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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 703 records · Page 39
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Techno-economic feasibility of borehole thermal energy storage system connected to geothermal heat pumps for seasonal heating load of two buildings in Fairbanks, Alaska

Borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) is an effective solution for managing imbalanced heating and cooling loads in cold regions. This study evaluated the long-term feasibility of a BTES system in the Fairbanks area, Alaska, through building energy modeling, resource characterization, and numerical modeling. The system was designed to store waste heat from a nearby coal power plant during summer and provide thermal energy during winter to geothermal heat pumps supplying heating loads in two buildings. Heating load profiles were modeled for the buildings using EnergyPlus, and the results indicated the annual heating load was 5.6 times greater than the cooling load. 40 borehole heat exchangers were pre-designed approximately 100 m away from the two buildings in terms of land availability and regulatorily optimized depth. The 20-year performance of the designed BTES system under two operational scenarios—one with a 5-year preheating period and one without—was numerically modeled using subsurface temperature and properties characterized through the literature review and thermal response tests. Both scenarios demonstrated that the BTES has the capacity to fully cover the heating loads in the two buildings throughout the 20-year lifetime. Production temperatures at central wells were 33 % higher on average than at outer wells in both scenarios. The 5-year preheating period increased subsurface and extraction temperatures, and correspondingly annual average and total thermal energy production was higher for 8 years than in the scenario without the preheating period. These results highlight the long-term reliability and sustainability of the BTES system in meeting heating demands over its lifetime, with the preheating period offering potential performance improvements. Implementing the BTES system in cold regions with high heating demand, such as Fairbanks, Alaska, could provide a long-term, sustainable energy solution for managing imbalanced heating and cooling loads.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1980

Thermal energy storage systems using fluidized bed heat exchangers

The viability of using fluidized bed heat exchangers (FBHX) for thermal energy storage (TES) in applications with potential for waste heat recovery was investigated. Of the candidate applications screened, cement plant rotary kilns and steel plant electric arc furnaces were identified, via the chosen selection criteria, as having the best potential for successful use of FBHX/TES system. A computer model of the FBHX/TES systems was developed and the technical feasibility of the two selected applications was verified. Economic and tradeoff evaluations in progress for final optimization of the systems and selection of the most promising system for further concept validation are described.

Ramanathan, V.↗
DOE OSTI2014

Development of ultra-high field superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for use in the ARPA-E project titled “Superconducting Magnet Energy Storage System with Direct Power Electronics Interface”

The purpose of the CRADA is to enable superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for grid-level applications by developing a cost competitive, high energy-storage density, ultra-high field SMES coil using 2G HTS wire in combination with a flexible new modular power electronics interface capable of connection to medium voltage distribution networks.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Screening of alkali-assisted storage conditions to define the operational window of deacetylation within storage systems in the bioenergy supply chain

Overcoming biomass heterogeneity and associated recalcitrance to thermal, chemical, and enzymatic depolymerization is a necessary but challenging aspect of valorizing lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals. Here, this study explores how this recalcitrance can be reduced during the supply chain unit operation of storage, which is required for seasonally harvested agricultural residues to maintain constant throughput at a biorefinery. In this work, partial alkali pretreatment was performed just prior to corn stover entering storage, which had the benefit of providing a high pH environment entering storage such that soluble sugars were preserved and saponified acetyl groups in hemicellulose. This work investigated a range of viable conditions where saponification and preservation occur simultaneously by varying the moisture content (40% and 60%) and concentrations of sodium hydroxide (low and high) during aerobic and anaerobic storage. Anaerobic conditions preserved overall dry matter below 5% in the three scenarios evaluated, and the highest alkali loading solubilized up to 15% lignin, 18% xylan, and 50% of acetate, meanwhile doubling the extractable components. Scanning electron microscopy images highlighted potential physical impacts including cell-wall disruption near vascular bundles, pitting within parenchyma cells, and cell-wall distortion. Techno-economic assessment indicated that this storage approach and associated logistics system is economically competitive with a conventional approach using low-moisture bales.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Hydromechanical modelling to evaluate impact of fault structure on CO 2 migration in stacked storage system

