Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “WASHINGTON”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38

Oxygen availability is a major factor in determining the composition of microbial communities involved in methane oxidation

We have previously observed that methane supplied to lake sediment microbial communities as a substrate not only causes a response by bona fide methanotrophic bacteria, but also by non-methane-oxidizing bacteria, especially by members of the family Methylophilaceae. This result suggested that methane oxidation in this environment likely involves communities composed of different functional guilds, rather than a single type of microbe. To obtain further support for this concept and to obtain further insights into the factors that may define such partnerships, we carried out microcosm incubations with sediment samples from Lake Washington at five different oxygen tensions, while methane was supplied at the same concentration in each. Community composition was determined through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing after 10 and 16 weeks of incubation. We demonstrate that, in support of our prior observations, the methane-consuming communities were represented by two major types: the methanotrophs of the family Methylococcaceae and by non-methanotrophic methylotrophs of the family Methylophilaceae. However, different species persisted under different oxygen tensions. At high initial oxygen tensions (150 to 225 µM) the major players were, respectively, species of the genera Methylosarcina and Methylophilus, while at low initial oxygen tensions (15 to 75 µM) the major players were Methylobacter and Methylotenera. These data suggest that oxygen availability is at least one major factor determining specific partnerships in methane oxidation. The data also suggest that speciation within Methylococcaceae and Methylophilaceae may be driven by niche adaptation tailored toward specific placements within the oxygen gradient.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

BPA Facts

The Bonneville Power Administration is a federal nonprofit power marketing administration based in the Pacific Northwest . Although BPA is part of the U .S . Department of Energy, it is self-funding and covers its costs by selling its products and services . BPA markets wholesale electrical power from 31 federal hydro projects in the Columbia River Basin, one nonfederal nuclear plant and several small nonfederal power plants . The dams are operated by the U .S . Army Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Reclamation . About 30 percent of the electric power used in the Northwest comes from BPA . BPA’s resources — primarily hydroelectric — make its power nearly carbon free . BPA also operates and maintains about three- fourths of the high-voltage transmission in its service territory . BPA’s service territory includes Idaho, Oregon, Washington, western Montana and small parts of eastern Montana, California, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming . BPA promotes energy efficiency, renewable resources and new technologies that improve its ability to deliver on its mission . BPA also funds regional efforts to protect and enhance fish and wildlife populations affected by hydropower development in the Columbia River Basin . BPA is committed to public service and seeks to make its decisions in a manner that provides opportunities for input from stakeholders . In its vision statement, BPA dedicates itself to providing high system reliability, low rates consistent with sound business principles, environmental stewardship and accountability

BPA Vision, BPA Mission, Pacific Northwest, dams, ↗

TSPR: The Total System Performance Ratio as a Metric for HVAC System Efficiency

North American energy codes do not typically discriminate between high-performing and poorly-performing HVAC system types, thereby perpetuating the installation of systems with high energy consumption and carbon emissions. The problem is compounded in the US by federal preemption rules, prohibiting state and local energy codes from mandating more efficient equipment than is defined in federal standards. The lack of a total system efficiency metric for HVAC effectively blocks an eventual transition to a performance-based code structure. To surmount this problem, the City of Seattle and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have developed the Total System Performance Ratio (TSPR) as a proposed amendment to the 2018 Washington State Energy Code. The TSPR is a ratio that compares the annual space heating and cooling load of a building to the annual energy consumed by the building’s entire HVAC system. In the TSPR, target ratios for several building types are calculated in relation to those of the HVAC systems judged to be the most appropriate for each building type. Installation of the lowest-performing HVAC system types will be severely constrained, while exceptional design flexibility will still be provided. With financial support from an international nonprofit, a calculation software tool has been developed as a module of the US DOE Asset Score tool, using simplified building energy modeling. Taken together with whole-system evaluation options for lighting and building envelope systems, a whole-system HVAC performance evaluation would create a path for a transition away from prescriptive-based and towards performance-based codes.

