A transient heat transfer model for high temperature solar thermochemical reactors
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A general two temperature nonlinear thermodynamic model to describe thermoelectric effects is introduced. Its compatibility with the second law of thermodynamics is investigated. We specialize the model in the framework of thermomass theory and estimate the maximum efficiency of a one-dimensional thermoelectric generator.
The Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR) Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) model is used by ACRR reactor operators and experiment designers at Sandia National Laboratories for a variety of computational calculations ranging from reactor kinetics parameter estimates and safety analyses to experimental planning. To understand the dominant source of uncertainty within the MCNP model, perturbations in temperature were applied to individual ACRR MCNP fuel rods. Fuel rod temperatures were randomly sampled from a uniform distribution from operational temperatures to quantify temperature-related uncertainty effects. Stochastic mixing was used to blend the cross sections of the desired temperatures using the MCNP continuous and Thermal Neutron Scattering Treatment [S(α,β)] libraries in ENDF/B-VII.1. Furthermore, this uncertainty analysis produced a 640 row × 640 column correlation and covariance matrix of the neutron energy spectra. Positive covariance was produced around the 1-MeV region and the 0.2-eV region. Correlation was found in the thermal and fast energy regions, but no correlation was observed in the slowing-down energy region because interactions in this region are not dominated by fuel.
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This report describes improvements made to the solid mechanics formulation in the MOOSE open source finite element simulation environment and the open source Nuclear Engineering Material model Library (NEML) for mechanical constitutive models. The focus of these improvements is to improve the usability and performance of simulations involving one or both pieces of software. Specifically, this work completes a new system for solid mechanics simulations in the MOOSE ecosystem providing exact linearizations and optimal (quadratic) convergence, for a variety of coordinate systems and material types, including large deformation simulations. This work then provides users a framework to build highly efficient mechanical simulations of structures or materials or to couple in additional MOOSE physics modules to build complex, scalable multiphysics simulations.
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Low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) is established as an excellent packaging technology for high reliability, high density microelectronics. LTCC multichip modules (MCMs) comprising both ‘surface mount’ and ‘chip and wire’ technologies provide additional customization for performance. Long term robustness of the packages is impacted by the selection of seal frame and lid materials used to enclose the components inside distinct rooms in LTCC MCMs. An LTCC seal frame and lid combination has been developed that is capable of meeting the sealing and electromagnetic shielding requirements of MCMs. Here, we analyze the stress and strain performance of various seal frame and lid materials, sealing materials, and configurations. The application for the MCM will affect selection of the seal frame, lid, and sealing materials based on this analysis.
Day/night Heat Capacity Mapping Mission image pairs over Kansas and Indiana were used to examine the spatial variation of moisture availability on the mesoscale. Of particular concern was whether patterns of moisture availability and thermal inertia, as well as surface heat fluxes, respond to significant spatial variations in the rainfall pattern. A temperature analysis for the Indiana case is presented.