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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 703 records · Page 39
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Cluster Abundances, Weak Lensing, and Galaxy Correlations

We present the first joint analysis of cluster abundances and auto or cross-correlations of three cosmic tracer fields: galaxy density, weak gravitational lensing shear, and cluster density split by optical richness. From a joint analysis (4×2pt+N) of cluster abundances, three cluster cross-correlations, and the auto correlations of the galaxy density measured from the first year data of the Dark Energy Survey, we obtain Ωm=0.305-0.038+0.055 and σ8=0.783-0.054+0.064. This result is consistent with constraints from the DES-Y1 galaxy clustering and weak lensing two-point correlation functions for the flat νΛCDM model. Consequently, we combine cluster abundances and all two-point correlations from across all three cosmic tracer fields (6×2pt+N) and find improved constraints on cosmological parameters as well as on the cluster observable-mass scaling relation. This analysis is an important advance in both optical cluster cosmology and multiprobe analyses of upcoming wide imaging surveys.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Local structure order in Pd 78 Cu 6 Si 16 liquid

The short-range order (SRO) in Pd 78 Cu 6 Si 16 liquid was studied by high energy x-ray diffraction and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The calculated pair correlation functions at different temperatures agree well with the experimental results. The partial pair correlation functions from ab intio MD simulations indicate that Si atoms prefer to be uniformly distributed while Cu atoms tend to aggregate. By performing structure analysis using Honeycutt-Andersen index, Voronoi tessellation, and atomic cluster alignment method, we show that the icosahedron and face-centered cubic SRO increase upon cooling. The dominant SRO is the Pd-centered Pd 9 Si 2 motif, namely the structure of which motif is similar to the structure of Pd-centered clusters in the Pd 9 Si 2 crystal. The study further confirms the existence of trigonal prism capped with three half-octahedra that is reported as a structural unit in Pd-based amorphous alloys. The majority of Cu-centered clusters are icosahedra, suggesting that the presence of Cu is benefit to promote the glass forming ability.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

QUASARS PROBING QUASARS. VI. EXCESS H I ABSORPTION WITHIN ONE PROPER Mpc OF z ∼ 2 QUASARS

With close pairs of quasars at different redshifts, a background quasar sightline can be used to study a foreground quasar's environment in absorption. We use a sample of 650 projected quasar pairs to study the H I Lyα absorption transverse to luminous, z ∼ 2 quasars at proper separations of 30 kpc < R < 1 Mpc. In contrast to measurements along the line-of-sight, regions transverse to quasars exhibit enhanced H I Lyα absorption and a larger variance than the ambient intergalactic medium, with increasing absorption and variance toward smaller scales. Analysis of composite spectra reveals excess absorption characterized by a Lyα equivalent width profile W = 2.3 Å (R /100 kpc){sup –0.46}. We also observe a high (≅ 60%) covering factor of strong, optically thick H I absorbers (H I column N{sub H{sub I}}>10{sup 17.3} cm{sup -2}) at separations R < 200 kpc, which decreases to ∼20% at R ≅ 1 Mpc, but still represents a significant excess over the cosmic average. This excess of optically thick absorption can be described by a quasar-absorber cross-correlation function ξ{sub QA}(r) = (r/r{sub 0}){sup γ} with a large correlation length r{sub 0} = 12.5{sup +2.7}{sub -1.4} h{sup -1} Mpc (comoving) and γ=1.68{sup +0.14}{sub -0.30}. The H I absorption measured around quasars exceeds that of any previously studied population, consistent with quasars being hosted by massive dark matter halos M{sub halo} ≈ 10{sup 12.5} M{sub ☉} at z ∼ 2.5. The environments of these massive halos are highly biased toward producing optically thick gas, and may even dominate the cosmic abundance of Lyman limit systems and hence the intergalactic opacity to ionizing photons at z ∼ 2.5. The anisotropic absorption around quasars implies the transverse direction is much less likely to be illuminated by ionizing radiation than the line-of-sight.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1983

