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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 685 records · Page 38
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DOE OSTI2018

Unified first law in inhomogeneous and anisotropic spacetime models: Some general prescription

In this paper we investigate the interrelationship between the unified first law of thermodynamics and the Friedmann equations for three anisotropic and inhomogeneous spacetime metrics namely Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi and Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker type inhomogeneous spacetime model and Kantowski–Sachs type model. In all these models we find that Einstein field equations are obtained by projecting the unified first law along and perpendicular to the Kodama vector and also along two linearly independent directions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Metastability bounds on flavor-violating trilinear soft terms in the MSSM

The vacuum stability bounds on flavor-violating trilinear soft terms are revisited from the viewpoint that one should not ban a standard-model-like false vacuum as long as it is long-lived on a cosmological time scale. The vacuum transition rate is evaluated numerically by searching for the bounce configuration. Like stability, a metastability bound does not decouple even if sfermion masses grow. Apart from being more generous than stability, the new bounds are largely independent of Yukawa couplings except for the stop trilinears. With vacuum longevity imposed on otherwise arbitrary LR insertions, it is found that a super flavor factory has the potential to probe sparticle masses up to a few TeV through B and {tau} physics whereas the MEG experiment might cover a far wider range. In the stop sector, metastability is more restrictive than any existing experimental constraint such as from electroweak precision data. Also discussed are dependency on other parameters and reliability under radiative corrections.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Light colored scalar as messenger of up-quark flavor dynamics in grand unified theories

The measured forward-backward asymmetry in the tt production at the Tevatron might be explained by the additional exchange of a colored weak singlet scalar. Such state appears in some of the grand unified theories, and its interactions with the up-quarks are purely antisymmetric in flavor space. We systematically investigate the resulting impact on charm and top quark physics. The constraints on the relevant Yukawa couplings come from the experimentally measured observables related to D{sup 0}-D{sup 0} oscillations, as well as dijet and single-top production measurements at the Tevatron. After fully constraining the relevant Yukawa couplings, we predict possible signatures of this model in rare top quark decays. In a class of grand unified models we demonstrate how the obtained information enables to constrain the Yukawa couplings of the up-quarks at very high energy scale.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Saturn Radiation Dose Environment Characterization

To understand the environment where a time-resolved hard x-ray spectrometer (AXIOM) might be fielded, experiments and simulations were performed to analyze the radiation dose environment underneath the Saturn vacuum dome. Knowledge of this environment is critical to the design and placement of the spectrometer. Experiments demonstrated that the machine performance, at least in terms of on-axis dose, has not significantly changed over the decades. Simulations of the off-axis dose were performed to identify possible spectrometer locations of interest. The effects from the source and dome hardware as well as source distributions and angles of incidence on the radiation environment were also investigated. Finally, a unified radiation transport model was developed for two widely used radiation transport codes to investigate the off-axis dose profiles and the time-dependent x-ray energy spectrum. The demonstrated equivalence of the unified radiation transport model between the radiation transport codes allows the team to tie future time-dependent x-ray environment calculations to previous integral simulations for the Saturn facility.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

MEG Experiment - New Result and Prospects

The MEG Experiment searches for a lepton flavour violating muon decay, {mu}{sup +} {yields} e{sup +}{gamma}, with a branching ratio sensitivity of 10{sup -13} in order to explore the parameter region predicted by many theoretical models beyond the Standard Model. The first physics run has been performed in 2008, and the second phase of data taking was carried out in 2009 after some detector upgrades. We have performed a likelihood analysis with a sensitivity of 6.1 x10{sup -12}, which is approximately twice better than the current upper limit set by the previous experiment, and set an upper limit on the branching ratio B({mu}{sup +}{yields}e{sup +}{gamma})<1.5x10{sup -11}(90%C.L.).

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2010

Lepton flavor violation in a nonuniversal gauge interaction model

The flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNC) are derived at tree level if the electroweak gauge group depends on the fermion family, which are absent in the standard model. We study the lepton flavor violation through the FCNC interactions in a nonuniversal gauge interaction model where the third generation fermions are subjected to the separate SU(2){sub L} gauge group.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Semi-dynamical perturbations of unified dark energy

Linear cosmological perturbations of a large class of modified gravity and dark energy models can be unified in the effective field theory of cosmic acceleration, encompassing Horndeski scalar-tensor theories and beyond. The fully available model space inherent to this formalism cannot be constrained by measurements in the quasistatic small-scale regime alone. To facilitate the analysis of modifications from the concordance model beyond this limit, we introduce a semi-dynamical treatment extrapolated from the evolution of perturbations at a pivot scale of choice. At small scales, and for Horndeski theories, the resulting modifications recover a quasistatic approximation but account for corrections to it near the Hubble scale. For models beyond Horndeski gravity, we find that the velocity field and time derivative of the spatial metric potential can generally not be neglected, even in the small-scale limit. We test the semi-dynamical approximation against the linear perturbations of a range of dark energy and modified gravity models, finding good agreement between the two.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Can flavor physics hint at distinctive signals for R-parity violation at the LHC?