Total System Performance Ratio, Performanced Based↗

Three-dimensional modeling: communicating risk to inform site cleanup priorities - 15238

Three-dimensional waste site models are being created at the Department of Energy's Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State as an important visualization tool for risk communication and remediation planning. When concluded, the user will have a detailed, three-dimensional subsurface view of waste sites, pipelines and facilities located in the Central Plateau portion of the site with respect to a hydrogeologic solids model of the area. This will enhance communication between the site contractor and primary points of contact, such as the government and the public. It will also allow users to plan for future projects to be completed on-site. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Testing and Deployment of Remote Systems to Remove Highly Radioactive Soil at Hanford's 324 Building - 18043

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) contractor CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company (CHPRC) is in the process of procuring, testing and deploying remotely operated tools to safely remove highly contaminated soil from beneath the 324 Building on the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State. The 324 Building operated for more than 40 years, completing a variety of high-dose engineering development and demonstration activities inside six hot cells that shielded the workers from the highly radioactive materials. Activities to decommission, decontaminate and demolish the facility began in 2008. In 2010, soil contamination was found in the soil under one of the hot cells, and building deactivation was paused to evaluate the soil contamination. Sampling efforts, using borehole technology, revealed significant under-building contamination with dose rates measuring has high as 130 Sv/hr (13,000 R/hr). The highly-contaminated soil has to be removed before traditional open air deactivation activities can continue. CHPRC completed proof of concept testing and built a full-scale test facility to demonstrate the effectiveness of three primary tools that will accomplish the floor and soil removal. The tools include a commercially available concrete saw, and a commercially available excavator arm that have been modified to operate remotely in the high-radiation environment within the hot-cell. In order to reduce the wear on the hot-cell overhead cranes, a remote operated rail and cart system has been designed to transport soil and debris out of the hot-cell to an airlock area where the waste will be separated, according to its level of radioactivity. A camera and light system has been designed to provide visual and audio coverage of the hot-cell area that will allow the operations to proceed from remote control stations. This paper will describe the primary remote operated equipment designed for the project and the challenges and processes for developing, testing and deploying the equipment necessary to excavate the soil from below the 324 Building. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Determining the Efficiency of the Hanford Waste End Effecter through Proof of Concept Testing - 18165

The ability to effectively retrieve aged and hardened waste from leaking underground storage tanks at the Hanford Site is critical to achieving tank closure and Tank Farm mission success. DOE's Tank Operations Contractor, Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) is currently developing with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) a confined sluicing end effecter known as the Hanford Waste End Effecter (HWEE). The HWEE is a high-pressure rotating multi water-jet (for waste dislocation) with an eductor transfer system that is designed to both mobilize and extract the eroded waste settled on tank bottoms. This technology development is planned to be accomplished in four phases: 1) HWEE proof of concept testing using cold simulants (based on known Hanford tank waste hardness characteristics); 2) HWEE retrieval system development and testing using cold simulant; 3) full scale HWEE system testing using cold simulant; and 4) deployment into an actual Hanford Tank with the intent to successfully retrieve remaining waste in the tank. This paper discusses the viability of the HWEE based on how well it removed the simulated hardpan and the amount of liquid left in the test bed during Phase 1. Water usage and retrieval rate were closely monitored. This paper only discusses Phase 1 testing and results completed in October 2017. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Exploiting Knowledge of Technetium in the Subsurface to Develop Remediation Strategies - 18223

Technetium-99 (Tc) contamination remains a major environmental problem at legacy nuclear reprocessing sites, such as the Hanford Site in south-central Washington State, where the total inventory of released Tc is estimated at 700 curies (Ci). The environmental risk associated with Tc is due to its long half-life (213,000 years) and the high mobility of the oxidized anionic pertechnetate species (Tc(VII)O{sub 4}{sup -}). Thus, there is a critical need to resolve scientific and technical issues underpinning the ability to safely, cost-effectively, and efficiently remediate Tc-contaminated vadose zone sediments and groundwater. Developing enhanced attenuation strategies for released Tc that reduce contaminant migration, while mitigating risk to human health and the environment, requires characterization of any retardation processes and Tc mass flux. The current conceptual model for Tc transport in the vadose zone assumes that Tc is predominantly present in its oxidized form as TcO{sub 4}{sup -}, which is highly soluble and mobile. However, under certain conditions, Tc can become entrained in solid phases. Tc-containing mineral phases from sediment cores extracted from various Hanford waste disposal sites were characterized to determine Tc present in vadose zone sediments as (i) TcO{sub 4} - that remains in water films associated with fine-grained sediments; (ii) Tc co-precipitated with other lanthanides in phosphate mineral phases; and (iii) Tc present as TcO{sub 2}.nH{sub 2}O in localized reducing zones. These results will be used to develop improved long-term Tc remediation strategies that are most likely to succeed during field application, through stimulation of conditions that enhance Tc attenuation. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Base Treatment for Uranium Immobilization at DOE's Hanford Site - 18279

