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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 685 records · Page 38
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Leaching of CEM III paste by demineralised or mineralised water at pH 7 in relation with aluminium release in drinking water network

Drinking water pipes can be lined with a cement matrix based on CEM III, which can release aluminium into the water. However, the European Union limits the aluminium concentration in drinking water for public health reasons. In order to study the long-term leaching mechanism of aluminium, semi-dynamic leaching tests using an aggressive solution (demineralised water) or drinking water (mineralised water) were conducted on crushed CEM III pastes maintained at pH 7. They resulted in a very high leaching coefficient, approaching 50%. However, in spite of this strong leaching, the amount of Al leached remained very low, at less than 1.5% of the initial amount of Al in the material. Under these conditions, the leaching of Al from a CEM III paste is complex since it involves several steps, where slag (1st and last steps) or cement paste (2nd step) are the main contributors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Harmonic analysis of discrete tracers of large-scale structure

It is commonplace in cosmology to analyze fields projected onto the celestial sphere, and in particular density fields that are defined by a set of points e.g. galaxies. When performing an harmonic-space analysis of such data (e.g. an angular power spectrum) using a pixelized map one has to deal with aliasing of small-scale power and pixel window functions. We compare and contrast the approaches to this problem taken in the cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure communities, and advocate for a direct approach that avoids pixelization. We describe a method for performing a pseudo-spectrum analysis of a galaxy data set and show that it can be implemented efficiently using well-known algorithms for special functions that are suited to acceleration by graphics processing units (GPUs). The method returns the same spectra as the more traditional map-based approach if in the latter the number of pixels is taken to be sufficiently large and the mask is well sampled. The method is readily generalizable to cross-spectra and higher-order functions. It also provides a convenient route for distributing the information in a galaxy catalog directly in harmonic space, as a complement to releasing the configuration-space positions and weights, and a route to spectral apodization. Finally, we make public a code enabling the application of our method to existing and upcoming datasets.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Combined Thermal-Water Microgrid Model

SAND2022-3874 O The Combined Thermal-Water Microgrid Model is a set of three models combined with controls algorithms for a Water Thermal Storage (WTS), Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP), and Thermal Bridge Loop (TBL) that serves a residential neighborhood. The model allows a parametric investigation of volume of water storage versus number of ground heat exchanger bore-holes versus seasonal energy efficiency measures. The code is being released as open source so that the entire study can be replicated per an open access journal publication. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Villa, Daniel↗
DOE OSTI2022

Performance Targets for Perovskite Photovoltaic Research, Development, and Demonstration Programs

On October 15, 2021, the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) released the Performance Targets for Perovskite Photovoltaic Research, Development, and Demonstration Programs Request for Information (RFI) for public response and comment. The RFI sought feedback from industry, academia, research laboratories, government agencies, and other stakeholders on efficiency, stability and replicability performance targets for perovskite (PVSK) photovoltaic devices that could be utilized to align community efforts, ensure relevance of potential future funding programs, and accelerate technical and commercial development and de-risking of perovskite technologies. The RFI included the following proposed target matrix for power conversion efficiency (PCE), area, stability, and sample sizes, and included questions on relevance, completeness, and challenges.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

