Crystal structure and cryogenic properties.
Mechanical properties of metals at low temperatures as function of crystal structure
CUBIC CRYSTAL↗
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Results for “structure function”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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General Forms of Wave Functions for Dipositronium, Ps2
The consequences of particle interchange symmetry for the structure of wave functions of the states of dipositronium was recently discussed by the author [I]. In the present work, the methodology is simply explained, and the wave functions are explicitly given.
Schrader, D.M.↗
Optimal simultaneous control and structure design
Optimization-based control/structure design methodologies are presented for large space structures with the H2 cost function. The order and/or structure of the compensator can be chosen in advance. It is assumed that the compensator parameters can vary freely, but the structural parameters are constrained. In addition, the CSI model is presented. The problem is stated, and algorithms are developed in MATRIXx software. Finally, the tools that are developed are tested using an 11-beam truss example.
Harn, Ywh-Pyng↗
Evaluating software testing strategies
The strategies of code reading, functional testing, and structural testing are compared in three aspects of software testing: fault detection effectiveness, fault detection cost, and classes of faults detected. The major results are the following: (1) Code readers detected more faults than did those using the other techniques, while functional tester detected more faults than did structural testers; (2) Code readers had a higher fault detection rate than did those using the other methods, while there was no difference between functional testers and structural testers; (3) Subjects testing the abstract data type detected the most faults and had the highest fault detection rate, while individuals testing the database maintainer found the fewest faults and spent the most effort testing; (4) Subjects of intermediate and junior expertise were not different in number or percentage of faults found, fault detection rate, or fault detection effort; (5) subjects of advanced expertise found a greater number of faults than did the others, found a greater percentage of faults than did just those of junior expertise, and were not different from the others in either fault detection rate or effort; and (6) Code readers and functional testers both detected more omission faults and more control faults than did structural testers, while code readers detected more interface faults than did those using the other methods.
Selby, R. W., Jr.↗
Linear analysis of opto-mechanical systems
A general framework is presented for the matrix-form, linear optical model analysis of controlled optomechanical systems; the models are conjoined with linear models of structures and controls to compute system performance as a function of optics, structures, and control parameters. Covariance analysis, optimization, and estimation/simulation are used. Attention is given to a tolerancing example for the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field and Planetary Camera, which involves the creation of a linear model of residual pupil shear.
Redding, David C.↗
Functional approximation using artificial neural networks in structural mechanics
The artificial neural networks (ANN) methodology is an outgrowth of research in artificial intelligence. In this study, the feed-forward network model that was proposed by Rumelhart, Hinton, and Williams was applied to the mapping of functions that are encountered in structural mechanics problems. Several different network configurations were chosen to train the available data for problems in materials characterization and structural analysis of plates and shells. By using the recall process, the accuracy of these trained networks was assessed.
Alam, Javed↗
Determination of Particle Sources for a Geotail Distribution Function Observed on May 23, 1995
On May 23, 1995, the Comprehensive Plasma Instrumentation (CPI) onboard the Geotail spacecraft observed a complex and structured ion distribution function near the magnetotail midplane at x approximately -10 R(sub E). On the same day, the Wind spacecraft observed a very high density (approximately 40/cubic cm) solar wind and an interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) that was predominantly northward but had several southward turnings. We have inferred the sources of the ions in this distribution function by following approximately 90,000 ion trajectories backward in time using time-dependent electric and magnetic fields obtained from a global MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) simulation. Wind data were used as input for the MHD model. We found that three sources contributed to this distribution: the ionosphere, the plasma mantle which had near-Earth and distant tail components, and the low latitude boundary layer (LLBL). Moreover, distinct structures in the low energy part of the distribution function were found to be associated with individual sources. Structures near 0 deg pitch angle were made up of either ionospheric or plasma mantle ions, while structures near 90 deg pitch angle were dominated by ions from the LLBL source. Particles that underwent nonadiabatic acceleration were numerous in the higher energy part of the ion distribution function, whereas ionospheric and LLBL ions were mostly adiabatic. A large proportion of the near-Earth mantle ions underwent adiabatic acceleration, while most of the distant mantle ions experienced nonadiabatic acceleration.
