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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 685 records · Page 38
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Extracting information from X-ray diffraction patterns containing Laue oscillations

The presence of Laue oscillations in a film grown on a solid surface is broadly taken as indicating a high quality, crystallographically aligned film of the targeted compound. In this paper we briefly review the origins of both Laue oscillations and Kiessig fringes and show how they can be used together to determine if extra thickness exists above or below the coherently diffracting domains. The differences between experimental and “ideal” films are discussed and the effect of structural features (roughness, different thickness coherently diffracting domains and thickness in addition to the coherently diffracting domains) are illustrated with experimental and simulated data for metal and mixed-metal chalcogenide films of titanium, bismuth, vanadium/iron, and bismuth/molybdenum. Examples are given showing how quantitative information can be extracted from experimental diffraction patterns.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Model America - Arizona extract from ORNL's AutoBEM v1.1

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed the Automatic Building Energy Modeling (AutoBEM) software suite to process multiple types of data, extract building-specific descriptors, generate building energy models, and simulate them on High Performance Computing (HPC) resources. For more information, see AutoBEM-related publications (bit.ly/AutoBEM).Two sets of sample data are provided for 2,555,152 buildings located within the boundary of Arizona in the United States:Data (846.3MB *.csv) - minimalist list of each building (rows) for the following fields (columns) • ID - unique building ID • Centroid - building center location in latitude/longitude (from Footprint2D) • Footprint2D - building polygon of 2D footprint (lat1/lon1_lat2/lon2_...) • State_abbr - state name • Area - estimate of total conditioned floor area (ft2) • Area2D - footprint area (ft2) • Height - building height (ft) • NumFloors - number of floors (above-grade) • WWR_surfaces - percent of each facade (pair of points from Footprint2D) covered by fenestration/windows (average 14.5% for residential, 40% for commercial buildings) • CZ - ASHRAE Climate Zone designation • BuildingType - DOE prototype building designation (IECC=residential) as implemented by OpenStudio-standards • Standard - building vintage • Sample Models (114GB*.zip by county) - OpenStudio and EnergyPlus building energy models named according to IDThis data is made free and openly available in hopes of stimulating any simulation-informed use case. Data is provided as-is with no warranties, express or implied, regarding fitness for a particular purpose. We wish to thank our sponsors which include Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), U.S. Dept. of Energy’s (DOE) Building Technologies Office (BTO), Office of Electricity (OE), and Biological and Environmental Research (BER).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Experimental measurements for extracting nonlinear invariants

Nonlinear integrable optics are a promising alternative approach to lattice design. The integrable optics test accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab has been constructed for dedicated studies of magnetostatic elliptical elements as described by Danilov and Nagaitsev. The most compelling verification of correct implementation of the NIO lattice is direct observation of the analytically expected invariants. This report outlines the experimental and analytical methods for extracting the nonlinear invariants of motion from data gathered in the last IOTA run.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Fast Adaptive Neural Control of Resonant Extraction at Fermilab

We present progress on the development of a machine learning (ML) regulation system for third-order resonant extraction of the beam delivered to the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab. We consider classical and ML-based controllers optimized on semi-analytic simulations and provide performance comparisons for several models. Additionally, we discuss the efficiency of each model in training, which has implications for future work on adaptive control. We also discuss progress on developing optimized implementations of ML models for edge-based inference.

Whitbeck, A. [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000342245164)↗
DOE OSTI2022

Simultaneous Extraction of Unpolarized PDFs and Nuclear Effects

We present a new global QCD analysis of unpolarized parton distribution functions (PDFs) and nuclear effects including for the first time data from the SeaQuest and Marathon experiments in addition to high-energy weak-boson-production data from the Tevatron and Large Hadron Collider. Simultaneously extracting the PDFs and nuclear effects, we examine the impact of the SeaQuest and Marathon data on the light-quark sea asymmetry and the EMC ratios of deuterium, helium, and tritium.

Cocuzza, Christopher↗
DOE OSTI2020

CDFG Extraction Tool for LLVM

With the dawn of the exascale era, computer scientists and engineers are faced with tremendous challenges across all facets of the HPC system - scalability, performance, reliability, and power consumption. In particular, the power-performance benefit from one processor generation to the next is seeing ever-diminishing returns and will require fundamental changes in the way we approach computation. In fact, it is likely that different applications will require different types of accelerators in order to meet power, performance, and reliability requirements at scale. One potential type of accelerator, a dataflow architecture, diverges from the traditional sequentially executed instruction model into one that reflects the inherent instruction-level parallelism in a program. This work presents the initial steps toward a tool that can extract the control-dataflow graph from an application.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Measuring and Extracting Activity from Time Series Data

This report summarizes the results of an LDRD focused on developing and demonstrating statistically rigorous methods for analyzing and comparing complex activities from remote sensing data. Identifying activity from remote sensing data, particularly those that play out over time and span multiple locations, often requires extensive manual effort because of the variety of features that describe the activity and the required domain expertise. Our results suggest that there are some hidden challenges in extracting and representing activities in sensor data. In particular, we found that the variability in the underlying behaviors can be difficult to overcome statistically, and the report identifies several examples of the issue. We discuss key lessons learned in the context of the project, and finally conclude with recommendations on next steps and future work.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Designing Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of Methane for Reducing Greenhouse Gas during Natural Gas Extraction