Ammonia gas injection is currently being field tested for uranium remediation in the vadose zone at the Department of Energy's Hanford site in Washington State. U is a significant risk driver for the site because of its high mobility in the subsurface and the significant mass released due to Manhattan Project activities. In this research, we conducted laboratory batch experiments to evaluate the changes in mobility of U with different base treatments. Based on our current body of work, base treatment is a promising technique for U immobilization with ammonia gas being the optimal choice because (1) it increases partitioning coefficients for U and results in significant removal from the aqueous phase and (2) it does not add liquid to the vadose zone which could initially increase the flux of U into groundwater. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Progress Updates for the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant Project - 18327

The Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) Project is vital to the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) mission to cleanup radioactive waste at the Hanford Site, located in southeastern Washington State. The overall WTP Project objective is to design, build, and commission the facilities and systems that will treat and immobilize approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste stored in Hanford's 177 underground storage tanks. The combination of technologies in the WTP makes it a first-of-a-kind facility at a scale larger than ever, built for radioactive waste processing. DOE is proceeding with its approach to complete the WTP Project in phases, which includes the following principal actions: - Completing construction of the Low-Activity Waste (LAW) Facility, Balance of Facilities (BOF), and Analytical Laboratory (LAB) (collectively referred to as LBL); - Implementing a direct-feed low-activity waste (DFLAW) process to treat low-activity waste independent of the Pretreatment (PT) Facility; - Resolving the technical issues associated with primarily the PT Facility; - Completing the design and construction of the High-Level Waste (HLW) and PT facilities to enable integrated WTP operations. In March 2016, a federal judge amended the 2010 Consent Decree 1 completion milestones for the Hanford WTP, which generally aligns with DOE's plans for completing the WTP facilities in sequence: - Complete LAW Facility hot commissioning: December 31, 2023; - Complete HLW Facility hot commissioning: December 31, 2033; - Complete PT Facility hot commissioning: December 31, 2033; - Achieve initial plant operations for the WTP: December 31, 2036. Having established milestones for completing the WTP facilities has enabled DOE to formally implement its plans for completing the WTP facilities in sequence, starting with the LAW Facility. In December 2016, DOE executed a contract modification and approved a change to the project's performance baseline to complete the LBL facilities and incorporate modifications needed to allow direct feed of low-activity waste to the LAW Facility. Significant progress has been made toward completing the design, construction, and planning for commissioning of the facilities needed to enable the DFLAW operations to commence as early as January 2022. In 2012, DOE partially suspended production work on the WTP's PT Facility and to a lesser degree the HLW Facility because of unresolved technical issues associated with those facilities. In September 2017, DOE acknowledged the WTP contractor had met all the criteria for full resumption of engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) activities for the HLW Facility. By December 2017, DOE had completed the actions needed to resolve the six of the eight primary technical issues associated with the PT Facility, with the remaining two issues expected to be resolved in the first quarter of 2018. Although significant progress has been made to prepare for resuming production activities for the HLW and PT facilities, DOE has made the decision to constrain EPC work on those facilities in the near term based on DOE's higher priority of completing the WTP facilities needed to begin DFLAW operations. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Hanford Double Shell Tank Integrity Inspection - Integration of Customized Robotics - 18400

28 steel, double-shell, million gallon waste storage tanks located at the Hanford site in Washington State store both radioactive and hazardous waste. To monitor their condition and ensure continued viability, these tanks are inspected periodically through a comprehensive integrity program. In 2012, the first leak in a double-shell tank at Hanford was discovered in the 241-AY tank farm (Tank AY-102) and the failure was observed to be from the primary tank bottom. However, the exact failure location and damage mechanism have not been determined. A decision was made to pursue the capability to inspect the primary tank bottom region in order to provide additional tank integrity information. This work is particularly challenging due to the confined space in the double-shell tank annulus region (i.e. the 30 inch space between the primary and secondary tank shells), the limited dimensions of the tank risers that provide access to the annulus space (risers as small as 10 inches in diameter), and also the very small dimensions of the air channels in the concrete refractory pad that the primary waste storage tank rests on (channels are approximately two inches in diameter). Veolia Nuclear Solutions, along with Key Subcontractor Inuktun, were contracted to provide the capability to conduct these tank inspections in support of Hanford's double-shell tank integrity program. The Veolia Nuclear Solutions /Inuktun team designed, built, tested and delivered a tethered miniature robotic crawler system that utilizes the marsupial approach - a larger deployment crawler positions a smaller inspection crawler. The deployment crawler is installed via the tank riser, is magnetically coupled to the side of the tank shell, and drives to the selected deployment location at the end of one of the refractory channels where the small inspection robot is subsequently deployed. Operation of the equipment is controlled from a trailer outside the tank farm (a distance of several hundred feet). The system design includes a custom mechanism that provides for positioning and cable handling as well as the controls interface (laptop connected via control cables). The solution leveraged the Veolia Nuclear Solutions/Inuktun team's experience with delivering similar modular systems for other US and international sites. This simple but innovative solution delivered on an accelerated project schedule underlines the ability to provide effective robotic solutions to the nuclear industry. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Hanford Under-tank Inspection with Ultrasonic Volumetric Non-destructive Examination Technology - 18470