INTERSECT Architecture Specification: System-of-systems Architecture (Version 0.5)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)’s Self-driven Experiments for Science / Interconnected ScienceEcosystem (INTERSECT) architecture project, titled “An Open Federated Architecture for the Laboratory of the Future”, creates an open federated hardware/software architecture for the laboratory of the future using a novel system of systems (SoS) and microservice architecture approach, connecting scientific instruments, robot-controlled laboratories and edge/center computing/data resources to enable autonomous experiments, “self-driving” laboratories, smart manufacturing, and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven design, discovery and evaluation. The architecture project is divided into three focus areas: design patterns; SoS architecture; and microservices architecture. The design patterns area focuses on describing science use cases as design patterns that identify and abstract the involved hardware/software components and their interactions interms of control, work and data flow. The SoS architecture area focuses on an open architecture specification for the federated ecosystem that clarifies terms, architectural elements, the interactions between them and compliance. The microservices architecture describes blueprints for loosely coupled microservices, standardized interfaces, and multi-programming language support. This document is the SoS Architecture specification only, and captures the system of systems architecture design for the INTERSECT Initiative and its components. It is intended to provide a deep analysis and specification of how the INTERSECT platform will be designed, and to link the scientific needs identified across disciplines with the technical needs involved in the support, development, and evolution of a science ecosystem. PLEASE NOTE: This is a working document and reflects current discussions and design activity among the authors. There may be inconsistencies within the document as different parts evolve at a different pace. We invite comments and thoughts from the public on this and following working drafts. The first finished version of this document is scheduled for release in September 2023.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1994

Regular Topologies for Gigabit Wide-Area Networks: Congestion Avoidance Testbed Experiments

This document is Volume 3 of the final technical report on the work performed by SRI International (SRI) on SRI Project 8600. The document includes source listings for all software developed by SRI under this effort. Since some of our work involved the use of ST-II and the Sun Microsystems, Inc. (Sun) High-Speed Serial Interface (HSI/S) driver, we have included some of the source developed by LBL and BBN as well. In most cases, our decision to include source developed by other contractors depended on whether it was necessary to modify the original code. If we have modified the software in any way, it is included in this document. In the case of the Traffic Generator (TG), however, we have included all the ST-II software, even though BBN performed the integration, because the ST-II software is part of the standard TG release. It is important to note that all the code developed by other contractors is in the public domain, so that all software developed under this effort can be re-created from the source included here.

Denny, Barbara A.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Continuously Connected With Mobile IP

Cisco Systems developed Cisco Mobile Networks, making IP devices mobile. With this innovation, a Cisco router and its connected IP devices can roam across network boundaries and connection types. Because a mobile user is able to keep the same IP address while roaming, a live IP connection can be maintained without interruption. Glenn Research Center jointly tested the technology with Cisco, and is working to use it on low-earth-orbiting research craft. With Cisco's Mobile Networks functionality now available in Cisco IOS Software release 12.2(4)T, the commercial advantages and benefits are numerous. The technology can be applied to public safety, military/homeland security, emergency management services, railroad and shipping systems, and the automotive industry. It will allow ambulances, police, firemen, and the U.S. Coast Guard to stay connected to their networks while on the move. In the wireless battlefield, the technology will provide rapid infrastructure deployment for U.S. national defense. Airline, train, and cruise passengers utilizing Cisco Mobile Networks can fly all around the world with a continuous Internet connection. Cisco IOS(R) Software is a registered trademark of Cisco Systems.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2022

Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Airborne Contaminants: Revision B

The enclosed table lists official Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations (SMACs) for selected airborne contaminants. They are based upon experiments conducted at standard pressure and oxygen environments and may or may not be applicable to altered atmospheres. These are guideline values set by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Johnson Space Center (JSC) Toxicology Group in cooperation with the National Research Council Committee on Toxicology (NRCCOT) or through publication in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. Based on documented guidance (NRC, 1992; NRC, 2016), NASA has established SMACs for 60 chemical compounds that are particularly relevant to atmospheric contamination of the International Space Station (ISS) and targets of Exploration. Some long‐term limits (1000‐days) have also been established to support manned deep‐space exploration. Summaries of these SMACs are presented in tabular form as part of this publication. Short-term (1- and 24-hour) SMACs apply to off nominal situations, such as accidental releases aboard a spacecraft. These limits permit risk of minor, reversible effects, such as mild mucosal irritation. In contrast, the long term SMACs are set to fully protect healthy crewmembers from adverse effects resulting from continuous exposure to specific air pollutants for up to 1000 days. Because allergic reactions or chemical idiosyncrasy to certain airborne pollutants are very difficult to predict, crewmembers with allergies or unusual sensitivity to trace pollutants may not be afforded complete protection, even when long-term SMACs are not exceeded. Conversely, exceedance of a SMAC does not mean that health impairment is certain (there are many other factors that influence ultimate health outcomes), although it does indicate that the crew may be subject to increased risks that must be closely evaluated. Environmental pollutant control to mitigate exposure will likely be triggered.