Catalytic conversion of methane (CH 4 ) into useful products is critical for maximizing the utility of natural gas output and for reducing green house gas release associated with flaring (burning off CH 4 at natural gas extraction sites). One particular useful technique is methane dry reforming (DRM), which involves the chemical reaction of CH 4 with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to generate carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen gas (H 2 ), and subsequently other useful products. New and improved catalysts are required to facilitate efficient dry methane reforming. In this report, we apply the Density Functional Theory (DFT) computational technique to investigate a catalyst consisting of small nickel clusters (Ni n , n < 10) on ceria (Ce0 2 (111) surfaces) support. One main thrust of this project is to study the initial CH 4 and CO 2 reactions with the catalyst. We find that CH 4 exhibits barrierless reactive adsorption on to the catalyst. In order words, this step is likely not the rate-determining step. A second thrust is to perform detailed studies of the catalyst itself and examine the role of oxygen vacancies. Using a specific DFT method and a hypothesis about the absence of the Ce(III) redox state, we obtain predictions about oxygen vacancies in good agreement with experimental observations.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Novel High Temperature Carbide and Boride Ceramics for Direct Power Extraction Electrode Applications. Final report

The current project aims to develop new carbide and boride ceramic materials that incorporate different metal elements (e.g., (Hf 1-x Zr x )B 2 , also called ceramic solid solutions) and understand the fundamental composition-processing-structure-property relationships for such materials. Specifically, nano powders and related nano-composites for selected mixed metal carbide and boride materials are synthesized from nano-scale mixed precursors obtained from solution-based processing via heat treatment in inert atmosphere. The obtained fine powders were then consolidated into dense ceramics via a novel flash sintering process. The mechanical properties and thermal oxidation resistance for the obtained materials were evaluated for these materials. It was found that different synthesis routes produced powders with somewhat different characteristics in terms of composition and microstructure, which then led to different properties for the final ceramics. The synthesis and processing methods demonstrated in this study might be adopted for developing other similar high temperature ceramics, while the mixed metal or solid solution ceramic materials obtained from this study might be used as hot electrodes for direction power extraction and other energy-related applications.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Nuclear Safeguards: Feature Extraction for Machine Learning Enrichment Analysis of UF 6 Cylinders

With the increasing international interest in using nuclear material as sources of energy, comes the growing concern that we may see an increase in proliferation threats. Uranium hexafluoride (UF 6 ) is used in the nuclear fuel cycle for uranium enrichment. Inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) monitor the enrichment levels of UF 6 stored in transportation cylinders, to ensure the enrichments match that of a facility operator’s declarations. However, only a characteristic subset of UF 6 cylinders can be measured by inspectors from the IAEA during these inspections. In turn, the inspector may not identify a cylinder whose enrichment levels do not match the facility declarations. Therefore, our team attempts to develop a machine learning network that could determine the enrichment percentage of cylinders as they enter and exit facilities. The machine learning model must be robust against spectral variations due to factors that are internal and external to the UF 6 cylinder. Such factors include but are not limited to the speed and distance of the moving vehicle, cylinder type, cylinder orientation, and fill level. Many features in the spectral continuum can be used to identify and correct for some of these variations. As a consequence, the model must extract numerous features in the continuum. We investigate new approaches in continuum subtraction to verify enrichment percentage: interpolation and extrapolation of lines at the notable characteristic spectral peaks. It was determined that there was no clear answer on which method proved superior, therefore the decision was made to implement both new methods into the current codebase. We currently rely on synthetic training and testing data to analyze the results and fine tune our models but hope to test the system on measured data soon.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2021

Improved Light Extraction by Engineering Molecular Properties of Square Planar Phosphorescent Emissive Materials

The ultimate objective of this project was to develop a cost-effective technology which could significantly improve the light outcoupling efficiency up to 70% and higher and the key tasks were listed as follows: (i) improving light extraction efficiency through a better control of horizontally aligned emitting dipoles of square planar phosphorescent emitters; (ii) fabricating high-efficiency monochromic and amber OLED in the device settings; (iii) fabricating high-efficiency white OLED in the device settings. With both materials innovation and device structure optimization, we realized OLEDs with an EQE of 66% with a LT 95 lifetime of over 100 khrs at a brightness of 1,000 cd/m 2 . This proposed research is a high impact project which could potentially revolutionize OLED lighting technology and expedite the commercialization process of OLED technology for solid state lighting. This project outcomes contributed to meet the targeted performance of organic solid state lighting set in the DOE MYPP.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Scoping Study for Direct Power Extraction (DPE) Systems (Final Report)

NETL led a detailed scoping study of various direct power extraction systems and concepts for utility power generation. The study consisted of qualitative analysis along with quantitative techno-economic analysis of selected systems which use magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generators.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Performance of Microreactor Test Article with Embedded Sensors During Testing in The Single Primary Heat Extraction and Removal Emulator