Ashour-Abdalla, M.↗
Modified Displacement Transfer Functions for Deformed Shape Predictions of Slender Curved Structures with Varying Curvatives
To eliminate the need to use finite-element modeling for structure shape predictions, a new method was invented. This method is to use the Displacement Transfer Functions to transform the measured surface strains into deflections for mapping out overall structural deformed shapes. The Displacement Transfer Functions are expressed in terms of rectilinearly distributed surface strains, and contain no material properties. This report is to apply the patented method to the shape predictions of non-symmetrically loaded slender curved structures with different curvatures up to a full circle. Because the measured surface strains are not available, finite-element analysis had to be used to analytically generate the surface strains. Previously formulated straight-beam Displacement Transfer Functions were modified by introducing the curvature-effect correction terms. Through single-point or dual-point collocations with finite-elementgenerated deflection curves, functional forms of the curvature-effect correction terms were empirically established. The resulting modified Displacement Transfer Functions can then provide quite accurate shape predictions. Also, the uniform straight-beam Displacement Transfer Function was applied to the shape predictions of a section-cut of a generic capsule (GC) outer curved sandwich wall. The resulting GC shape predictions are quite accurate in partial regions where the radius of curvature does not change sharply.
displacement transfer functions↗
<theoretical studies on the relationships be- tween the thermionic work function of refrac- tory intermetallic compounds and their electronic and crystal structures< progress report, 1 jan. - 30 jun. 1965
Thermionic work function of refractory intermetallic compounds and their electronic and crystal structures
REFRACTORY MATERIAL↗
Modeling and Control of Robot-Structure Coupling During In-Space Structure Assembly
This paper considers the problem of robot-structure coupling dynamics during in-space robotic assembly of large flexible structures. A two-legged walking robot is used as a construction agent, whose primary goal is to stably walking on the flexible structure while carrying a substructure component to a designated location. The reaction forces inserted by the structure to the walking robot are treated as bounded disturbance inputs, and a trajectory tracking robotic controller is proposed that combines the standard full state feedback motion controller and an adaptive controller to account for the disturbance inputs. In this study, a reduced-order Euler-Bernoulli beam structure model is adapted, and a finite number of co-located sensors and actuators are distributed along the span of the beam structure. The robot-structure coupling forces are treated as a bounded external forcing function to the structure, and hence an output covariance constraint problem can be formulated, in terms of linear matrix inequality, for optimal structure control by utilizing the direct output feedback controllers. The numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed robot-structure modeling and control methodology.
Swei, Sean↗
Structural Shape Sensing from Strain Data Using the Basis Function Method
An aircraft shape must be measured during flight to implement an active trim shape control, such as an active dihedral control for a highly flexible aircraft with a high-aspect-ratio wing, and an active sonic boom control for a supersonic transport aircraft. A basis function method for linear as well as geometrically nonlinear structural shape sensing is proposed in this study. Basis functions can be mode shapes, linear static deformation shapes, or geometrically nonlinear static deformation shapes. The proposed basis function method is validated using a high-aspect-ratio wing, a swept test plate, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Low Boom Flight Demonstration mission X-59 Quiet Supersonic Technology (QueSST) aircraft (Lockheed Martin, Bethesda, Maryland). A large structural deformation of a high-aspect-ratio wing is successfully captured using the proposed basis function method with less than 0.3-percentprediction error at the wing-tip section. The basis function method gives excellent deformation prediction, even with stress concentration. Performance of the basis functions is compared using the X-59 stabilator sample case. In most of the sample load cases, static deformations give a better correlation with the target deformation than do mode shapes. Wing shape sensing with sparse strain data is also demonstrated in this study using the X-59 QueSST aircraft. Predicted structural deformations match reasonably with the target deformations even without strain gauges on some structural components. The predicted deformations have a good match with the target deformations.
