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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Effect of isoelectronic substitution on phase transition and magnetic properties of Ni{sub 57}Mn{sub 18}Ga{sub 25−x}In{sub x} (0 ≤ x ≤ 8) alloys with Ni excess

Effect of isoelectronic substitution of In for Ga on the phase transition and magnetic properties was studied in Ni{sub 57}Mn{sub 18}Ga{sub 25−x}In{sub x} (0 ≤ x ≤ 8) alloys. With the increasing In content, the room-temperature phase structure evolved from tetragonal martensite to cubic austenite. The martensitic transformation temperatures were significantly decreased by the substitution of In for Ga, but the austenitic Curie temperature was only slightly decreased. Especially, both thermal and isothermal magnetization measurements revealed that the Curie temperature and saturation magnetization of the martensite were independent on the isoelectronic substitution. The results were discussed by considering the phase structures and the atomic interactions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Persistent-current switch for pancake coils of rare earth-barium-copper-oxide high-temperature superconductor: Design and test results of a double-pancake coil operated in liquid nitrogen (77–65 K) and in solid nitrogen (60–57 K)

We present design and test results of a superconducting persistent current switch (PCS) for pancake coils of rare-earth-barium-copper-oxide, REBCO, high-temperature superconductor (HTS). Here, a REBCO double-pancake (DP) coil, 152-mm ID, 168-mm OD, 12-mm high, was wound with a no-insulation technique. We converted a ∼10-cm long section in the outermost layer of each pancake to a PCS. The DP coil was operated in liquid nitrogen (77–65 K) and in solid nitrogen (60–57 K). Over the operating temperature ranges of this experiment, the normal-state PCS enabled the DP coil to be energized; thereupon, the PCS resumed the superconducting state and the DP coil field decayed with a time constant of 100 h, which would have been nearly infinite, i.e., persistent-mode operation, were the joint across the coil terminals superconducting.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Compression of bulk metallic glass Zr[subscript 57]Cu[subscript 15.4]Ni[subscript 12.6]Al[subscript 10]Nb[subscript 5] to 122 GPa

Ultra high pressure X-ray diffraction studies have been carried out on group IV transition metals-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) Zr{sub 57}Cu{sub 15.4}Ni{sub 12.6}Al{sub 10}Nb{sub 5} to a pressure of 122 GPa at ambient temperature in a diamond anvil cell. Image plate X-ray diffraction studies under high pressure were carried out at a synchrotron source and the two BMG diffraction bands can be followed to the highest pressure using an internal copper pressure standard. Our experiments show that the BMG is stable to compression as high as 40% and thermal activation is needed to nucleate nanostructures/crystallization under extreme conditions. The fit to the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state gives bulk modulus (B{sub 0}) = 116 GPa and its pressure derivative B' = 3.04. The measured differential radial distribution function shows gradual compression of the shell structures in the BMG to extreme compressions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

57 Fe Mössbauer study of stoichiometric iron-based superconductor CaKFe 4 As 4 : a comparison to KFe 2 As 2 and CaFe 2 As 2

57 Fe Mössbauer spectra at different temperatures between ~5 and ~300 K were measured on an oriented mosaic of single crystals of CaKFe 4 As 4 . The data indicate that is a well formed compound with narrow spectral lines, no traces of other, Fe – containing, secondary phases in the spectra and no static magnetic order. There is no discernible feature at the superconducting transition temperature in any of the hyperfine parameters. The temperature dependence of the quadrupole splitting approximately follows the empirical ‘ T 3/2 law’. Furthermore, the hyperfine parameters of CaKFe 4 As 4 are compared with those for measured in this work, and the literature data for CaFe 2 As 2 , and were found to be in between those for these two, ordered, 122 compounds, in agreement with the gross view of CaKFe 4 As 4 as a structural analog of KFe 2 As 2 and CaFe 2 As 2 that has alternating Ca- and K-layers in the structure.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Strong far-infrared cooling lines, peculiar CO kinematics, and possible star-formation suppression in Hickson compact group 57