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Hanford Site Tank Operations Contractor Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC (WRPS) are sponsoring a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technology development program to identify and mature volumetric (non-visual) NDE technology that will enable the examination of Hanford double-shell tank (DST) bottoms. NDE technology for Hanford under-tank examination will be made possible through technology maturation that includes adaptation of NDE sensor technology to overcome access challenges presented by tank risers and refractory pad air-slots, followed by integration with robotic delivery systems, and ultimately qualification and deployment of the inspection systems. The stages of technology maturation and the testing and evaluation required to support the process are organized under three program phases: Phase I - NDE Capability Testing: Identify and down-select NDE technologies based on flaw detection and characterization abilities only; Phase 2 - NDE Delivery System Testing: Mature promising NDE technologies to adapt transducer hardware and robotic delivery system to address access challenges; Phase 3 - Full-scale Demonstration of Integrated NDE System: Demonstrate adapted NDE technologies in a cold test platform to challenge flaw detection and navigation abilities. Phase I of the program, which was initiated and completed in FY2017, focused on completing the following five key activities: 1. Identifying a broad cross section of potentially applicable NDE volumetric inspection technologies for under-tank examination. 2. Down-selecting the broad set of NDE technologies to a set of strong candidates based on initial flaw detection performance and potential to be adapted/matured to overcome primary tank access challenges posed by access risers and/or refractory pad air-slots. 3. Evaluating the flaw detection performance of the candidate sensors through testing. 4. Using the test results to baseline sensor performance against the flaw detection requirements established for high-level waste tanks. 5. Assessing the trade-offs and vulnerabilities of the candidate sensors that would negatively impact sensor performance reliability or complicate tank inspection operations. The completion of the first three key activities satisfied the first two Phase I test objectives, which were to complete Technology Screening and Sensor Effectiveness Testing. Completion of the fourth key activity satisfied the final test objective of Phase I, which was to determine the extent to which the sensors can satisfy high-level waste tank flaw detection requirements. Sensor flaw detection performance testing yielded several suitable sensor technology options, although each has specific risks or challenges that would need to be accepted or overcome. Thus, the fifth key activity was performed to evaluate sensor risks and challenges for consideration with flaw detection performance. The Phase I evaluation outcomes will be used to support the Phase I programmatic objective, which is to identify one or more NDE sensor technologies for adaptation and maturation for the DST environment. Selection of one or more sensors will mark the culmination of Phase I of the NDE Technology Development Program and allow progression to Phase II.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

A Tool for Planning Near-Term Waste Transfers at the Hanford Site - 18491

Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC is developing a software tool designed to simulate near-term waste affecting activities at the Hanford Site. The tool will allow for timely planning and evaluation of near-term operational activities, as well as facilitate feedback incorporation from the field to enable rapid iteration of various planning scenarios for a Multi-Year Operating Plan. Implementation of this tool in the Multi-Year Operating Plan planning process will support building a better connection between execution of daily activities and long-term mission objectives. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Immobilized Low-Activity Waste Transportation System - 18496

