo-99 production technique requires the use of Rhodotrons to generate 38 MeV, 6.32 mA pulsed electron beams. The introduction of the pulsed beam structure has introduced fatigue concerns in the vacuum-helium windows that did not exist previously for electron beam production via linear accelerators. Previous analysis has shown that temperature fluctuations of approximately 100°C above and below the steady state operating temperature of ~500°C will occur within the windows. A water cooled window will eliminate this concern by reducing the primary mechanical stress due to the 300-psig helium pressure load as well as the secondary thermally induced stress. Although a water cooled window was considered years ago, the complexities of adding an additional water line was unattractive until now. A double wall, water cooled window has been designed and analyzed for this reason. The water cooled window design is shown to decrease the helium-side window temperature to as low as 125°C, while the vacuum-side window is maintained at 161°C at a water flow rate of 3.2 GPM. These low steady state temperatures reduce the thermal stress of the helium-side window significantly. Also, the primary mechanical stress has been reduced by roughly 50% due to the reduced pressure gradient across the helium-side window (150-psig water and 300-psig helium). Considering a Mo-99 production loss of roughly 1%, the water cooled window is a drastic improvement over the previous helium cooled designs and should be greatly considered for future upgrades and redesign.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Quantifying uncertainty in physics-based predictions of rare-isotope production cross sections via Bayesian-inspired model averaging across nuclear mass tables

Accurate prediction of fragmentation cross sections is essential for rare-isotope beam production, planning new-isotope searches, and designing experiments to study the most exotic regions of the nuclear chart. However, existing reaction models and phenomenological cross-section parametrizations often exhibit significant deviations over broad regions of mass and charge. In this work, a Bayesian-inspired model-averaging framework is developed to combine abrasion-ablation (AA) calculations based on multiple nuclear mass tables into a single statistically weighted estimate. For the calibrated systems, the model weights are assigned empirically according to the relative quality of fit to measured cross sections, thereby reducing systematic model bias while preserving the underlying physics content of the AA description. The weights are constrained using proton-rich fragmentation data for the 78 Kr and 124 Xe projectiles. The resulting parameter trends are then propagated to the 92 Mo and 144 Sm systems through a controlled scaling procedure. In the present implementation, the excitation-energy prescription is fixed, while the averaging is performed across nuclear-mass inputs; the framework provides both weighted cross sections and associated uncertainty estimates. Applied to proton-rich fragmentation, the present approach provides a practical basis for interpolation and limited extrapolation in regions relevant to rare-isotope production. The resulting predictions are used to assess the production of very proton-rich nuclei, and candidate new isotopes are discussed.

Bayesian methods↗
DOE OSTI2023

LISE$^{++}_{cute}$, the latest generation of the LISE ++ package, to simulate rare isotope production with fragment-separators

The LISE ++ software for fragment separator simulations has undergone a major update. The package, widely used at rare isotope beam facilities, can be used to predict intensities and purities of rare isotope beams and for planning and running of experiments using in-flight separators. It is especially useful for radioactive beam production as its results can be quickly compared to on-line data. The LISE ++ package has been ported to the Qt-framework in order to support modern compilers and computing methods. The benefits include 64-bit operation and LISE ++ availability on three different platforms: Windows, MacOS and Linux. In addition, the porting provides the ability to take advantage of future computational improvements. The updated package is named LISE$^{++}_{cute}$ to indicate a major step forward from the previous Borland-based versions. In addition to porting to the new platform, new main features and modifications have been added, mostly devoted to improving models and implementing other codes involved in rare isotope production at FRIB. Finally, a summary of modifications completed to improve the functionality of the code are discussed in this work, as well as future plans.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2019

Realistic Modeling of the Muon g-2 Experiment Beamlines at Fermilab

The main goal of the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab (E989) is to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment (a, also dubbed as the "anomaly’’) to unprecedented precision. This new measurement will allow to test the completeness of the Standard Model (SM) and to validate other theoretical models beyond the SM. Simulations of the beamlines from the pion production target to the entrance of the g-2 Storage Ring using COSY INFINITY contribute to the understanding and characterization of the muon beam production in relation to the statistical and systematics uncertainties of the E989 measurement. The effect of nonlinearites from fringe fields and high-order contributions on the beam delivery system performance are considered, as well as interactions with the beamline elements apertures, particle decay channels, spin dynamics, and beamline misalignments.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Poincaré beams from a free electron laser