Chan-gi Pak↗
Space Generic Open Avionics Architecture (SGOAA) standard specification
This standard establishes the Space Generic Open Avionics Architecture (SGOAA). The SGOAA includes a generic functional model, processing structural model, and an architecture interface model. This standard defines the requirements for applying these models to the development of spacecraft core avionics systems. The purpose of this standard is to provide an umbrella set of requirements for applying the generic architecture models to the design of a specific avionics hardware/software processing system. This standard defines a generic set of system interface points to facilitate identification of critical services and interfaces. It establishes the requirement for applying appropriate low level detailed implementation standards to those interfaces points. The generic core avionics functions and processing structural models provided herein are robustly tailorable to specific system applications and provide a platform upon which the interface model is to be applied.
Wray, Richard B.↗
Optimization methods for passive damper placement and tuning
The effectiveness of viscous elements in introducing damping in a structure is a function of several variables, including their number, their location in the structure, and their physical properties. In this paper several optimization problems are posed to optimize these variables. The paper investigates various metrics to define the optimization problem, and compares the damping profiles that are obtained. Both discrete and continuous optimization problems are formulated and solved, corresponding, respectively, to the problems of placement of damping elements and to the tuning of their parameters. The paper particularly emphasizes techniques to make feasible the large scale problems resulting from the optimization formulations. Numerical results involving a lightly damped tested structure are presented.
Milman, M. H.↗
Computational issues in optimal tuning and placement of passive dampers
The effectiveness of viscous elements in introducing damping in a structure is a function of several variables including their number, their location in the structure, and their physical properties. In this paper, the optimal damper placement and tuning problem is posed to optimize these variables. Both discrete and continuous optimization problems are formulated and solved corresponding, respectively, to the problems of placement of passive elements and to the tuning of their parameters. The paper particularly emphasizes the critical computational issues resulting from the optimization formulations. Numerical results involving a lightly damped testbed structure are presented.
Chu, C. C.↗
Optimizaton Methods for Passive Damper Placement and Tunin
The effectiveness of viscous elements in introducing damping in a structure is a function of several variables, including their number, their location in the structure, and their physical properties. This paper addresses the questions of the placement of these elements and the selection of their physical parameters via optimization techniques.
viscous elements↗
Ion and electron temperatures in the SUMMA mirror device by emission spectroscopy
Ion temperatures were obtained in the SUMMA mirror device by observing the Doppler-broadened charge-exchange component of the 667.8and 587.6-nm He lines in He plasma and the H alpha and H beta lines in H2 plasma. The second moment of the line profiles was used as the parameter to determine ion temperature. Corrections for magnetic splitting, fine structure, monochromator slit function, and variation in charge-exchange cross section with energy are derived and included. Even for constant cross section, no magnetic splitting or fine structure, and infinitely narrow slit function, the line profile is not Gaussian, because the excitation results from a change-exchange process. Comparison is made with temperatures from a neutral particle analyzer.-
Patch, R. W.↗
NASTRAN - A summary of the functions and capabilities of the NASA structural analysis computer system
Description of general purpose digital computer program /NASTRAN/ for analysis of elastic structures under various loading conditions using finite element method approach
Butler, T. G.↗
Cosmological density fluctuations and large-scale structure From N-point correlation functions to the probability distribution
Knowledge of N-point correlation functions for all N allows one to invert and obtain the probability distribution of mass fluctuations in a fixed volume. The hierarchical sequence of higher order is applied to correlations with dimensionless amplitudes suggested by the BBGKY equations. The resulting distribution is significantly non-Gaussian, even for quite small mean square fluctuations. The qualitative and to some degree quantitative results are to a large degree independent of the exact sequence of amplitudes. An ensemble of such models compared with N-body simulations fails in detail to account for the low-density frequency distribution.
Fry, J. N.↗