Observation of some low-energy processes in the flavor physics regime may require the existence of supersymmetry with two relatively large R-parity-violating couplings of the {lambda}{sup '}-type, together with reasonably light superparticles. At the LHC, such interactions would be expected to give rise to clear signals with convenient leptonic triggers, including some multileptons of the same sign. We undertake a detailed investigation of these signals taking care to correlate with low-energy requirements and taking proper account of the standard model backgrounds as well as the R-parity-conserving sector of the supersymmetric model. We find clear indications that R-parity violation as envisaged in this scenario can be detected at the LHC - even, perhaps, in the early runs.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Rotationally invariant slave-boson and density matrix embedding theory: Unified framework and comparative study on the one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hubbard model [Rotationally invariant slave-boson and density matrix embedding theory: A unified framework and a comparative study on the 1D and 2D Hubbard Model]

We present detailed benchmark ground-state calculations of the one- and two-dimensional Hubbard model utilizing the cluster extensions of the rotationally invariant slave-boson mean-field theory and the density matrix embedding theory. Our analysis shows that the overall accuracy and the performance of these two methods are very similar. Furthermore, we propose a unified computational framework that allows us to implement both of these techniques on the same footing. In conclusion, this provides us with a different line of interpretation and paves the ways for developing systematically distinct generalizations of these complementary approaches.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Collaborative Research: Reducing tropical precipitation biases in CESM — Tests of unified parameterizations with ARM observations

In state-of-the-art climate models, each cloud type is treated using its own separate cloud parameterization and its own separate microphysics parameterization. This use of separate schemes for separate cloud regimes is undesirable because it is theoretically unfounded, it hampers interpretation of results, and it leads to the temptation to overtune parameters. In this grant, we are creating a climate model that contains a unified cloud parameterization and a unified microphysics parameterization. This model will be used to address the problems of excessive frequency of drizzle in climate models and excessively early onset of deep convection in the Tropics over land. The resulting model will be compared with ARM observations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2010

Determining the structure of supersymmetry breaking with renormalization group invariants.

If collider experiments demonstrate that the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) is a good description of nature at the weak scale, the experimental priority will be the precise determination of superpartner masses. These masses are governed by the weak scale values of the soft supersymmetry-breaking (SUSY-breaking) parameters, which are in turn highly dependent on the SUSY-breaking scheme present at high scales. It is therefore of great interest to find patterns in the soft parameters that can distinguish different high-scale SUSY-breaking structures, identify the scale at which the breaking is communicated to the visible sector, and determine the soft breaking parameters at that scale. In this work, we demonstrate that 1-loop renormalization group invariant quantities present in the MSSM may be used to answer each of these questions. We apply our method first to generic flavor-blind models of SUSY breaking, and then we examine in detail the subset of these models described by general gauge mediation and the constrained MSSM with nonuniversal Higgs masses. As renormalization group invariance generally does not hold beyond leading-log order, we investigate the magnitude and direction of the 2-loop corrections. We find that with superpartners at the TeV scale, these 2-loop effects are either negligible, or they are of the order of optimistic experimental uncertainties and have definite signs, which allows them to be easily accounted for in the overall uncertainty.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Comments on “A Unified Representation of Deep Moist Convection in Numerical Modeling of the Atmosphere. Part I”