The transportation of radioactive immobilized low-activity waste (ILAW) containers at the United States Department of Energy's (DOE) Hanford site is planned with a new ILAW transporter system. A project will design, procure, and fabricate components to support the safe and efficient transport of the radioactive ILAW containers, generated at the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP), Low-Activity Waste (LAW) production facility, to the Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF) final disposal site. Prototype design was completed in fiscal year (FY) 2017. Fabrication of the transportation trailer/pallet system is occurring in FY2018, with testing to be completed in early FY2019. Any design modification will be incorporated into the design, and procurement of additional systems will then occur, to support WTP LAW hot commissioning, as soon as 2022. This project is implemented by the DOE tank farm contractor, Washington River Protection Solutions LLC (WRPS), with primary prototype design and fabrication being performed by SNC-Lavalin (Atkins). (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Cementitious Waste Form Development for Treatment of EMF Evaporator Bottoms - 18611

Direct Feed Low-Activity Waste operations at the Hanford Site (Washington State, USA) involve concentrating the Hanford low-activity waste (LAW) melter off-gas condensate waste stream by evaporation at the Effluent Management Facility (EMF) followed by recycle back to the melter feed. The EMF evaporator bottoms waste stream is expected to contain variable, high levels of halides and sulfate that could strain LAW melter performance and co-mingled radionuclides, technetium-99 ({sup 99}Tc) and iodine-129 ({sup 129}I), that readily volatilize in the LAW melter and are expected to accumulate during recycle. To this end, there is a need for alternative disposition paths for the EMF evaporator bottoms waste stream that bypass recycling to the LAW melter. One such alternative is solidification in low-temperature cementitious waste forms (CWFs) that meet disposal facility acceptance criteria. The work herein addresses recent waste form development and testing performed to identify CWF candidates that meet off-site disposal acceptance criteria and/or on-site Hanford Integrated Disposal Facility waste acceptance criteria. Phase one testing activities included the production and evaporation of simulated EMF evaporator feed from the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant melter offgas effluent liquid secondary waste stream, which was then analyzed to demonstrate the behavior and fate of contaminants of concern (COCs). Based on analyses from these preliminary tests, a simulant for the EMF evaporator bottoms waste stream was formulated and used to evaluate several dry material compositions proposed for CWF development and testing. In particular, dry ingredient recipes used in early testing efforts contained a combination of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), Class F fly ash (FA), blast furnace slag (BFS), Aquaset{sup R} II-H, and/or Aquaset{sup R} II-GH to generate CWFs at various water-to-dry material ratios. CWFs were then tested according to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) for COCs, such as Cr, Zn, As, and Se, to determine which specimens comply with land disposal restrictions (40 CFR 268). The results of TCLP testing showed that chromium leaching was a persistent challenge, except when using the original Cast Stone dry ingredient recipe (8% OPC, 47% BFS, 45% FA) to immobilize the EMF evaporator bottoms simulant. Improving Cr immobilization and evaluating leaching behavior for COC Hg were identified as objectives for the second phase of testing. During second phase testing efforts, a screening test was performed to determine whether the bulk EMF waste composition is a factor in producing an acceptable solidified waste form. A series of eight simulants with varying concentrations of major salts of boron, chloride, nitrite, and sulfate were prepared and immobilized using three dry ingredient recipes. Each dry ingredient recipe contained two to three of the following: BFS, OPC, FA, and Aquaset{sup R} II-GH. All eight simulants were spiked with Zn, Cr, As, Se, and Hg prior to production of the CWFs, similar to previous tests, and used to test for residual free liquids and TCLP analysis. The TCLP results indicate that all phase two formulated CWFs meet land disposal requirements when compared to Universal Treatment Standards (40 CFR 268) for hazardous wastes, regardless of simulant composition. Furthermore, re-absorption of residual free liquids is most quickly achieved for nearly all simulant compositions using the original Cast Stone recipe; however, replicas analysis is required to corroborate these findings. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Energy Efficiency and Infrastructure Upgrades on Nuclear Clean-up Sites: The Hanford Experience - 18641

