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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 685 records · Page 38
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1988

Power frame

A rotor stage disposed within an annular fluid flowpath in a turbomachine is disclosed. The rotor stage includes outer and inner rings and a plurality of first and second airfoils. The outer and inner rings define flowpath surfaces for said flowpath. The first and second airfoils extend between the rings for transferring energy between the fluid and the rotor stage. At least one of the first airfoils surrounds means for transmitting energy across the flowpath.

Strock, William J.↗
NASA NTRS2010

The Second International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF2)

The ICRF2 catalog was constructed by the IERS/IVS Working Group with oversight by the IAU Working Group. Derived using data from August 1979 through March 2009, it is a great improvement over the original ICRF with 3414 extragalactic radio source positions, a noise floor of 40 microarcsec, and axis stability of 10 microarcsec. Significant refinements were made in the selection of defining sources, modeling, and the integration of CRF, TRF, and EOP. The adoption of the ICRF2 was approved by the IAU in Resolution B3 at the XXVII IAU General Assembly and became effective 1 January 2010.

Ma, Chopo↗
NASA NTRS2011

Fundamental Rotorcraft Acoustic Modeling From Experiments (FRAME)

A new methodology is developed for the construction of helicopter source noise models for use in mission planning tools from experimental measurements of helicopter external noise radiation. The models are constructed by employing a parameter identification method to an assumed analytical model of the rotor harmonic noise sources. This new method allows for the identification of individual rotor harmonic noise sources and allows them to be characterized in terms of their individual non-dimensional governing parameters. The method is applied to both wind tunnel measurements and ground noise measurements of two-bladed rotors. The method is shown to match the parametric trends of main rotor harmonic noise, allowing accurate estimates of the dominant rotorcraft noise sources to be made for operating conditions based on a small number of measurements taken at different operating conditions. The ability of this method to estimate changes in noise radiation due to changes in ambient conditions is also demonstrated.

Greenwood, Eric↗
NASA NTRS2016

MapX: An In Situ, Full-Frame X-Ray Spectroscopic Imager for the Biogenic Elements

Microbial life exploits microscale disequilibria at boundaries where valence, chemical potential, pH, Eh, etc. vary on a length scale commensurate with the organisms themselves - tens to hundreds of micrometers. These disequilibria can exist within cracks or veins in rocks and ice, at inter- or intra-crystalline boundaries, at sediment/water or sediment/atmosphere interfaces, or even within fluid inclusions trapped inside minerals. The detection of accumulations of the biogenic elements C,N,O,P,S at appropriate concentrations on or in a mineral/ice substrate would constitute permissive evidence of extant life, but context is also required. Does the putative biosignature exist in a habitable environment? Under what conditions of P, T, and chemical potential was the host mineralogy formed? MapX is an arm-deployed contact instrument that directly images the biogenic elements C, N, O, P, S, as well as the cations of the rock-forming minerals (Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe) and important anions such as Cl, Fl. The instrument provides element images having ≤100 micron lateral spatial resolution over a 2.5 cm X 2.5 cm area, as well as quantitative XRF spectra from ground-selected or instrument-selected Regions of Interest (ROI) on the sample. Quantitative XRF spectra from ROI can be translated into mineralogies using ground- or instrument-based algorithms. Either an X-ray tube source (X-ray fluorescence) or a radioisotope source such as 244-Cm (alpha-particle and gamma-ray fluorescence) can be used, and characteristic X-rays emitted from the sample are imaged onto an X-ray sensitive CCD through an X-ray MicroPore Optic (MPO). As a fluorescent source, 244-Cm is highly desirable in a MapX instrument intended for life detection since high-energy alpha-particles are unrivaled in fluorescence yield for the low-Z elements. The MapX design as well as baseline performance requirements for a MapX instrument intended for life detection/identification of habitable environments will be presented.

micro-XRF spectrometer↗
NASA NTRS2017

MapX An In Situ, Full-frame X-Ray Spectroscopic Imager for Planetary Science and Astrobiology

