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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Two-dimensional unsteady flow in propellant tank under low gravity by finite difference methods - reduction to boundary value problem
Computer programs for processing two-dimensional analyzer pulse height data for automatic separation of gamma and neutron counts
The use of discrete ordinates and Monte Carlo techniques to solve radiation transport problems is discussed. A general discussion of two possible coupling schemes is given for the two methods. The calculation of the reactor radiation scattered from a docked service and command module is used as an example of coupling discrete ordinates (DOT) and Monte Carlo (MORSE) calculations.
A description is given of a computer program for analyzing the crack propagation in cyclic loaded structures. By using equations for the stress intensity factors for surface and embedded flaws, the capability of ascertaining lengthwise crack growth as well as crack growth through the thickness of the structure was determined. Equations used are written in general form so that many other types of crack growth problems, such as through the thickness type cracks, can be analyzed. Provisions have been made in the computer program to analyze crack growth for repeated blocks of variable-amplitude fatigue load spectra. Additional features of the computer program include a variable print interval and a variable integration interval to minimize computer printout and computer run time. A source listing and instructions for using the computer program are included.
Choice of reference plane orientation depends on specific nozzle geometry, with different configurations requiring different reference plane systems. In addition, for given configuration several reference systems may be used in different regions of flow field, so each system is locally aligned with flow.
A method based on the Navier-Stokes equations was developed for determining analytically the three-dimensional unsteady flow patterns around oscillating wings. The Helmholz vorticity transport equations were discretized in three-dimensional finite element form from a variational formulation and integrated numerically. At each time step of the numerical integration the velocity field was calculated from the representation of the three-dimensional wing by a system of optimized distribution of vortices in space. During the numerical integration of the vorticity transport equations the time-dependent boundary conditions on the wing were specified as external constraint conditions. Examples of obtained results describing the three-dimensional unsteady flow around a wing were presented.
The observed large reduction in spreading rate of adiabatic high-Mach-number free turbulent shear layers has been predicted successfully for the first time by a mean turbulent energy closure method using a new model for a specified pressure-dilitation correlation. A physical mechanism that produces this correlation has been hypothesized based on an eddy shock wave concept. This hypothesis indicates that the correlation would act like a turbulence energy sink or source according to whether the transverse gradients of mean Mach number and mean density have the same or opposite signs, respectively.
The BOPACE 3-D is a finite element computer program, which provides a general family of three-dimensional isoparametric solid elements, and includes a new algorithm for improving the efficiency of the elastic-plastic-creep solution procedure. Theoretical, user, and programmer oriented sections are presented to describe the program.
Modifications and additions incorporated into the BOPACE 3-D program are described. Updates to the program input data formats, error messages, file usage, size limitations, and overlay schematic are included.
Computational procedures are described for analyzing three-dimensional supersonic internal flows and multinozzle exhaust plume flowfields. The computer codes (BIGMAC and CHAR3D) embodying these procedures cater to a broad spectrum of geometric situations via the use of multiple reference plane grid networks in several coordinate systems. Shock capturing techniques are employed to trace the propagation and interaction of multiple shock surfaces. Gas properties consist of combustion products in chemical equilibrium. The computational accuracy of the codes is assessed via comparisons with the results of other codes and experimental data. Results are presented for the flows in two-dimensional ducts, corner flows, flow in a rectangular nozzle, and the plume flowfields for exhausts issuing out of single and multiple rectangular nozzles.
Cyclic stress-strain states in cooled turbine blades were calculated for a simulated mission of an advanced-technology commercial aircraft engine. The MARC, nonlinear, finite-element computer program was used for the analysis of impingement-cooled airfoils, with and without leading-edge film cooling. Creep was the predominant damage mode (ignoring hot corrosion), particularly artund film-cooling holes. Radially angled holes exhibited less creep than holes with axes normal to the surface. Beam-theory analyses of all-impingement-cooled airfoils gave fair agreement with MARC results for initial creep.