The Hanford site, located in southeastern Washington, produced much of our nation's weapons-grade plutonium for the Defense nuclear weapons program. This production lasted the better part of four decades with production ending in 1987. Since 1987, the focus of the Hanford site has turned to clean-up activities. Mission Support Alliance (MSA) is the integrator of the multi-contractor effort to clean up the Hanford site. MSA collaborates with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and all Hanford site contractors in finding and implementing new, cost-saving, safe and practical solutions to cleanup challenges with a continual focus on innovative processes and technologies that reduce costs, energy use and bring safety improvements to the site. Support Services include environmental integration and land management; fleet and road maintenance; water/electric and utilities; cyber security and information management as well as the preservation of the site's cultural artifacts. This paper describes the process, challenges, and focus on infrastructure upgrade and energy efficiency projects in the context of a multi-contractor nuclear clean-up site. Project development and new technology deployment at Hanford has long been plagued with economic challenges. For example, despite extensive auditing, analysis, and project development, most of the energy-related projects on the Hanford site have gone unfunded due to the low cost of electricity, the relatively high cost of labor, and costs associated with detailed safety and cultural reviews. - The Hanford site is a direct-service customer of the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and has a marginal electricity rate of $0.033/kWh. - Labor costs on the Hanford site track high because of the requirements associated with the safety and security necessary to operate a legacy nuclear weapons complex. - In partnership with three federally recognized and other affected Native American tribes (Yakama Nation, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, the Nez Perce Tribe, and Wanapum People), most activities on the Hanford site are afforded in-depth cultural reviews. To work within these constraints, the MSA Energy Management team has embarked on a three-pronged approach to energy project development: Program Visibility: The MSA Energy Management team has promoted both project opportunities and requirements across the Hanford site. This information comes in the form of site-wide newsletters, group meetings, e-mails, success stories, and recognition of staff. Single-point Analysis: To by-pass the inevitable duplications of effort, learning curve issues, and to improve project consistency/delivery, the MSA Energy Management team serves as the single resource to the site for energy project analysis. This resource includes initial assessment, engineering analysis, efficiency calculation and project recommendations. Contractor/utility Interface: In addition to the infrastructure under its own purview, MSA provides all support services for the contractor/utility interface. These activities include formulation and submission of incentive-based efficiency projects, project tracking, and incentive awards. All incentive awards are forwarded to the relevant contractor and then highlighted in the visibility campaign. Successful energy efficiency projects at Hanford have included high efficiency heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) systems, interior and exterior lighting/lighting control systems, pump and motor systems, and the right-sizing of transformers and area-wide electrical distribution systems. Prior to the initiation of this program and structure (roughly 3 years ago) the average annual energy efficiency incentive applied for and received was under $10,000, with an annual energy savings of approximately 36,000 kilowatt hours (kWh). In fiscal year 2017, the annual incentive received was over $419,000, with identified energy savings of over 1.3 million kWh. Details and case studies of the major project accomplishments are included. The success of this program can be traced to an understanding of the constraints, the development of a program to address these constraints, and good communication/coordination across DOE and the multiple contractors serving the Hanford site. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Refocusing an Employee Engagement Organization to Improve Participation, Member Benefits, and Impact - 19036

Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC (WRPS) provides its employees with programs and opportunities to develop professional skills and to network. Among these is an employee engagement organization called 'WRPSpeed'. WRPSpeed was founded in 2009 initially to support new employees, specifically early-career employees and those new to the Columbia Basin area surrounding the Hanford Site. It was, and remains today, an opt-in program, meaning that in order to join, employees must request to become a member; the only requirement to join is to be a WRPS employee. WRPSpeed has historically offered presentations on professional development topics along with various events and activities supporting professional networking, such as after-work-hours events and community sports teams. Since its creation, WRPSpeed has experienced an ebb and flow of interest, participation, and success. Beginning in early 2017, existing members of the WRPSpeed board examined the stagnant growth trend of the organization and determined change was needed in order to truly accomplish the mission and goals visualized by the board and by WRPS management. These changes culminated in the establishment of a new board position, Marketing and Branding, which allowed WRPSpeed to refocus their messaging and image expressed to the WRPS employee base at large. The primary objectives of the new Marketing and Branding board position were 1) to communicate the identity of WRPSpeed, 2) to communicate the benefits of participation to the WRPS employee base, and 3) to grow WRPSpeed's presence as an active community steward. During the previous years of operation, its brand had developed two main audience perception problems: a perception of exclusivity, which limited membership growth; and a lack of recognition and awareness. Though initially founded as a group for new and early-career employees, the board recognized the benefits of offering all employees the opportunity to participate. This allows more people to engage in the organization and experience the benefits, and also offers the membership and program a more robust network of professional and personal experiences and connections. Concurrent with the launch of Marketing and Branding, the WRPSpeed board reviewed their current functions and activities to determine opportunities for improvement and scale-up. The goal of this internal review was to ensure the benefits offered and advertised by WRPSpeed were high quality, valuable, and engaging. It was up to Marketing and Branding to develop strategies for the success of these efforts and reach all parties in the expanded membership. A marketing communications strategy was developed to establish a revitalized WRPSpeed image and clearly project that new image to a wider audience. The first step was to rewrite the mission statement for the organization, which established, in writing, its primary pillars: community stewardship, professional networking, and professional development. With a new mission statement and the WRPSpeed board in concurrence with - and coached on - the new image, the Marketing and Branding team launched its rebranding campaign. The campaign included a refreshed logo and theme, a new monthly newsletter for existing membership, increased and consistently stylized communications about events, a revitalized organization web page, and a ramp-up schedule for large-scale, multimedia communications to the entire company. From July 2017, when they began, to June 2018, the Marketing and Branding efforts have garnered a 20% increase in membership overall. Additionally, members surveyed in May 2018 showed 49% of respondents had been participating in WRPSpeed between 0 and 12 months; 13% responded '1-2 years'; and 38% responded '2+ years'. These results confirm an upward trend in membership, and attendance records show an increase in new people attending events. Also, parallel increases in number and quality of activities and increases in networking with employee groups from other local companies such as Bechtel National, Inc. and AECOM have improved member satisfaction and positive word of mouth among the employee population. As with any organization, employee engagement-and-retention groups like WRPSpeed face the challenges of staying relevant and beneficial to existing members while continuing to grow their program and impact. However, employee engagement organizations also have the unique opportunity to connect employees across the company and to provide them opportunities otherwise unavailable via other programs. Often these groups also have the flexibility to tailor the offerings, events, and activities to suit the specific needs and aspirations of the employees. With this exceptional position, it is important to continue to strive to offer high quality, significant, and useful benefits to the employees and, thus, the company. The strategies and campaigns employed to revitalize WRPSpeed have proven exceptionally effective in-house and are useful to other employee groups as templates for their own improvement and as opportunities for benchmarking. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Cesium Ion Exchange Testing Using Crystalline Silicotitanate with Hanford Tank Waste 241-AP-107 - 19104