SMACs↗
DOE OSTI2023

University Coalition for Fossil Fuel Energy Research

Following a nationwide open competition, the University Coalition for Fossil Energy Research (UCFER) was established in October 2015 through a cooperative agreement between Penn State and the Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Penn State lead UCFER with the objective of advancing basic and applied research for clean and low-carbon energy based on fossil fuels in support of the DOE’s mission. UCFER focused on research that improves the efficiency of production and use of fossil energy resources, while minimizing the environmental impacts and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Penn State lead a team of nine universities (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, Princeton University, Texas A&M University, University of Kentucky, University of Southern California, The University of Tulsa, University of Wyoming, and Virginia Polytechnic and State University) during the competition stage, adding seven more universities in 2017 (Carnegie Mellon University, Louisiana State University, The Ohio State University, University of North Dakota, University of Pittsburgh, University of Utah, and West Virginia University). This Coalition exhibited a wide geographical distribution across the U.S. bringing a wide variety of fossil energy expertise. This national university alliance was a major collaborative effort with NETL to address specific topics of R&D in NETL’s mission area, which involved one or more of NETL’s five core competencies (Geologic and Environmental Systems, Materials Engineering and Manufacturing, Energy Conversion Engineering, Systems Engineering and Analysis, and Computational Science and Engineering). The first five to six months of the project was the definitization stage. During this period, Penn State worked closely with NETL to finalize the Coalition organizational structure and By- Laws, prepare a statement of substantial involvement and a statement of project objectives, and develop operations and membership plans. A major component of this stage included preparing an execution plan to solicit research, evaluate proposals, recommend selected projects to NETL, and award projects. In addition, a plan was prepared to monitor projects, review projects, disseminate knowledge from research projects and develop an online system for Coalition research portfolio management. This included developing a website and several databases. The first of six rounds of solicitations started in mid-2016. Projects from the sixth solicitation started February 1, 2021, and ended January 31, 2023. Projects that were selected represented twelve technology lines. Approximately $16.6 million in funding was available for the six solicitations. Most of the funding was provided by DOE, Office of Fossil Energy (DOEFE) with the DOE Fuel Cells Technologies Office (DOE-FCTO) providing funding for a few projects. Coalition universities submitted 259 proposals in response to the solicitations, requesting approximately $67.0 million in funding, and forty-three projects were selected. However, one project withdrew after the principal investigator left the university. The management of the Coalition projects was a major activity by Penn State. Managing the Coalition projects consisted of monitoring the projects, reviewing the projects through annual technical review meetings, disseminating knowledge from the research projects, and developing an online system for Coalition research portfolio management. Penn State’s OMT monitored projects to ensure that all milestones (technical, schedule, budget) were met, expenditures were allowable, cost share (when applicable) were reported, and all technical reports were submitted. The OMT also posted the technical reports electronically on a secure members-only website for access and review by the Coalition members. Disseminating knowledge from the research projects was done through a website, newsletters, various meetings, conferences, journal articles, publicity/press releases, and project summaries that were prepared after each project was completed. Penn State kept NETL apprised of UCFER progress through quarterly reports (thirtyone were submitted by Penn State), verbal and written communications, yearly updates at the annual technical review meetings, and cost accrual reports. The UCFER project had a significant impacty. The UCFER program established the first national university alliance in fossil energy research with a major collaboration effort with DOE NETL that addressed specific topics in NETL’s research and development mission areas. It generated inter-university collaborations, which was another program interest. Twenty-two out of 259 proposals contained collaborations (≈8.5%) and three of forty-two funded projects involved inter-university collaborations (≈7.0%). The forty-two funded projects provided support at fourteen universities involving 269 personnel. Research was conducted by 106 faculty, 115 graduate and undergraduate students, forty-six research staff and post-doctoral scholars, and two visiting scholars. Students and post-doctoral scholars were also on-site at NETL through CRADAs. In addition, non-Coalition participants included six universities and sixteen companies and national laboratories. The non-Coalition participants were involved as subcontractors, providers of cost share, performed unpaid consultation and sample analysis, served as advisory board members, or were providers of samples and materials for testing. UCFER also produced visibility in that fifty-six refereed journal articles were published, fifty-seven conference papers and twenty-three posters were prepared, 190 presentations were given, eight patent applications were filed, two books/book chapters were written, and ten software codes were developed. Collaboration between NETL and the individual projects was a major requirement for all funded projects. This included NETL staff time to support collaboration, consultation, technical guidance, sample preparation and analysis, internships at NETL, on-site testing and equipment usage by Coalition participants at NETL, co-mentoring students, and coauthoring journal articles and conference papers. Collaboration was impacted by COVID-19 in that not all on-site activities could be performed. NETL personnel were coauthors on eight of the conference papers (fourteen percent of the conference papers that were prepared) and seventeen of the journal articles (thirty percent of the journal articles that were prepared). A website was developed for an online proposal solicitation and review process and to provide exposure to UCFER. A website analysis highlighted the large amount of member and general public interest in UCFER by interpreting access statistics from March 2016 through June 2023. Visitors to the site originated from many different organizations, businesses, and countries. The website provided a means to disseminate information to both the general public and the UCFER members and was successfully used for outreach activities. In addition, NETL required that RFP release, proposal submission, and proposal reviews all be performed online. Penn State successfully developed these capabilities in a secure section of the website, which were used throughout the UCFER project. It is recognized that each project had its technical successes. In addition, highlighted successes were compiled and summarized from the research projects. Information was requested from the PIs of completed projects. In addition, Penn State’s Operations Management Team reviewed subcontract reports to identify project successes. Examples of information requested from PIs included (not all-inclusive): new projects that have been funded as a result of UCFER funding; new commercial products; establishment of a new center; new patent; new software; best paper awards; highly-cited work; and graduate student successes. A total of forty-eight highlighted successes were reported.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2025

