Recombination Analysis in Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Solar Cells With Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
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14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “Solar Analysis”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Opportunities for Clean Energy in Natural Gas Well Operations
The oil and gas industry is increasingly seeking operational improvements to reduce both costs and emissions while improving resilience against electric grid outages. This study describes techno-economic analysis of opportunities for distributed energy generation and storage technologies to support companies’ energy cost savings, clean energy, and energy resiliency goals. Specifically, the analysis evaluates solar photovoltaics (PV), distributed wind energy, and battery energy storage at hypothetical upstream well sites in the Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania, both grid-connected and off-grid. Results indicate opportunity for solar PV to reduce operational costs. Additionally, these technologies reduce the site’s consumption of grid electricity and natural gas and thus can help reduce Scope 1 and 2 emissions associated with electricity and natural gas consumption. For each emissions reduction scenario, a cost of avoided emissions was calculated; these values can be compared to internal organizational value placed on emissions reductions, compared to other emissions reduction strategies such as energy efficiency, reducing flaring, and direct carbon capture and sequestration, and compared to existing (albeit limited) U.S. carbon markets such as California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard. Results indicate that the associated costs of emissions reductions via distributed renewables are competitive with these options and markets. The study also explores the ability of these electric clean energy technologies to support site resiliency against utility outages.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Institutional Transformation v. 2.6
IX uses whole building analysis, and solar power cost algorithms to evaluate tradeoffs associated with alternative large-scale, long term facilities energy conservation strategies. It is designed to use existing energy simulation tools such as doe2.2 and SAMS to produce detailed results which are then processed at a higher level.
Villa, Daniel↗
(DG)2 (Distributed Generation for Distribution Grids) [SWR-18-63]
(DG)2 is an impact analysis tool for electrical utilities to perform spatio-temporal analysis with solar and battery energy storage systems. The purpose of the tool is to help distribution utilities with identifying impacts and costs associated with locating a MW-scale solar farm and energy storage system at a certain location over other choices. This tool also assists utilities to assess the amount of reverse power flow at the transmission lines.
Latif, Aadil↗
PyPVRPM: Photovoltaic Reliability and Performance Model in Python
The ability to perform accurate techno-economic analysis of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is essential for bankability and investment purposes. Most energy yield models assume an almost flawless operation (i.e., no failures); however, realistically, components fail and get repaired stochastically. This package, PyPVRPM, is a Python translation and improvement of the Language Kit (LK) based PhotoVoltaic Reliability Performance Model (PVRPM), which was first developed at Sandia National Laboratories in Goldsim software (Granata et al., 2011) (Miller et al., 2012). PyPVRPM allows the user to define a PV system at a specific location and incorporate failure, repair, and detection rates and distributions to calculate energy yield and other financial metrics such as the levelized cost of energy and net present value (Klise, Lavrova, et al., 2017). Our package is a simulation tool that uses NREL’s Python interface for System Advisor Model (SAM) (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2020b) (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2020a) to evaluate the performance of a PV plant throughout its lifetime by considering component reliability metrics. Besides the numerous benefits from migrating to Python (e.g., speed, libraries, batch analyses), it also expands on the failure and repair processes from the LK version by including the ability to vary monitoring strategies. These failures, repairs, and monitoring processes are based on user-defined distributions and values, enabling a more accurate and realistic representation of cost and availability throughout a PV system’s lifetime.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Life Cycle Analysis and Recycling of CdTe Solar Modules
Photovoltaic modules may contain small amounts of regulated materials, which vary from one type to another. The photovoltaic industry is investigating module recycling options as part of their pro- active long-term environmental strategy to preserve the environmental friendliness of solar cells. Previous studies at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and First Solar L.L.C. (FS) showed that recycling is technologically and economically feasible, but further research is needed to achieve complete separation and recovery of the metals. Brookhaven's PV EH&S Program and First Solar have collaborated in the past in the area of recycling research, with First Solar supplying samples of PV modules and samples of manufacturing waste that BNL needed for its research.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
Nationwide Analysis of U.S. Commercial Building Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Breakeven Conditions
The commercial sector offers strong potential for solar photovoltaics (PV) owing to abundant available roof space suitable for PV and the opportunity to offset the sector's substantial retail electricity purchases. This report evaluated the breakeven price of PV for 15 different building types and various financing options by calculating electricity savings based on detailed rate structures for most U.S. utility territories (representing approximately two thirds of U.S. commercial customers). We find that at current capital costs, an estimated 1/3 of U.S. commercial customers break even in the cash scenario and approximately 2/3 break even in the loan scenario. Variation in retail rates is a stronger driver of breakeven prices than is variation in building load or solar generation profiles. At the building level, variation in the average breakeven price is largely driven by the ability for a PV system to reduce demand charges.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Final Technical Report: Integrated Distribution-Transmission Analysis for Very High Penetration Solar PV
Transmission and distribution simulations have historically been conducted separately, echoing their division in grid operations and planning while avoiding inherent computational challenges. Today, however, rapid growth in distributed energy resources (DERs)--including distributed generation from solar photovoltaics (DGPV)--requires understanding the unprecedented interactions between distribution and transmission. To capture these interactions, especially for high-penetration DGPV scenarios, this research project developed a first-of-its-kind, high performance computer (HPC) based, integrated transmission-distribution tool, the Integrated Grid Modeling System (IGMS). The tool was then used in initial explorations of system-wide operational interactions of high-penetration DGPV.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
PV System Component Fault and Failure Compilation and Analysis.