We present [C II] and [O I] observations from Herschel and CO(1-0) maps from the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy (CARMA) of the Hickson compact group HCG 57, focusing on the galaxies HCG 57a and HCG 57d. HCG 57a has been previously shown to contain enhanced quantities of warm molecular hydrogen consistent with shock or turbulent heating. Our observations show that HCG 57d has strong [C II] emission compared to L {sub FIR} and weak CO(1-0), while in HCG 57a, both the [C II] and CO(1-0) are strong. HCG 57a lies at the upper end of the normal distribution of the [C II]/CO and [C II]/FIR ratios, and its far-infrared (FIR) cooling supports a low-density, warm, diffuse gas that falls close to the boundary of acceptable models of a photon-dominated region. However, the power radiated in the [C II] and warm H{sub 2} emissions have similar magnitudes, as seen in other shock-dominated systems and predicted by recent models. We suggest that shock heating of the [C II] is a viable alternative to photoelectric heating in violently disturbed, diffuse gas. The existence of shocks is also consistent with the peculiar CO kinematics in the galaxy, indicating that highly noncircular motions are present. These kinematically disturbed CO regions also show evidence of suppressed star formation, falling a factor of 10-30 below normal galaxies on the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation. We suggest that the peculiar properties of both galaxies are consistent with a highly dissipative, off-center collisional encounter between HCG 57d and 57a, creating ring-like morphologies in both systems. Highly dissipative gas-on-gas collisions may be more common in dense groups because of the likelihood of repeated multiple encounters. The possibility of shock-induced star-formation suppression may explain why a subset of these HCG galaxies has been found previously to fall in the mid-infrared green valley.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

SPATIALLY RESOLVED H{alpha} MAPS AND SIZES OF 57 STRONGLY STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT z {approx} 1 FROM 3D-HST: EVIDENCE FOR RAPID INSIDE-OUT ASSEMBLY OF DISK GALAXIES

We investigate the buildup of galaxies at z {approx} 1 using maps of H{alpha} and stellar continuum emission for a sample of 57 galaxies with rest-frame H{alpha} equivalent widths >100 A in the 3D-HST grism survey. We find that the H{alpha} emission broadly follows the rest-frame R-band light but that it is typically somewhat more extended and clumpy. We quantify the spatial distribution with the half-light radius. The median H{alpha} effective radius r{sub e} (H{alpha}) is 4.2 {+-} 0.1 kpc but the sizes span a large range, from compact objects with r{sub e} (H{alpha}) {approx} 1.0 kpc to extended disks with r{sub e} (H{alpha}) {approx} 15 kpc. Comparing H{alpha} sizes to continuum sizes, we find =1.3 {+-} 0.1 for the full sample. That is, star formation, as traced by H{alpha}, typically occurs out to larger radii than the rest-frame R-band stellar continuum; galaxies are growing their radii and building up from the inside out. This effect appears to be somewhat more pronounced for the largest galaxies. Using the measured H{alpha} sizes, we derive star formation rate surface densities, {Sigma}{sub SFR}. We find that {Sigma}{sub SFR} ranges from {approx}0.05 M{sub Sun} yr{sup -1} kpc{sup -2} for the largest galaxies to {approx}5 M{sub Sun} yr{sup -1} kpc{sup -2} for the smallest galaxies, implying a large range in physical conditions in rapidly star-forming z {approx} 1 galaxies. Finally, we infer that all galaxies in the sample have very high gas mass fractions and stellar mass doubling times <500 Myr. Although other explanations are also possible, a straightforward interpretation is that we are simultaneously witnessing the rapid formation of compact bulges and large disks at z {approx} 1.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

INDICATIONS OF INTERMEDIATE-SCALE ANISOTROPY OF COSMIC RAYS WITH ENERGY GREATER THAN 57 EeV IN THE NORTHERN SKY MEASURED WITH THE SURFACE DETECTOR OF THE TELESCOPE ARRAY EXPERIMENT

We have searched for intermediate-scale anisotropy in the arrival directions of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays with energies above 57 EeV in the northern sky using data collected over a 5 yr period by the surface detector of the Telescope Array experiment. We report on a cluster of events that we call the hotspot, found by oversampling using 20° radius circles. The hotspot has a Li-Ma statistical significance of 5.1σ, and is centered at R.A. = 146.°7, decl. = 43.°2. The position of the hotspot is about 19° off of the supergalactic plane. The probability of a cluster of events of 5.1σ significance, appearing by chance in an isotropic cosmic-ray sky, is estimated to be 3.7 × 10{sup –4} (3.4σ)

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

J1046+4047: an extremely low-metallicity dwarf star-forming galaxy with O32 = 57

ABSTRACT Using the optical spectrum obtained with the Kitt Peak Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph mounted on the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m Telescope and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectrum, we study the properties of one of the most metal-poor dwarf star-forming galaxies (SFGs) in the local Universe, J1046+4047. The galaxy, with a redshift z = 0.04874, was selected from the Data Release 16 of the SDSS. Its properties are among the most extreme for SFGs in several ways. The oxygen abundance 12 + log(O/H) = 7.082 ± 0.016 in J1046+4047 is among the lowest ever observed. With an absolute magnitude Mg = −16.51 mag, a low stellar mass M⋆ = 1.8 × 106 M⊙, and a very low mass-to-light ratio M⋆/Lg ∼ 0.0029 (in solar units), J1046+4047 has a very high specific star formation rate sSFR ∼ 430 Gyr−1, indicating very active ongoing star formation. Another striking feature of J1046+4047 is that it possesses a ratio O32 = I([O iii] λ5007)/I([O ii] λ3727) ∼ 57. Using this extremely high O32, we have confirmed and improved the strong-line calibration for the determination of oxygen abundances in the most metal-deficient galaxies, in the range 12 + log(O/H) ≲ 7.65. This improved method is applicable for all galaxies with O32 ≤ 60. We find the H α emission line in J1046+4047 to be enhanced by some non-recombination processes and thus cannot be used for the determination of interstellar extinction.