Faulting processes produce a complex fault damage zone (FDZ) having permeability variations over several orders of magnitude within a very short distance. In this study we use an example normal fault system from a depleted oil field in southern Louisiana with multiple stacked sand beds along the fault structure. Geostatistical techniques are used to introduce heterogeneities of several orders of magnitude over very short distances that honor the across- and along-fault architecture of the system. A total of 15 cases are simulated to account for the impact of a fragmented core, an intact core and a naturally fractured core on inter-sand leakage rates. The presented results show the complex nature of CO 2 migration within the fault structure, where an interplay between overcoming the fault core’s high capillary entry pressure and stress propagation in the vertical direction dictates the leakage direction and rates. It is observed that hydromechanical evolution of fracture flow properties may result in significant leakage from the storage zone. In one case with small caprock thickness, a loss of 18% of the total injected mass is observed. The results presented highlight some unique features of representative fault related leakage in stacked sand systems and thus will be beneficial for storage integrity analysis in these systems.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1992

An open, parallel I/O computer as the platform for high-performance, high-capacity mass storage systems

APTEC Computer Systems is a Portland, Oregon based manufacturer of I/O computers. APTEC's work in the context of high density storage media is on programs requiring real-time data capture with low latency processing and storage requirements. An example of APTEC's work in this area is the Loral/Space Telescope-Data Archival and Distribution System. This is an existing Loral AeroSys designed system, which utilizes an APTEC I/O computer. The key attributes of a system architecture that is suitable for this environment are as follows: (1) data acquisition alternatives; (2) a wide range of supported mass storage devices; (3) data processing options; (4) data availability through standard network connections; and (5) an overall system architecture (hardware and software designed for high bandwidth and low latency). APTEC's approach is outlined in this document.

Abineri, Adrian↗
DOE OSTI2021

Development of an Advanced Hydrogen Energy Storage System using Aerogel in a Cryogenic Flux Capacitor (CFC)

The Cryogenic Flux Capacitor (CFC) is a cold, dense fluid storage core with integrated design features that afford the designer flexibility and provide new possibilities for the storage and discharge of energy. The stored energy, in this case, is represented by hydrogen physically bonded within the nanoscale pores within the aerogel composite blanket material, and the process of bonding or debonding is governed by principles of physical adsorption (physisorption) and thermodynamics. The large surface area afforded by the nanoporous aerogel (~1,000 m2/g) allows for storage densities close to, or in some cases exceeding, that of normal boiling point liquids. Its performance easily exceeds what can be achieved via ambient temperature, high-pressure gas storage for an equivalent volume. CFC storage is predicted to be easily scalable, is constructed from readily available commercial materials, lends itself to a range of pressure applications, and is geometry insensitive. They can also be used in modular designs, affording even more flexibility for potential deployment. In addition to the aerogel adsorbent within the blanket material, a CFC includes thermally-conductive membrane layered with the aerogel, which acts as a large-area, quick-response thermal management system. The system conducts heat throughout the volume to discharge the unit quickly. This same thermal management system can also be connected to a refrigeration system, or cold fluid such as liquid nitrogen (LN2), to facilitate the charging up of the CFC. The charging and discharging can be performed as fast or as slow as desired by controlling the cooling or heating supplied to the CFC.

08 HYDROGEN↗
NASA NTRS1996

The Challenges Facing Science Data Archiving on Current Mass Storage Systems

This paper discusses the desired characteristics of a tape-based petabyte science data archive and retrieval system required to store and distribute several terabytes (TB) of data per day over an extended period of time, probably more than 115 years, in support of programs such as the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS). These characteristics take into consideration not only cost effective and affordable storage capacity, but also rapid access to selected files, and reading rates that are needed to satisfy thousands of retrieval transactions per day. It seems that where rapid random access to files is not crucial, the tape medium, magnetic or optical, continues to offer cost effective data storage and retrieval solutions, and is likely to do so for many years to come. However, in environments like EOS these tape based archive solutions provide less than full user satisfaction. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to describe the performance and operational enhancements that need to be made to the current tape based archival systems in order to achieve greater acceptance by the EOS and similar user communities.