A new approach to panel methods is explored for two-dimensional steady incompressible flows. The method uses linear distributions of sources and vortices on straight-line panels, but satisfies boundary conditions on the actual body surface, at nodes that are also end points of the panels. The result is continuity in body-surface velocity distribution, without recourse to numerical quadrature for the velocity influence coefficients. The method is unusually sensitive to the distribution of the nodes. For example, it almost always fails to give acceptable results when the nodes are distributed randomly. However, the continuity of the velocity distribution makes possible a unique node redistribution scheme, which may be iterated to give accurate results reliably.
The description of the modified code includes details of a doublet subpanel technique in which panels that are close to a velocity calculation point are replaced by a subpanel set. This treatment gives the effect of a higher panel density without increasing the number of unknowns. In particular, the technique removes the close approach problem of the earlier singularity model in which distortions occur in the detailed pressure calculation near panel corners. Removal of this problem allowed a complete wake relaxation and roll-up iterative procedure to be installed in the code. The geometry package developed for the new technique and also for the more general configurations is based on a multiple patch scheme. Each patch has a regular array of panels, but arbitrary relationships are allowed between neighboring panels at the edges of adjacent patches. This provides great versatility for treating general configurations.
A method for obtaining the fine detail of a transonic flowfield is presented. The technique employs the multigrid method to embed very dense meshes in regions of interest. Accurate results are obtained on meshes of a heretofore unobtainable density with reasonable computer expenditures. Comparisons of results with data reveal accurate predictions in the supersonic bubble of a transonic inlet, an area which is incorrectly predicted by existing techniques. More accurate results are also obtained with the new method on a mesh of a density comparable to existing codes and at a lower cost.
A computer program HADY-I for calculating the linear incompressible or compressible stability characteristics of the laminar boundary layer on swept and tapered wings is described. The eigenvalue problem and its adjoint arising from the linearized disturbance equations with the appropriate boundary conditions are solved numerically using a combination of Newton-Raphson interative scheme and a variable step size integrator based on the Runge-Kutta-Fehlburh fifth-order formulas. The integrator is used in conjunction with a modified Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization procedure. The computer program HADY-I calculates the growth rates of crossflow or streamwise Tollmien-Schlichting instabilities. It also calculates the group velocities of these disturbances. It is restricted to parallel stability calculations, where the boundary layer (meanflow) is assumed to be parallel. The meanflow solution is an input to the program.
A method for computing the three-dimensional transonic flow around the blades of a compressor or of a propeller is given. The method is based on the use of the velocity potential, on the hypothesis that the flow is inviscid, irrotational and isentropic. The equation of the potential is solved in a transformed space such that the surface of the blade is mapped into a plane where the periodicity is implicit. This equation is in a nonconservative form and is solved with the help of a finite difference method using artificial time. A computer code is provided and some sample results are given in order to demonstrate the influence of three-dimensional effects and the blade's rotation.
Three-dimensional jet mixing problems are addressed by means of two parabolized Navier-Stokes models. The first of these analyzes supersonic, overexpanded or underexpanded nonaxisymmetric jets, and yields results that exhibit complex, three-dimensional interactions. The second model uses the same numerical framework as the first, and analyzes rectangular jets by means of a pressure-split formulation. Square and rectangular mixing jet problems that highlight this model's capabilities and exhibit the distortion of the nearfield jet contours associated with the streamwise vortices generated by two corner regions are presented.
The conservative form of the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations in terms of vorticity and stream function in generalized curvilinear coordinates are used to analyze the flow structure of steady separation and unsteady flow with massive separation. The numerical method solves the discretized equations using an ADI-BGE method. The method is applied to a symmetric 12 percent thick Joukowski airfoil. A conformal clustered grid is generated; several 1-D stretching transformations are used to obtain a grid that attempts to resolve many of the multiple scales of the unsteady flow with massive separation, while maintaining the transformation metrics to be smooth and continuous in the entire flow field. Detailed numerical results are obtained for three flow configurations (1) Re = 1000, alpha = 5 deg, (2) Re = 1000, alpha = 15 deg, (3) Re = 10,000, alpha = 5 deg. No artificial dissipation was added; however, lack of a fine grid in the normal direction has presently led to results which are considered qualitative, especially for case (3).