Izotov, Y. I. (ORCID:0000000214166082)↗
DOE OSTI2026

Study of Key 57 Ni ⁢(𝑝,𝛾)⁢ 58 Cu Resonances to Understand 44 Ti Nucleosynthesis in Supernovae

An important validation of nucleosynthesis models of core-collapse supernovae is the comparison of radioisotope predictions to abundances inferred from observations of 𝛾 rays emitted in remnants. One such isotope, 44 Ti, is especially sensitive to the 57 Ni ⁢(𝑝,𝛾)⁢ 58 Cu reaction rate. Despite this importance, no experimentally constrained rate exists for this reaction. It is thus crucial to determine this rate. GRETINA ORRUBA: Dual Detectors for Experimental Structure Studies (GODDESS) was used along with the first use of the Enge split-pole spectrograph at Notre Dame to measure structure properties of 58 Cu via the 58 Ni ⁢( 3 He,𝑡)⁢ 58 Cu reaction. Here, the combined analysis of these complementary data sets allows for precise determination of 58 Cu level energies, and spins are constrained from analysis of the 𝛾-ray decay. 44 Ti yields were found to change by over 25% compared to previous estimates in model calculations using the new experimentally constrained reaction rate.

energy levels↗
DOE OSTI2016

Transition to collapsed tetragonal phase in CaFe 2 As 2 single crystals as seen by 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy

Temperature dependent measurements of 57 Fe Mössbauer spectra on CaFe 2 As 2 single crystals in the tetragonal and collapsed tetragonal phases are reported. Clear features in the temperature dependencies of the isomer shift, relative spectra area, and quadrupole splitting are observed at the transition from the tetragonal to the collapsed tetragonal phase. From the temperature dependent isomer shift and spectral area data, an average stiffening of the phonon modes in the collapsed tetragonal phase is inferred. The quadrupole splitting increases by ~25% on cooling from room temperature to ~100 K in the tetragonal phase and is only weakly temperature dependent at low temperatures in the collapsed tetragonal phase, in agreement with the anisotropic thermal expansion in this material. In order to gain microscopic insight about these measurements, we perform ab initio density functional theory calculations of the electric field gradient and the electron density of CaFe 2 As 2 in both phases. By comparing the experimental data with the calculations we are able to fully characterize the crystal structure of the samples in the collapsed-tetragonal phase through determination of the As z coordinate. Furthermore, based on the obtained temperature dependent structural data we are able to propose charge saturation of the Fe-As bond region as the mechanism behind the stabilization of the collapsed-tetragonal phase at ambient pressure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism in CaK(Fe 1–x Ni x ) 4 As 4 as probed by 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy

Temperature dependent 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and specific heat measurements for CaK(Fe 1–x Ni x ) 4 As 4 with x = 0, 0.017, 0.033, and 0.049 are presented. No magnetic hyperfine field (i.e., no static magnetic order) down to 5.5 K was detected for x = 0 and 0.017 in agreement with the absence of any additional feature below superconducting transition temperature T c in the specific heat data. The evolution of magnetic hyperfine field with temperature was studied for x = 0.033 and 0.049. The long-range magnetic order in these two compounds coexists with superconductivity. The magnetic hyperfine field B hf (ordered magnetic moment) below T c in CaK(Fe 0.967 Ni 0.033 ) 4 As 4 is continuously suppressed with the developing superconducting order parameter. The B hf ( T ) data for CaK(Fe 0.967 Ni 0.033 ) 4 As 4 and CaK(Fe 0.951 Ni 0.049 ) 4 As 4 can be described reasonably well by Machida's model for coexistence of itinerant spin density wave magnetism and superconductivity. Furthermore, we demonstrate directly that superconductivity suppresses the spin density wave order parameter if the conditions are right, in agreement with the theoretical analysis.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

SU-E-P-57: Radiation Doses Assessment to Paediatric Patients for Some Digital Diagnostic Radiology Examination in Emergency Department in Qatar