Design considerations for a real-time ocular counterroll instrument

A real-time algorithm for measuring three-dimensional movement of the human eye, especially torsional movement, is presented. As its input, the system uses images of the eyeball taken at video rate. The amount of horizontal and vertical movement is extracted using a pupil tracking technique. The torsional movement is then measured by computing the discrete cross-correlation function between the circular samples of successive images of the iris patterns and searching for the position of the peak of the function. A local least square interpolation around the peak of the cross-correlation function is used to produce nearly unbiased estimates of torsion angle with accuracy of about 3-4 arcmin. Accuracies of better than 0.03 deg are achievable in torsional measurement with SNR higher than 36 dB. Horizontal and vertical rotations of up to + or - 13 deg can occur simultaneously with torsion without introducing any appreciable error in the counterrolling measurement process.

Hatamian, M.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Erratum: Lévy-stable two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in s N N = 200 GeV Au + Au collisions [Phys. Rev. C 97 , 064911 (2018)]

We previously published in 2018 a detailed measurement recorded in 2010 for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{^SNN}$ = 200 GeV of charged two-pion correlation functions in 0%-30% centrality. We found the data to be well described by Bose-Einstein correlation functions stemming from L$\acute{e}$vy-stable source distributions. Using a fine transverse momentum binning, we extracted the correlation strength parameter λ, the L$\acute{e}$vy index of stability α and the L$\acute{e}$vy length scale parameter R as a function of average transverse mass of the pair m T .

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

THE STELLAR-TO-HALO MASS RELATION OF LOCAL GALAXIES SEGREGATES BY COLOR

By means of a statistical approach that combines different semi-empirical methods of galaxy-halo connection, we derive the stellar-to-halo mass relations (SHMR) of local blue and red central galaxies. We also constrain the fraction of halos hosting blue/red central galaxies and the occupation statistics of blue and red satellites as a function of halo mass, M {sub h}. For the observational input we use the blue and red central/satellite galaxy stellar mass functions and two-point correlation functions in the stellar mass range of 9 < log(M {sub *}/M {sub ☉}) <12. We find that: (1) the SHMR of central galaxies is segregated by color, with blue centrals having a SHMR above that of red centrals; at log(M {sub h}/M {sub ☉}) ∼12, the M {sub *}-to-M {sub h} ratio of the blue centrals is ≈0.05, which is ∼1.7 times larger than the value of red centrals. (2) The constrained scatters around the SHMRs of red and blue centrals are ≈0.14 and ≈0.11 dex, respectively. The scatter of the average SHMR of all central galaxies changes from ∼0.20 dex to ∼0.14 dex in the 11.3 < log(M {sub h}/M {sub ☉}) <15 range. (3) The fraction of halos hosting blue centrals at M{sub h}=10{sup 11} M {sub ☉} is 87%, but at 2 × 10{sup 12} M {sub ☉} decays to ∼20%, approaching a few percent at higher masses. The characteristic mass at which this fraction is the same for blue and red galaxies is M{sub h}≈7×10{sup 11} M {sub ☉}. Our results suggest that the SHMR of central galaxies at large masses is shaped by mass quenching. At low masses processes that delay star formation without invoking too strong supernova-driven outflows could explain the high M {sub *}-to-M {sub h} ratios of blue centrals as compared to those of the scarce red centrals.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Are we living near the center of a local void?

The properties of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarisation anisotropies measured by a static, off-centered observer located in a local spherically symmetric void, are described. In particular in this paper we compute, together with the standard 2-point angular correlation functions, the off-diagonal correlators, which are no more vanishing by symmetry. While the energy shift induced by the off-centered position of the observer can be suppressed by a proper choice of the observer velocity, a lensing-like effect on the CMB emission point remains. This latter effect is genuinely geometrical (e.g. non-degenerate with a boost) and reflects in the structure of the off-diagonal correlators. At lowest order in this effect, the temperature and polarisation correlation matrices have non-vanishing diagonal elements, as usual, and all the off-diagonal terms are excited. This particular signature of a local void model allows one, in principle, to disentangle geometrical effects from local kinematical ones in CMB observations.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