Microbial life exploits micron-scale disequilibria at boundaries where valence, chemical potential, pH, Eh, etc. vary on a length scale commensurate with the organisms - 10's to 100's of microns. The detection of accumulations of the biogenic elements C,N,O,P,S at appropriate concentrations on or in a mineral/ice substrate would constitute permissive evidence of extant life, but context is also required. Does the putative biosignature exist under habitable conditions? Under what conditions of P, T, and chemical potential was the host mineralogy formed? MapX is an in situ robotic spacecraft instrument that images the biogenic elements C, N, O, P, S, as well as the cations of the rock-forming minerals (Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe) and important anions such as Cl, Fl. MapX provides element maps with less than or equal to100 microns resolution over a 2.5 cm X 2.5 cm area, as well as quantitative XRF spectra from ground- or instrument-selected Regions of Interest (ROI). XRF spectra are converted to mineralogies using ground- or instrument-based algorithms. Either X-ray tube or radioisotope sources such as 244Cm (Alpha-particle and gamma- ray fluorescence) can be used. Fluoresced sample Xrays are imaged onto an X-ray sensitive CCD through an X-ray MicroPore Optic (MPO). The MapX design as well as baseline performance requirements for a MapX instrument intended for life detection / identification of habitable environments will be presented.

Astrobiology↗
NASA NTRS2019

Full Facility Shock Frame Simulations of the Electric Arc Shock Tube

Radiative heating computations are performed for high speed lunar return experiments conducted in the Electric Arc Shock Tube (EAST) facility at NASA Ames Research Center. The nonequilibrium radiative transport equations are solved via NASA's in-house radiation code NEQAIR using flow field input from US3D flow solver. The post-shock flow properties for the 10 km/s Earth entry conditions are computed using the stagnation line of a blunt-body and a full facility CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation of the EAST shock tube. The shocked gas in the blunt-body flow achieves a thermochemical equilibrium away from the shock front whereas EAST flow exhibits a nonequilibrium behavior due to strong viscous dissipation of the shock by boundary layer. The full-tube flow calculations capture the influence of the boundary layer on the shocked gas state and provide a realistic fluid dynamic input for the radiative predictions. The integrated radiance behind the shock is calculated in NEQAIR for wavelength regimes from Vacuum-UltraViolet (VUV) to InfraRed (IR), which are pertinent to the emission characteristics of high enthalpy shock waves in air. These radiance profiles are validated against corresponding EAST shots. The full-tube simulations successfully predict a sharp radiance peak at the shock front which gets smeared in the test data due to the spatial resolution in the measurements. The full facility based radiance behind the shock shows a slightly better match with the test data in the VUV and Red spectral regions, as compared to that from a blunt-body based predictions. The UV radiance is very similar for both geometries and under-predicts the test behavior. The IR test data matches better with the blunt-body based predictions where the full-tube simulations show a significant over-prediction.

Radiation↗
NASA NTRS2018

Full Facility Shock Frame Simulations of the Electric Arc Shock Tube

Radiative heating computations are performed for a range of high speed Earth entry experiments conducted in the Electric Arc Shock Tube at NASA Ames. The nonequilibrium radiative transport equations are solved in NEQAIR using flow field variables from the full facility CFD simulations of the EAST shock tube performed by US3D ow solver. These physics-based flow calculations lead to a significantly different post-shock gas state and associated radiation field as compared to that based on a simplified but computationally inexpensive calculation for flow over a blunt-body with appropriate initial conditions. The radiation spectra and radiance profiles are computed for an extensive range of wavelengths, from deep VUV to IR, which are pertinent to the emission characteristics of high enthalpy shock waves in air. The radiation properties of the shocked gas are calculated both in the nonequilibrium region at the shock, and in the equilibrium region behind the shock. Numerical predictions are found to be consistent with the experimental observations.

Simulations↗