Risk Analysis of Radiological Release from Pu-238 Targets During Manual Handling

Pu-238 Isotope Production Targets are routinely installed in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) core, transferred, and stored in the spent fuel canal. These evolutions involve manual handling and manipulation of the targets underwater using long handled tools. The ATR Safety Analysis Report (SAR) postulates a design basis accident which results in damage from manual manipulation of targets, and radiological consequences must be determined for receptors inside the reactor facility, as well as public receptors. This presentation presents the analysis used to determine the radiological consequences due to potential target damage in the ATR canal. The analysis considered radionuclide release fractions, damage ratios for handling evolutions, and entrainment of radionuclides in the canal water.

Advanced Test Reactor↗
NASA NTRS2000

The Impact Threat and Public Perception

Recent popular movies have raised public consciousness of the very real possibility of a comet or asteroid collision with the Earth, and a news report last year implying that asteroid 1997 XF11 had a distinct chance of hitting the Earth in the year 2028 further caught the public's eye. The report of possible impact was withdrawn the very next day, and the public perceived either that astronomers had made mistaken calculations, or that the pre-discovery observations found that day had been responsible for the revised prediction. But in fact, the original report of the possibility of impact in 2028 was simply a premature assessment. The XF11 affair has demonstrated the need for clarity and precision in public communications dealing with the possibility of Earth impact, as well as the importance of peer review before results are released to the press. This year, another potentially hazardous asteroid, 1999 AN10, has made the news, and this time there is indeed a remote chance of collision. Although impact is not possible during the asteroid's primary close approach in 2027, the uncertainties allow for a remarkably close passage, and embedded within the encounter's uncertainty region are many narrow "keyholes" which could bring the asteroid back for a close approach in a later year. Three keyholes have been identified which could perturb the asteroid onto trajectories that collide with the Earth in the years 2044, 2046, or 2039. At the time of this writing, the estimated impact probability for 1999 AN10 is on the order of 1 in 500,000, larger than for any other known object, but still significantly less than the probability of an undiscovered asteroid of equivalent size striking the Earth before 2044. Additional astrometric measurements of 1999 AN10 will likely drive its impact probability down to near-zero, but this may not happen for years, testing the public's reaction to a lingering remote possibility of impact. A side effect of the increasing discovery rate for Near Earth objects will be a growing number of cases like 1999 ANIO.