Peavey, Bernard↗
NASA NTRS2004

Filtering and Control of High Speed Motor Current in a Flywheel Energy Storage System

The NASA Glenn Research Center has been developing technology to enable the use of high speed flywheel energy storage units in future spacecraft for the last several years. An integral part of the flywheel unit is the three phase motor/generator that is used to accelerate and decelerate the flywheel. The motor/generator voltage is supplied from a pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter operating from a fixed DC voltage supply. The motor current is regulated through a closed loop current control that commands the necessary voltage from the inverter to achieve the desired current. The current regulation loop is the innermost control loop of the overall flywheel system and, as a result, must be fast and accurate over the entire operating speed range (20,000 to 60,000 rpm) of the flywheel. The voltage applied to the motor is a high frequency PWM version of the DC bus voltage that results in the commanded fundamental value plus higher order harmonics. Most of the harmonic content is at the switching frequency and above. The higher order harmonics cause a rapid change in voltage to be applied to the motor that can result in large voltage stresses across the motor windings. In addition, the high frequency content in the motor causes sensor noise in the magnetic bearings that leads to disturbances for the bearing control. To alleviate these problems, a filter is used to present a more sinusoidal voltage to the motor/generator. However, the filter adds additional dynamics and phase lag to the motor system that can interfere with the performance of the current regulator. This paper will discuss the tuning methodology and results for the motor/generator current regulator and the impact of the filter on the control. Results at speeds up to 50,000 rpm are presented.

Kenny, Barbara H.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Mass storage systems for data transport in the early space station era 1992-1998

NASA's Space Station Program will provide a vehicle to deploy an unprecedented number of data producing experiments and operational devices. Peak down link data rates are expected to be in the 500 megabit per second range and the daily data volume could reach 2.4 terabytes. Such startling requirements inspired an internal NASA study to determine if economically viable data storage solutions are likely to be available to support the Ground Data Transport segment of the NASA data system. To derive the requirements for data storage subsystems, several alternative data transport architectures were identified with different degrees of decentralization. Data storage operations at each subsystem were categorized based on access time and retrieval functions, and reduced to the following types of subsystems: First in First out (FIFO) storage, fast random access storage, and slow access with staging. The study showed that industry funded magnetic and optical storage technology has a reasonable probability of meeting these requirements. There are, however, system level issues that need to be addressed in the near term.

Carper, Richard↗
DOE OSTI2024

Energy storage system

A system, a method, and a computer program product for providing heterogeneous unifying battery storage. A state-of-health value of a battery is determined. The state-of-health value of the battery is less than an original capacity value of the battery. The battery is connected to an electrical power source for re-conditioning. A target state-of-health value for the battery and a number of cycles required to achieve the target state-of-health value of the battery are determined. Each cycle in the number of cycles includes at least one of: a charging the battery and a discharging the battery. The battery is re-conditioned by cycling the battery using the determined number of cycles. Cycling includes drawing electrical power from the electrical power source.

Tong, Shijie↗
DOE OSTI2022

Savings in Action: Lessons from Observed and Modeled Residential Solar Plus Storage Systems [Slides]

The study performed two related analyses using data from a new-construction residential community equipped with rooftop solar and storage (S+S) in Arizona. The study analyzed the factors that determine customer electricity cost savings from S+S adoption. The research compared the Arizona case study data to modeled system performance to understand how models deviate from real-world outcomes. Based on these findings, NREL explored ways to improve such models and, conversely, use modeled results to suggest improvements to S+S dispatches.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