Poincaré beams are light beams that have spatially inhomogeneous polarization structure that spans a finite portion of the Poincaré sphere. This feature bestows the beams with intriguing topological properties and has led to a surge in research on their fundamental characteristics, their controlled generation and on emerging applications. Here we present an experimental demonstration of a Poincaré beam generated in the extreme ultraviolet (16.7 nm) at the FERMI free electron laser (FEL). The ‘star’ type Poincaré beam is generated by exploiting the phase and intensity structure intrinsic to FEL radiation without relying on optical elements. Here, we controlled the spatial polarization distribution through a precise overlap and power balance between two FEL pulses, each with different transverse phase distributions and orthogonal circular polarizations. The spatial polarization structure was mapped in detail and shows extensive coverage of the Poincaré sphere, in agreement with analytic predictions. This method of in situ Poincaré beam production in FELs enables straightforward flexibility in the orientation and balance of polarization states, and can readily be extended to other vector beams and to shorter wavelengths enabling novel science applications in modern light sources.

Morgan, Jenny [SLAC National Accelerator Laborator↗
DOE OSTI2018

High Efficient RING-Cavity Laser Wire Scanner for Intense CW Electron Beams

There is currently a lack of diagnostics for measuring transverse beam size high intensity electron beams which have very different dynamics when compared to less intense beams. To address this deficiency in beam diagnostic technology, we are developing a "laser wire scanner" in which a high-intensity laser pulse is scattered from the electron beam, production of a pulse of hard x-rays. By scanning this laser pulse across the electron bunch and measuring the x-ray signal we can reconstruct the electron beam size.

O'Shea, Finn↗
DOE OSTI2016

First results on Ge resonant laser photoionization in hollow cathode lamp

In the framework of the research and development activities of the SPES project regarding the optimization of the radioactive beam production, a dedicated experimental study has been recently started in order to investigate the possibility of in-source ionization of germanium using a set of tunable dye lasers. Germanium is one of the beams to be accelerated by the SPES ISOL facility, which is under construction at Legnaro INFN Laboratories. The three-step, two color ionization schemes have been tested using a Ge hollow cathode lamp. The slow and the fast optogalvanic signals were detected and averaged by an oscilloscope as a proof of the laser ionization inside the lamp. As a result, several wavelength scans across the resonances of ionization schemes were collected with the fast optogalvanic signal. Some comparisons of ionization efficiency for different ionization schemes were made. Furthermore, saturation curves of the first excitation transitions have been obtained. This investigation method and the setup built in the laser laboratory of the SPES project can be applied for the photo-ionization scheme studies also for the other possible radioactive elements.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2014

LONGITUDINAL LASER WIRE AT SNS

This paper describes a longitudinal H- beam profile scanner that utilizes laser light to detach convoy electrons and an MCP to collect and measure these electrons. The scanner is located in MEBT with H- energy of 2.5MeV and an RF frequency 402.5MHz. The picosecond pulsed laser runs at 80.5MHz in sync with the accelerator RF. The laser beam is delivered to the beam line through a 30m optical fiber. The pulse width after the fiber transmission measures about 10ps. Scanning the laser phase effectively allows measurements to move along ion bunch longitudinal position. We are able to reliably measure production beam bunch length with this method. The biggest problem we have encountered is background signal from electrons being stripped by vacuum. Several techniques of signal detection are discussed.

Aleksandrov, Alexander V↗
DOE OSTI2015

Metal negative ion beam extraction from a radio frequency ion source

A metal ion source of magnetron magnetic field geometry has been designed and operated with a Cu hollow target. Radio frequency power at 13.56 MHz is directly supplied to the hollow target to maintain plasma discharge and induce self-bias to the target for sputtering. The extraction of positive and negative Cu ion beams have been tested. The ion beam current ratio of Cu{sup +} to Ar{sup +} has reached up to 140% when Ar was used as the discharge support gas. Cu{sup −} ion beam was observed at 50 W RF discharge power and at a higher Ar gas pressure in the ion source. Improvement of poor RF power matching and suppression of electron current is indispensable for a stable Cu{sup −} ion beam production from the source.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