On the initial condition of inflationary fluctuations

It is usually assumed that the inflationary fluctuations start from the Bunch-Davies (BD) vacuum and the iε prescription is used when interactions are calculated. We show that those assumptions can be verified explicitly by calculating the loop corrections to the inflationary two-point and three-point correlation functions. Those loop corrections can be resummed to exponential factors, which suppress non-BD coefficients and behave as the iε factor for the case of the BD initial condition. A new technique of loop chain diagram resummation is developed for this purpose. For the non-BD initial conditions which is setup at finite time and has not fully decayed, explicit correction to the two-point and three-point correlation functions are calculated. Especially, non-Gaussianity in the folded limit is regularized due to the interactions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Effects of Morphology and Geometry of Inclusions on Two-Point Correlation Statistics in Two Phase Composites

A spectral form of the two-point correlation functions for two-phase composites is presented and the effects of secondary phase morphology, geometry and volume fraction on the coefficients of the corresponding series are studied. Initially, a principal component analysis is performed on the coefficients of the series and then, the effects of different morphological and geometrical parameters of the second phase inclusions on two-point correlation functions are examined. A direct linkage between the principal components of the coefficients with the morphological features (inclusion shape, aspect ratio and size) is established and the influence of preferred orientation of the anisotropic inclusions is also investigated. Finally a composite hull is constructed using the principal components of the coefficients in a three-dimensional space, which helps in determining the interrelation of properties and microstructures of any composite containing these types of inclusions.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Dataset for manuscript "Rotational Memory Function of SPC/E water"

Memory effect are essential for dynamics of condensed materials and are responsible for non-exponential relaxation of correlation functions of dynamic variables through the memory function entering the memory equation. Memory functions of dipole rotations for polar liquids have never been calculated. We present here calculations of memory functions and single-dipole rotations and of the overall system dipole moment for SPC/E water measured by dielectric spectroscopy. The memory functions for single-particle and collective dynamics turn out to be nearly identical. This result validates theories of dielectric spectroscopy in terms of single-particle time correlation function and the connection between the collective and single-particle relaxation times in terms of the Kirkwood factor. The dataset includes single particle and system dipole moments, including their time-dependence.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Open quantum systems and Schwinger-Keldysh holograms

We initiate the study of open quantum field theories using holographic methods. Specifically, we consider a quantum field theory (the system) coupled to a holographic field theory at finite temperature (the environment). We investigate the effects of integrating out the holographic environment with an aim of obtaining an effective dynamics for the resulting open quantum field theory. The influence functionals which enter this open effective action are determined by the real-time (Schwinger-Keldysh) correlation functions of the holographic thermal environment. To evaluate the latter, we exploit recent developments, wherein the semiclassical gravitational Schwinger-Keldysh saddle geometries were identified as complexified black hole spacetimes. We compute real-time correlation functions using holographic methods in these geometries, and argue that they lead to a sensible open effective quantum dynamics for the system in question, a question that hitherto had been left unanswered. In addition to shedding light on open quantum systems coupled to strongly correlated thermal environments, our results also provide a principled computation of Schwinger-Keldysh observables in gravity and holography. In particular, these influence functionals we compute capture both the dissipative physics of black hole quasi- normal modes, as well as that of the fluctuations encoded in outgoing Hawking quanta, and interactions between them. We obtain results for these observables at leading order in a low frequency and momentum expansion in general dimensions, in addition to determining explicit results for two dimensional holographic CFT environments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Dynamically consistent method for mixed quantum-classical simulations: A semiclassical approach

We introduce a new semiclassical (SC) framework, the Mixed Quantum-Classical Initial Value Representation (MQC-IVR), that can be tuned to reproduce existing quantum-limit and classical-limit SC approximations to quantum real-time correlation functions. Applying a modified Filinov transformation to a quantum-limit SC formulation leads to the association of a Filinov parameter with each degree of freedom in the system; varying this parameter from zero to infinity controls the extent of quantization of the corresponding mode. The resulting MQC-IVR expression provides a consistent dynamic framework for mixed quantum-classical simulations and we demonstrate its numerical accuracy in the calculation of real-time correlation functions for a model 1D system and a model 2D system over the full range of quantum- to classical-limit behaviors.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Molecular anions of polydeprotonated naphthalenes: An investigation on the metastability and deprotonation energies using nuclear-charge stabilization method