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate radiation doses to pediatric patients undergoing standard radiographic examinations using Direct Digital Radiography (DDR) in Paediatric emergency center of Hamad General Hospital (HGH) in state of Qatar and compared with regional and international Dose Reference Levels (DRLs). Methods: Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) was measured for 2739 patients for two common X-ray examinations namely: Chest AP/PA, Abdomen. Exposure factors such as kV, mAs and Focal to Skin Distance (FSD) were recorded for each patient. Tube Output was measured for a range of selected kV values. ESD for each individual patient was calculated using the tube output and the technical exposure factors for each examination. The ESD values were compared with the some international Dose Reference Levels (DRL) for all types of examinations. Results: The most performed procedure during the time of this study was chest PA/PA (85%). The mean ESD values obtained from AP chest, PA chest and AP abdomen ranged 91–120, 80–84 and 209 – 659 µGy per radiograph for different age’s groups respectively. Two protocols have been used for chest AP and PA using different radiological parameters, and the different of ESD values for chest PA and were 41% for 1 years old child, 57% for 5 years old for chest AP. Conclusion: The mean ESD were compared with those found in literature and were found to be comparable. The radiation dose can be reduced more for Chest AP and PA examination by optimization of each investigation and hence more studies are required for this task. The results presented will serve as a baseline data needed for deriving local reference doses for pediatric X-ray examinations in this local department and hence it can be applied in the whole Qatar.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

EXPRESS: Accurate Measurement of the Optical Constants n and k for a Series of 57 Inorganic and Organic Liquids for Optical Modeling and Detection

For optical modeling and other purposes, we have created a library of 57 liquids for which we have measured the complex optical constants n and k. These liquids vary in their nature, ranging in properties including chemical structure, optical band strength, volatility and viscosity. By obtaining the optical constants one can in principle model most optical phenomena in media and at interfaces including reflection, refraction and dispersion. Based on the original methods of J.E. Bertie et al.1 [1Bert1], we have developed improved protocols using multiple path lengths to determine the optical constants n/k for dozens of liquids, including inorganic, organic and organophosphorus compounds. Detailed descriptions of the measurement and data reduction protocols are discussed; agreement of the derived optical constant n and k values with literature values are presented. We also present results using the n/k values as applied to an optical modeling scenario whereby the derived data are presented and tested for models of 1 µm and 100 µm layers for DMMP (dimethyl methyl phosphonate) on both metal (aluminum) and dielectric (soda lime glass) substrates to show substantial differences between the reflected signal from highly reflective substrates and less-reflective substrates.

infrared↗
DOE OSTI2017

Project 57 Air Monitoring Report: January 1 through December 31, 2016

On April 24, 1957, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC, now the Department of Energy [DOE]) conducted the Project 57 safety experiment in western Emigrant Valley northeast of the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS, formerly the Nevada Test Site) on lands withdrawn by the Department of Defense (DOD) for the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR). The test was undertaken to develop (1) a means of estimating plutonium distribution resulting from a non-nuclear detonation; (2) biomedical evaluation techniques for use in plutonium-laden environments; (3) methods of surface decontamination; and (4) instruments and field procedures for prompt estimation of alpha contamination (Shreve, 1958). Although the test did not result in the fission of nuclear materials, it did disseminate plutonium across the land surface. Following the experiment, the AEC fenced the contaminated area and returned control of the surrounding land to the DOD. Various radiological surveys were performed in the area and in 2007, the DOE expanded the demarked Contamination Area (CA) by posting signs 200 to 400 ft (60 to 120 m) outside of the original fence.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 415: Project 57 No. 1 Plutonium Dispersion (NTTR) Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada, Revision 0 with ROTC-1

This Closure Report (CR) presents information supporting the closure of Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 415: Project 57 No. 1 Plutonium Dispersion, which is located on Range 4808A of the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR). This CR complies with the requirements of the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO) that was agreed to by the State of Nevada; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Environmental Management; U.S. Department of Defense; and DOE, Legacy Management. CAU 415 comprises one corrective action site (CAS): NAFR-23-02, Pu Contaminated Soil. The purpose of this CR is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation that no further corrective action is needed for CAU 415 based on the implementation of the corrective action of Closure in Place.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

Project 57 Air Monitoring Report: January 1 through December 31, 2019

On April 24, 1957, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) (now the Department of Energy [DOE]) conducted the Project 57 safety experiment in western Emigrant Valley northeast of the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) (formerly the Nevada Test Site) on lands withdrawn by the Department of Defense (DOD) for the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR). The test was performed to (1) assess a technique for estimating plutonium distribution resulting from a nonnuclear detonation, (2) develop biomedical evaluation techniques for use in plutonium-laden environments, (3) evaluate methods of surface decontamination, and (4) evaluate instruments and field procedures for the prompt estimation of alpha contamination (Shreve, 1958). Although the test did not result in the fission of nuclear materials, it did disseminate plutonium across the land surface. Following the experiment, the AEC fenced the contaminated area and returned control of the surrounding land to the DOD. Various radiological surveys were performed in the area and the DOE expanded the demarked Contamination Area (CA) in 2007 by posting signs 200 ft to 400 ft (60 m to 120 m) outside of the original fence.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