Arakawa and Wu (2013, hereafter referred to as AW13) recently developed a formal approach to a unified parameterization of atmospheric convection for high-resolution numerical models. The work is based on ideas formulated by Arakawa et al. (2011). It lays the foundation for a new parameterization pathway in the era of high-resolution numerical modeling of the atmosphere. The key parameter in this approach is convective cloud fraction. In conventional parameterization, it is assumed that <<1. This assumption is no longer valid when horizontal resolution of numerical models approaches a few to a few tens kilometers, since in such situations convective cloud fraction can be comparable to unity. Therefore, they argue that the conventional approach to parameterizing convective transport must include a factor 1 - in order to unify the parameterization for the full range of model resolutions so that it is scale-aware and valid for large convective cloud fractions. While AW13’s approach provides important guidance for future convective parameterization development, in this note we intend to show that the conventional approach already has this scale awareness factor 1 - built in, although not recognized for the last forty years. Therefore, it should work well even in situations of large convective cloud fractions in high-resolution numerical models.

atmospheric↗
DOE OSTI2010

Exact one-loop evolution invariants in the standard model

Guided by considerations of flavor symmetry, we construct a set of exact standard model renormalization group evolution invariants which link quark masses and mixing parameters. We examine their phenomenological implications and infer a simple combination of Yukawa coupling matrices which plays a unique role in the standard model, suggesting a possible new insight into the observed spectrum of quark masses. Our evolution invariants are readily generalized to the leptons in the case of Dirac neutrinos, but do not appear to be relevant for either quarks or leptons in the minimal supersymmetric standard model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Additive effects of electronic and nuclear energy loss in irradiation-induced amorphization of zircon

We used a combination of ion cascades and the unified thermal spike model to study the electronic effects from 800 keV Kr and Xe ion irradiation in zircon. We compared the damage production for four cases: (a) due to ion cascades alone, (b) due to ion cascades with the electronic energy loss activated as a friction term, (c) due to the thermal spike from the combined electronic and nuclear energy losses, and (d) due to ion cascades with electronic stopping and the electron-phonon interactions superimposed. As a result, we found that taking the electronic energy loss out as a friction term results in reduced damage, while the electronic electron-phonon interactions have additive impact on the final damage created per ion.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Gas-kinetic unified algorithm for hypersonic flows covering various flow regimes solving Boltzmann model equation in nonequilibrium effect

Based on the Gas-Kinetic Unified Algorithm (GKUA) directly solving the Boltzmann model equation, the effect of rotational non-equilibrium is investigated recurring to the kinetic Rykov model with relaxation property of rotational degrees of freedom. The spin movement of diatomic molecule is described by moment of inertia, and the conservation of total angle momentum is taken as a new Boltzmann collision invariant. The molecular velocity distribution function is integrated by the weight factor on the internal energy, and the closed system of two kinetic controlling equations is obtained with inelastic and elastic collisions. The optimization selection technique of discrete velocity ordinate points and numerical quadrature rules for macroscopic flow variables with dynamic updating evolvement are developed to simulate hypersonic flows, and the gas-kinetic numerical scheme is constructed to capture the time evolution of the discretized velocity distribution functions. The gas-kinetic boundary conditions in thermodynamic non-equilibrium and numerical procedures are studied and implemented by directly acting on the velocity distribution function, and then the unified algorithm of Boltzmann model equation involving non-equilibrium effect is presented for the whole range of flow regimes. The hypersonic flows involving non-equilibrium effect are numerically simulated including the inner flows of shock wave structures in nitrogen with different Mach numbers of 1.5-Ma-25, the planar ramp flow with the whole range of Knudsen numbers of 0.0009-Kn-10 and the three-dimensional re-entering flows around tine double-cone body.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

B{yields}X{sub s}{gamma} constraints on the top quark anomalous t{yields}c{gamma} coupling

Observation of the top quark flavor changing neutral process t{yields}c+{gamma} at the LHC would be the signal of physics beyond the standard model. If anomalous t{yields}c{gamma} coupling exists, it will affect the precisely measured B(B{yields}X{sub s}{gamma}). In this paper, we study the effects of a dimension 5 anomalous tc{gamma} operator in B{yields}X{sub s}{gamma} decay to derive constraints on its possible strength. It is found that, for real anomalous t{yields}c{gamma} coupling {kappa}{sub tcR}{sup {gamma}}, the constraints correspond to the upper bounds B(t{yields}c+{gamma})<6.54x10{sup -5} (for {kappa}{sub tcR}{sup {gamma}}>0) and B(t{yields}c+{gamma})<8.52x10{sup -5} (for {kappa}{sub tcR}{sup {gamma}}<0), respectively, which are about the same order as the 5{sigma} discovery potential of ATLAS (9.4x10{sup -5}) and slightly lower than that of CMS (4.1x10{sup -4}) with 10 fb{sup -1} integrated luminosity operating at {radical}(s)=14 TeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