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At least 685 records · Page 38
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NASA NTRS1988

A spectral multi-domain technique for viscous compressible reacting flows

The first application of a spectral multidomain method for viscous compressible flow is presented. The method imposes a global flux balance condition at the interface so that high-order continuity of the solution is preserved. The solution scheme can be adapted to the particular requirement in each subdomain. To illustrate these advantages, a Mach 11 shock calculation is presented to study the chemical kinetics initiated as air passes through a fully resolved shock wave.

Macaraeg, M. G.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Application of spectral collocation techniques to the stability of swirling flows

The linearized stability equations in cylindrical coordinates of a Chebyshev spectral collocation method for the temporal and spatial stability of swirling flows are presently solved with the eigenvalues obtained through the use of the QZ routine. The algorithm thus created is robust and easily adaptable to a range of flow configurations encompassing internal and external flows with minor boundary condition application modifications. Accuracy and efficiency tests of the method are made for the cases of plane Poiseulle, rotating-pipe, and trailing line vortex flows.

Khorrami, Mehdi R.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Monte Carlo computations of F-region incoherent radar spectra at high latitudes and the use of a simple method for non-Maxwellian spectral calculations

Monte Carlo simulations of ion velocity distributions in the high-latitude F region have been performed in order to improve the calculation of incoherent radar spectra in the auroral ionosphere. The results confirm that when the ion temperature becomes large due to frictional heating in the presence of collisions with the neutral background constituent, F region spectra evolve from a normal double hump, to a triple hump, to a spectrum with a single maximum. An empirical approach is developed to overcome the inadequacy of the Maxwellian assumption for the case of radar aspect angles of between 30 and 70 deg.

Kikuchi, K.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Seismic analysis of the solar interior. I - Can opacity changes improve the theoretical frequencies?

The paper describes the application of seismic inverse theory to the deduction of properties of the solar interior using presently available measured frequencies of the solar oscillations. Only the solar opacity is included in this application. This study has used the spectral expansion method of Lanczos and Jackson to derive changes to the opacity which improve agreement between the theoretical and observed frequencies of oscillation. It is found that a family of opacity changes exists which yields models that improve the frequency agreement by amounts that are indistinguishable among the family members.

Korzennik, Sylvain G.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Spectral element miltigrid. II - Theoretical justification

A multigrid algorithm is analyzed which is used for solving iteratively the algebraic system resulting from the approximation of a second order problem by spectral or spectral element methods. The analysis, performed here in the one-dimensional case, justifies the good smoothing properties of the Jacobi preconditioner that was presented in Part 1 of this paper.

Maday, Yvon↗
NASA NTRS1989

Advances in fluid dynamics

Various papers on advances in fluid dynamics are presented. Individual topics addressed include: nonunique solutions of the Euler equations; numerical solution of the biharmonic equation using a spectral multigrid method; finite-volume shape and placement for efficiency, accuracy, and physics; NND schemes and their application to numerical simulation of complex plume flow problems; symbolic analysis and computational algorithm construction; and velocity and mass flux distribution measurements of spherical glass beads in air flow in a 90-deg vertical-to-horizontal bend. Also discussed are: hyperbolic solution adaptive mesh generation; progress and future directions in CFD; numerical simulation of shock focusing; microbubble formation and splitting in a turbulent boundary layer for turbulence reduction; numerical study of spherical Taylor-Couette flow, trajectories of vortex lines beneath a free surface or above a plane; and a mathematical model for response of the coronary circulation to high sustained gravitational force fields.

Ballhaus, W. F., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1989

State-of-the-art surveys on computational mechanics

Topics considered include advances in finite difference techniques for computational fluid dynamics, the spectral element methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, a review of recent developments in time integration, and advances and trends in element-by-element techniques. Also examined are the algebraic multigrid methods applied to problems in computational structural mechanics, grid generation for the solution of partial differential equations, advances in adaptive improvements, and new computing systems and their impact on computational mechanics.