Chodas, Paul W.↗
DOE OSTI2021

An economic assessment of behind-the-meter photovoltaics paired with batteries on the Hawaiian Islands.

Due to natural variability and uncertainty, the ever-increasing penetration of solar generation in Hawaii presents challenges to power grid operators to maintain reliable system operation. Demand response (DR) has the potential to be a cost-effective tool for Hawaii to reach its aggressive renewable energy goals while maintaining the reliability of power grids. The Hawaii Public Utilities Commission has approved the Hawaiian Electric Company's revised portfolio of DR programs. The companies have released a grid services purchase agreement and subscribed an initial tranche of load into their DR programs. This paper presents innovative analytical methods and comprehensive economic assessment for distributed photovoltaics (PV) paired with battery energy storage systems (BESSs) for two new DR programs, including fast frequency response and capacity grid service. Optimal dispatch and sizing methods are proposed for the paired system considering different tariff schedules and PV compensation programs across five islands. It was found that while the best resource configuration and potential economic benefits vary with tariff structure, a BESS paired with PV can be optimally dispatched to generate multiple value streams simultaneously. Compensation from DR programs is an important value stream to help increase the cost-effectiveness of the integrated system.

Battery energy storage system↗
DOE OSTI2021

Potential Chemical Impacts of Subsurface CO 2 : An Integrated Experimental and Numerical Assessment for a Case Study of the Ogallala Aquifer

Leakage from geologic CO 2 sequestration (GCS) reservoirs to overlying underground sources of drinking water (USDW) is a tangible risk. This study is an integrated assessment that combines column experiments and reactive transport simulations of sediments sampled from the Ogallala aquifer above an active commercial-scale GCS site (the Farnsworth Unit in northern Texas). Experimental and simulation results suggest that carbonate mineral (calcite and dolomite) dissolution is the most significant reaction following CO 2 intrusion, and is also the dominant source of trace metal release. Cation exchange is another key mechanism controlling trace metal release by cation interference. Most of the trace metals, including Ba, Sr, As, Pb, and Zn, show a short-term release and quickly drop to the baseline values, suggesting low risk to the overlying USDW quality. Other trace metals, such as Mn and U, exhibit a tangible increase of their concentrations in the beginning, and drop to a higher level compared to the baseline, which may become a potential concern of long-term USDW quality change with CO2introduction. This study provides a comprehensive example of combining laboratory experiments and simulations for assessment of CO 2 -sediment interactions with combined release mechanisms in shallow groundwater aquifers. Data presented here provides useful insights for quantitative risk assessment and effective public education regarding CO 2 geological sequestration, and trace metal reactive transport studies in shallow groundwater aquifers.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Custom script used in 'Updated virophage taxonomy and distinction from polinton-like viruses' (Virophage_Scripts) v1

This is a script and the associated test input/output that will accompany a new manuscript (soon to be submitted for publication). It can be used to detect and classify virophage, a specific group of viruses. This script is released as documentation for the manuscript, but there is no specific invention, and most bioinformaticians would be able to recreate a comparable script in a matter of days (if not hours) based on the description in the manuscript.