The dianions and trianions of doubly- and triply-deprotonated naphthalenes are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) computations employing hybrid, long-range, and dispersion corrected exchange-correlation functionals. The investigated polyanionic species are found to be metastable with negative electron affinity and are further treated using a nuclear-charge stabilization method. The tunneling lifetimes of these anionic species were estimated to be a few femtoseconds. Notably, the deprotonated energies (DPEs) of naphthalene leading to the formation of triply deprotonated trianions are observed to be affected by the metastability of the dianions and trianions. For the deprotonation of doubly deprotonated dianions, the DPE calculated using the improved methodology based on the stabilization method is found to be nearly 100 kcal/mol more than that computed using the conventional procedure. Though the various DFT approximations employed are in a good agreement for predicting the lifetimes of the metastable species but in the prediction of electron-affinities and deprotonation energies, the dispersion-corrected DFT-D3 significantly disagrees with the long-range corrected DFT methods employing cam-B3LYP and ωB97XD exchange-correlation functionals.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Optimising the measurement of relativistic distortions in large-scale structure

It has been shown recently that relativistic distortions generate a dipolar modulation in the two-point correlation function of galaxies. To measure this relativistic dipole it is necessary to cross-correlate different populations of galaxies with for example different luminosities or colours. In this paper, we construct an optimal estimator to measure the dipole with multiple populations. We show that this estimator increases the signal-to-noise of the dipole by up to 35 percent. Using 6 populations of galaxies, in a survey with halos and number densities similar to those of the millennium simulation, we forecast a cumulative signal-to-noise of 4.4. For the main galaxy sample of SDSS at low redshift z ≤ 0.2 our optimal estimator predicts a cumulative signal-to-noise of 2.4. Finally we forecast a cumulative signal-to-noise of 7.4 in the upcoming DESI survey. These forecasts indicate that with the appropriate choice of estimator the relativistic dipole should be detectable in current and future surveys.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Toward an accurate equation of state and B1-B2 phase boundary for magnesium oxide up to terapascal pressures and electron-volt temperatures

By applying auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo, we calculate the equation of state (EOS) and B1-B2 phase transition of magnesium oxide (MgO) up to 1 TPa. Here, the results agree with available experimental data at low pressures and are used to benchmark the performance of various exchange-correlation functionals in density functional theory calculations. We determine PBEsol is an optimal choice for the exchange-correlation functional and perform extensive phonon and quantum molecular-dynamics calculations to obtain the thermal EOS. Our results provide a preliminary reference for the EOS and B1-B2 phase boundary of MgO from zero up to 10,500 K.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

On defense strategies for system of systems using aggregated correlations

We consider a System of Systems (SoS) wherein each system Si, i = 1; 2; ... ;N, is composed of discrete cyber and physical components which can be attacked and reinforced. We characterize the disruptions using aggregate failure correlation functions given by the conditional failure probability of SoS given the failure of an individual system. We formulate the problem of ensuring the survival of SoS as a game between an attacker and a provider, each with a utility function composed of asurvival probability term and a cost term, both expressed in terms of the number of components attacked and reinforced. The survival probabilities of systems satisfy simple product-form, first-order differential conditions, which simplify the Nash Equilibrium (NE) conditions. We derive the sensitivity functions that highlight the dependence of SoS survival probability at NE on cost terms, correlation functions, and individual system survival probabilities.We apply these results to a simplified model of distributed cloud computing infrastructure.

Rao, Nageswara S.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Supersymmetric Adler functions and holography

Here, we perform several tests on a recent proposal by Shifman and Stepanyantz for an exact expression for the current correlation functions in supersymmetric gauge theories. We clarify the meaning of the relation in superconformal theories. In particular we show that it automatically follows from known relations between the current correlation functions and anomalies. It therefore also automatically matches between different dual realizations of the same superconformal theory. We use holographic examples as well as calculations in free theories to show that the proposed relation fails in theories with mass terms.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