Noor, Ahmed K.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Computational study of three dimensional viscous flow through a turbine cascade using a multi-domain spectral technique

The three dimensional viscous flow through a planar turbine cascade is numerically simulated by direct solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Flow dependence in the spanwise direction is represented by direct expansion in Chebyshev polynomials, while the discretization on planes parallel to the endwalls is accomplished using the spectral element method. Elemental mapping from the physical to the computational space uses an algebraic mapping technique. A fractional time stepping method that consists of an explicit nonlinear convective step, an implicit pressure correction step, and an implicit viscous step is used to advance the Navier-Stokes equations forward in time. Results computed at moderate Reynolds numbers show a three dimensional endwall flow separation, a midspan separation of the blade suction surface boundary layer, and other three-dimensional features such as the presence of a saddle point flow in the endwall region. In addition, the computed skin friction lines are shown to be orthogonal to the surface vorticity lines, demonstrating the accuracy achievable in the present method.

Renaud, Earl W.↗
NASA NTRS1990

A linear shock cell model for non-circular jets using conformal mapping with a pseudo-spectral hybrid scheme

The shock structure in non-circular supersonic jets is predicted using a linear model. This model includes the effects of the finite thickness of the mixing layer and the turbulence in the jet shear layer. A numerical solution is obtained using a conformal mapping grid generation scheme with a hybrid pseudo-spectral discretization method. The uniform pressure perturbation at the jet exit is approximated by a Fourier-Mathieu series. The pressure at downstream locations is obtained from an eigenfunction expansion that is matched to the pressure perturbation at the jet exit. Results are presented for a circular jet and for an elliptic jet of aspect ratio 2.0. Comparisons are made with experimental data.

Bhat, Thonse R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Numerical simulation of transition in a rotating disk flow

An investigation of the laminar-turbulence transition process in a three-dimensional boundary layer on a rotating disk is initiated. Preliminary results from a direct numerical simulation using spectral collocation method are presented. The simulation results in the linear regime is tested against linear stability theory. Saturation of the primary disturbance energy suggests the importance of modal interaction in initiating transition.

Balachandar, S.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Second mode interactions in supersonic boundary layers

The nonlinear evolution of a two-dimensional second mode unstable wave in a Mach 4.5 wall-bounded flow is computed by solving the full time-dependent compressible Navier-Stokes equations. A highly accurate solution is obtained using spectral collocation methods. It is shown that departure from linearity first occurs in the critical layer due to the cubic nonlinearities in the momentum equation. This is a direct result of the large density perturbations in this regime. Time evolution studies of the growth rate as a function of normal distance from the plate suggests that the mode is evolving toward a nonlinear saturated state, and that this problem is possibly amenable to standard weakly nonlinear perturbation methods.

Erlebacher, Gordon↗
NASA NTRS1993

Frequency-Channelized Recovery Of Timing

Method of extracting bit or baud rate of excess bandwidth pulse-amplitude-modulated signal based on frequency-domain equivalent of time-domain delay-and-multiply operation. Involves use of outputs of Fourier-transform-based, channelized receiver. Very little priori knowledge of parameters of signal needed, and processing of signal by method yields spectral line at pulse-repetition rate.

Satorius, Edgar H.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Direct numerical simulation of instabilities in parallel flow with spherical roughness elements

Results from a direct numerical simulation of laminar flow over a flat surface with spherical roughness elements using a spectral-element method are given. The numerical simulation approximates roughness as a cellular pattern of identical spheres protruding from a smooth wall. Periodic boundary conditions on the domain's horizontal faces simulate an infinite array of roughness elements extending in the streamwise and spanwise directions, which implies the parallel-flow assumption, and results in a closed domain. A body force, designed to yield the horizontal Blasius velocity in the absence of roughness, sustains the flow. Instabilities above a critical Reynolds number reveal negligible oscillations in the recirculation regions behind each sphere and in the free stream, high-amplitude oscillations in the layer directly above the spheres, and a mean profile with an inflection point near the sphere's crest. The inflection point yields an unstable layer above the roughness (where U''(y) is less than 0) and a stable region within the roughness (where U''(y) is greater than 0). Evidently, the instability begins when the low-momentum or wake region behind an element, being the region most affected by disturbances (purely numerical in this case), goes unstable and moves. In compressible flow with periodic boundaries, this motion sends disturbances to all regions of the domain. In the unstable layer just above the inflection point, the disturbances grow while being carried downstream with a propagation speed equal to the local mean velocity; they do not grow amid the low energy region near the roughness patch. The most amplified disturbance eventually arrives at the next roughness element downstream, perturbing its wake and inducing a global response at a frequency governed by the streamwise spacing between spheres and the mean velocity of the most amplified layer.