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has been tasked with demonstrating the unit operations for the Low-Activity Waste Pretreatment System (LAWPS) with Hanford tank waste. Washington River Protection Solutions requested that Hanford tank waste collected from tank 241-AP-107 be processed using conceived pretreatment steps (suspended solids removal by filtration, Cs removal by ion exchange), then vitrified. Bench-scale ion exchange testing with approximately 9 L of filtered AP-107 supernate was conducted using crystalline silicotitanate (CST) ion exchange media. Batch contact testing was performed to evaluate CST performance on tank waste prior to processing it in the LAWPS. Subsequently, column testing was performed using prototypic LAWPS operations in a lead-lag column arrangement using 10-mL CST beds. Loading continued until the lag column reached the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant waste acceptance criteria (WAC) for receiving supernatant waste for vitrification (a function of the Na and {sup 137}Cs concentrations). The Cs effluent from the lag column reached the WAC after processing half the feed volume. To keep the subsequent product effluent below the WAC, a new lag column was needed to continue processing and the original lag column was moved to the lead position. Greater than 99% of the Cs processed through the ion exchange system was collected on the CST in the columns. The AP-107 feed and column processing effluent underwent extensive characterization to better define waste characteristics and assess fractionation to the CST. Selected batch contact and lead column samples were analyzed to assess selected metal analyte load characteristics. Results of these analyses will be discussed. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Panel Session 35: Panel: Graduating Students and New Scientists and Engineers - Wants and Needs - Are Companies Even Listening?

This panel focuses on new hires, graduating scientists and engineers having open lines of communication with employers. Considering the projected shortfalls in the workforce, effective communication of wants and needs of both the employer and employee must exist. Do these needs differ between industries and/or generations? Currently, it seems that both sides must work harder to achieve this level of communication. With this new approach, both sides can express their wants and needs for a more satisfied workforce and a better work environment. Presentations proposed include: 1 - Graduating Students and New Engineers - Wants and Needs - Are 'National Labs' Even Listening? (Michelle Bingham, Idaho National Laboratory (USA)); 2 - Graduating Students and New Engineers - Wants and Needs - Are Companies Even Listening? (Alexander Pappas, Washington River Protection Solutions (USA)); 3 - Graduating Students and New Engineers - Wants and Needs - Are the Government Agencies Even Listening? (Lisa Phillips, US DOE (USA)); 4 - Graduating Students and New Engineers - Wants and Needs - Are Companies Even Listening? (Silvina Di Pietro, Applied Research Center - FIU (USA), Ximena Lugo, Applied Research Center - FIU (USA))

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