Roux, Simon↗
DOE OSTI2020

Evaluation of Microreactor Inhalation Dose Consequences

The new generation of microreactors are intended to provide useful, very reliable and safe safe energy for a variety of applications such as supplying to remote locations. Microreactors range from less than 1 MW th to more than 20 MW th . A range of technologies is being considered, including variations in neutron energy spectrum (fast or thermal), variations in primary and secondary coolant choices (e.g. metal cooled, gas cooled, and unique power cycle reactors. The reactors tend to use new fuel forms and types with unique benefits such as metal or TRISO fuel for higher fuel density and safety, respectively. The notional image of a microreactor is a reactor that fits in a seavan or intermodal shipping container. This would allow conventional shipping options, including aircraft, and match other mobile power sources. A development of a capability to test these reactors is needed, whether in a facility or in an open area. INL is in the process of determining acceptable test areas for these various reactors and an understanding of potential bounding consequences is important in informing siting and required infrastructure capability decisions. This ECAR considers the bounding release fractions of these types of reactors at 20 MW th and documents the dose consequences to the public and collocated worker. This is a scoping analysis for the generalized type of reactor, and the analysis will be refined based on the specific reactor design.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Discovering the 3D Structure and Dynamics of the Sun-Interstellar Medium System on a Global Scale Los Alamos LDRD Report

We discover the 3D plasma structure of the Sun-interstellar medium interaction region, called the heliosheath. This is enabled by (1) the completion of a full solar cycle of observations of hydrogen energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) emanating from this region and detected by the Los Alamos-led IBEX-Hi ENA imager on NASA’s Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission, and (2) the development of tools to fully exploit all data from the IBEX-Hi imager, leading to a significant increase in the effective instrument sensitivity. This effort prepares us for optimizing the design and data exploitation of the IMAP-Hi imager, the Los Alamos-led next generation imager that will fly on the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) mission, currently under production. This project realized its goals as evidenced by two main outcomes: (1) The publication of the first-ever empirical 3D map of the interstellar boundary, and (2) the development and release of a new validated ENA data set that has tripled the amount of data available for scientific analysis of the outer heliosphere.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

U.S. Hydropower Market Report 2023

This is the fourth complete edition of the U.S. Hydropower Market Report (the previous editions, published in 2015, 2018, and 2021, are available here). In intervening years between publishing the full report, updated data are also summarized and released and can be found at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory HydroSource website. This report combines data from public and commercial sources and research findings from other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) R&D projects to provide a comprehensive picture of developments in the U.S. hydropower and pumped storage hydropower (PSH) fleet and industry trends. Prior to the first Hydropower Market Report being published, there was a noted lack of publicly available and easily accessible information about hydropower in the United States and other important trends affecting this important sector of the energy industry. New and valuable types of information are constantly being developed as part of DOE research activities and, in a rapidly evolving energy industry, it is important that these data be made available in a predictable and consistent manner for use by all different types of stakeholders and decision-makers.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

GeoThermalCloud: A Machine Learning Tool for Discovery, Exploration, and Development of Hidden Geothermal Resources

In this 25 minute presentation, we showcase our open source “GeoThermalCloud” tool for identifying hidden geothermal resources using a publicly available dataset for southwestern New Mexico. The presenters include Bulbul Ahmmed and Luke Frash. All of the visuals use source material from LA-UR approved publications and this work falls under the Earth Sciences DUSA. The code shown in this video is already released with LANL approval in open source format on GitHub and DockerHub. The audio in this video includes only material on the topics of geothermal energy and machine learning applied to geothermal energy. The primary machine learning method used is LANL’s Non-negative Matrix Factorization “NMFk” method. Modeling work also mentions LANL’s Geothermal Design Tool “GeoDT” which is another approved open source code that has been released by LANL. This work was performed for DOE Geothermal Technologies Office (DE-EE-3.1.8.1). The host for the released video is intended to be YouTube or a suitable perpetual data repository such as GDR.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