Deanna, R. G.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Discrete ordinates solutions of nongray radiative transfer with diffusely reflecting walls

Nongray gas radiation in a plane parallel slab bounded by gray, diffusely reflecting walls is studied using the discrete ordinates method. The spectral equation of transfer is averaged over a narrow wavenumber interval preserving the spectral correlation effect. The governing equations are derived by considering the history of multiple reflections between two reflecting wails. A closure approximation is applied so that only a finite number of reflections have to be explicitly included. The closure solutions express the physics of the problem to a very high degree and show relatively little error. Numerical solutions are obtained by applying a statistical narrow-band model for gas properties and a discrete ordinates code. The net radiative wail heat fluxes and the radiative source distributions are obtained for different temperature profiles. A zeroth-degree formulation, where no wall reflection is handled explicitly, is sufficient to predict the radiative transfer accurately for most cases considered, when compared with increasingly accurate solutions based on explicitly tracing a larger number of wail reflections without any closure approximation applied.

Menart, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Dynamic stress intensity analysis of cracked panels

A spectral analysis method is presented for the extraction of frequency dependent strain energy release rates and stress intensity factors. The approach is based on the crack closure technique and is formulated directly in the frequency domain. Because of this, it is computationally more efficient than an alternative time domain approach for systems exhibiting peak behavior. The method is demonstrated for a center cracked panel subject to static in-plane and random acoustic loading.

Rizzi, Stephen A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Astronomical data analysis software and systems I; Proceedings of the 1st Annual Conference, Tucson, AZ, Nov. 6-8, 1991

Consideration is given to a definition of a distribution format for X-ray data, the Einstein on-line system, the NASA/IPAC extragalactic database, COBE astronomical databases, Cosmic Background Explorer astronomical databases, the ADAM software environment, the Groningen Image Processing System, search for a common data model for astronomical data analysis systems, deconvolution for real and synthetic apertures, pitfalls in image reconstruction, a direct method for spectral and image restoration, and a discription of a Poisson imagery super resolution algorithm. Also discussed are multivariate statistics on HI and IRAS images, a faint object classification using neural networks, a matched filter for improving SNR of radio maps, automated aperture photometry of CCD images, interactive graphics interpreter, the ROSAT extreme ultra-violet sky survey, a quantitative study of optimal extraction, an automated analysis of spectra, applications of synthetic photometry, an algorithm for extra-solar planet system detection and data reduction facilities for the William Herschel telescope.

Worrall, Diana M.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Investigation of cloud properties and atmospheric stability with MODIS

The work accomplished with the MAS (MODIS Airborne Simulator) during the TOGA-COARE (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere - Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment) from January through June 1993 included cloud investigations with longwave CO2 channels (out to 13.9 microns) that reconfigured spectral channels. The comparison data was used with HIRS (high resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder) data from FIRE (First ISSCP Regional Experiment), CEPEX, and SCAR (Smoke Clouds, Aerosol and Radiation) data for the development of a two layer cloud CO2 slicing algorithm and the development of multi-spectral cloud detection algorithms (specifically tri-spectral) for cloud identification. Regarding the latter, a clustering analysis was added to improve cloud identification within the scatter diagram of tri-spectral (8, 11, and 12 microns) brightness temperatures. Via the regressions of the 8 - 11 and the 11 - 12 micron brightness temperature differences versus precipitable water, the problem of clear sky identification in the scatter diagram was further addressed. Comparison of the tri-spectral technique and visible channel reflectance ratioing indicate the tri-spectral infrared method distinguishes cloud phase more consistently in mixed cloud scenes rather than single phase cloud scenes where visible ratioing performs best.

Menzel, Paul↗