The nuclear industry is pursuing microreactors that can be factory assembled and deployed to remote regions for reliable power generation. One class of microreactors uses a monolithic metal core block coupled to heat pipes that use passive heat flow, increasing the surface area for heat transfer without requiring active coolant flow through the reactor core. Additional experimental testing is required to understand the heat rejection limitations of heat pipes and thermal stresses in the monolithic core block due to significant temperature gradients. This report describes the initial characterization and testing of a stainless-steel test article that was fabricated with embedded sensors to measure heat pipe performance limits, as well as spatially distributed temperatures and strains during electrically heated thermal testing to simulate nuclear heating. The electrically heated testing was performed in the Single Primary Heat Extraction and Removal Emulator facility located at Idaho National Laboratory. The ultimate goals of this work are to (1) accurately monitor temperature and strain distributions that result from differential thermal expansion in the test articles and (2) quantify the heat rejection limits of heat pipes as a function of operating temperature and working fluid during steady-state and transient operations. Initial tests focused on the feasibility of using advanced fiber-optic sensors and other sensor technologies to improve the understanding of temperature and strain distributions within the electrically heated experiments. However, these sensing capabilities could benefit the broader microreactor community if the sensors could be used to monitor component and system health during nuclear operations to inform a limited number of microreactor operators, ultimately reducing operation and maintenance costs and moving toward semiautonomous operation.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Strain gauge for testing microreactor hexagonal core blocks in the Single Primary Heat Extraction and Removal Emulator

To support the development and deployment of microreactor technologies, experiments that help verify and validate reactor systems and components are performed at non-nuclear test facilities. The Single Primary Heat Extraction Removal Emulator at Idaho National Laboratory is one of these test facilities and was used to monitor a test article that has a prototypic geometry of a heat-pipe cooled microreactor core block. To collect crucial temperature and strain data during testing, temperature and strain sensing fiber optics were embedded to the surface of the test article using an ultrasonic additive manufacturing technique. To support and provide benchmark strain data for the embedded sensors, a commercial resistive strain gauge was attached. This report will discuss the results from the deployment of the commercial strain gauge which includes the setup/attachment strategies, data acquisition, and analysis of the strain data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Non-Invasive Approach for Elucidating the Spatial Distribution of In Situ Stress in Deep Subsurface Geologic Formations Considered for CO 2 Storage (Task 2 Report Extracting Stress Data from Seismic Data)

This report describes research accomplishments achieved with funding provided through Department of Energy (DOE) Contract DE-FE0031686. The purpose of this DOE funding is to develop methods that can provide key information about stress fields that act on deep rocks without invading the earth to acquire that information. The research objective was to demonstrate methods that extract the azimuth directions of SHmax and SHmin stress in deep rocks from traditional seismic reflection data like the data that are used to explore for deep oil and gas reservoirs. Battelle performed two seismic investigations and achieved estimates of SHmax and SHmin azimuths in both efforts that agreed with local, non-seismic, ground-truth measurements of SHmax orientation. The first procedure utilized vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data; the second effort utilized three-dimensional (3D) seismic data.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Systematic Extraction of Pion Parton Distributions Using Threshold Resummation and Applications to Pion TMDs

Following our recent Monte Carlo determination of the pion?s PDFs from Drell-Yan (DY) and leading neutron electroproduction data from the Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum (JAM) collaboration, we extend the analysis by including effects from threshold resummation. At higher orders in the strong coupling, ?S, soft gluon emissions cause large logarithmic corrections, which become important in the qq¯ channel of the DY partonic cross section near threshold. These corrections can be summed over all orders of ?S. However, different prescriptions exist for how the threshold resummation is implemented, for instance, using varying levels of approximation in the Minimal Prescription with cosine, expansion, and double Mellin methods. We present the Monte Carlo results of the first simultaneous fit of the valence, sea, and gluon distributions in the pion taking into account the ambiguities in the resummation calculations. The wide ranges of valence distributions at large x and the effective behavior of the valence distribution as x approaches 1 is discussed. While the PDFs are extracted through collinear factorization, we additionally present a dedicated study to the low and large lepton pair transverse momentum distributions (TMDs) in the same DY experimental data. By adjusting the nonperturbative TMD components, we analyze the degree of compatibility between data and theory across all regions of transverse momentum dependence. We attempt to match the description of the low transverse momentum region using Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism and the large transverse momentum region, which is best described using collinear factorization.

Sato, Nobuo↗
DOE OSTI2022

Multi material/functionally graded wire arc additive manufacturing of high strength steel valves clad with nickel alloy 625 used for oil extraction

This Phase 1 technical collaboration project (ORNL/TM-2022/2683) began on August 1st, 2020 and concluded on July 31st, 2022. The collaboration partner Schlumberger is a large business enterprise assisting oil companies to extract oil from land and subsea cost competitively and safely. It is based in Houston, Texas USA. In this work as study of additive deposition of AWS EF100S-G and AWS ERNiCrMo-3 wires via wire-arc process was conducted.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