This report describes data collection and analysis of solar photovoltaic (PV) equipment events, which consist of faults and fa ilures that occur during the normal operation of a distributed PV system or PV power plant. We present summary statistics from locations w here maintenance data is being collected at various intervals, as well as reliability statistics gathered from that da ta, consisting of fault/failure distributions and repair distributions for a wide range of PV equipment types.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Arkansas Residential Energy Code Field Study (Baseline Report)
A research project in the State of Arkansas identified opportunities to reduce homeowner utility bills in residential single-family new construction by increasing compliance with the state energy code. The study was initiated in May 2015 and continued through October 2015. During this period, research teams visited 226 homes during various stages of construction, resulting in a substantial data set based on observations made directly in the field. Analysis of the data has led to a better understanding of the energy features present in homes, and indicates over $300,000 in potential annual savings to Arkansas homeowners that could result from increased code compliance.
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
National Cost-Effectiveness of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016
The purpose of this analysis is to examine the cost-effectiveness of the 2016 edition of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1, which is developed by the ASHRAE Standard Standing Project Committee (SSPC) 90.1, and is the model energy standard for all commercial buildings and multifamily residential buildings over three floors. PNNL analyzed the cost-effectiveness of changes in Standard 90.1-2016, compared to the previous 90.1-2013 edition, as applied in commercial buildings across the United States.
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Energy Storage and Solar PV for a Tribal Community: A Case Study for the Pueblo of Picuris, NM.
Abstract not provided.
Trevizan, Rodrigo↗
Gap Analysis of Supply Chain Cybersecurity for Distributed Energy Resources
A supply chain is the combination of the ecosystem of resources needed to design, manufacture, and distribute a product. In the context of supply chain cybersecurity, the resources that directly influence this ecosystem include software, data, and/or other digital components. Compromised equipment or software in the supply chain may lead to attacks such as financial loss; denial of service; a breach of confidential or proprietary information from a company, its customers, or its suppliers; ransomware that denies operation of automated equipment for payment; and malicious control actions that could damage equipment and endanger personnel. Currently 60.8% of US energy comes from fossil fuels, 18.9% comes from nuclear energy, and the last 20.1% comes from renewable sources. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission order FERC 2222 and Executive Order 14017 on America's Supply Chains are important milestones for safely expanding generation from renewable energy and achieving the goal of a decarbonized U.S. energy sector by 2035. This report analyzes gaps and opportunities in the supply chain currently available to the renewable energy sector, to help stakeholders formulate a coordinated response.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Analysis of a Hybrid Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) & Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES) System and Safety Approaches
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Armijo, Kenneth Miguel↗
Selection of Global Climate Model Data for Downscaling With Generative Machine Learning and Use in the Power Planning for Alignment of Climate and Energy Systems Project
The range of results from climate models and scenarios is important to the understanding of uncertainty in power planning analysis. A U.S. Department of Energy-funded analytic project called Power Planning for Alignment of Climate and Energy Systems is developing data and analytic methods to reflect the effects of climate change on key variables for power system planning, as part of the Grid Modernization Lab Consortium. This project will select and prepare global climate model results for use in power system planning models. A related report (Evaluation of Global Climate Models for Use in Energy Analysis) assesses the performance of various global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 data archive for their historical skill with respect to energy system performance and for their future projections under multiple climate change scenarios. Building from that report, we describe the selection of a climate scenario (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway [SSP] 2-4.5) and five climate models: TaiESM1, EC-Earth3-CC, GFDL-CM4, EC-Earth3-Veg, and MPI-ESM1-2-HR. We describe the model selection criteria, which were based on the quality of the match between model results under historical conditions and on the representation of the range of future values for several variables. These results will be downscaled via an open-source generative machine learning method called Super-Resolution for Renewable Energy Resource Data with Climate Change Impacts.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Resilience in an Evolving Electrical Grid
Fundamental shifts in the structure and generation profile of electrical grids are occurring amidst increased demand for resilience. These two simultaneous trends create the need for new planning and operational practices for modern grids that account for the compounding uncertainties inherent in both resilience assessment and increasing contribution of variable inverter-based renewable energy sources. This work reviews the research work addressing the changing generation profile, state-of-the-art practices to address resilience, and research works at the intersection of these two topics in regards to electrical grids. The contribution of this work is to highlight the ongoing research in power system resilience and integration of variable inverter-based renewable energy sources in electrical grids, and to identify areas of current and further study at this intersection. Areas of research identified at this intersection include cyber-physical analysis of solar, wind, and distributed energy resources, microgrids, network evolution and observability, substation automation and self-healing, and probabilistic planning and operation methods.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Photometry as a Proxy for Stellar Activity in Radial Velocity Analyses
Stellar activity remains a limiting factor in measuring precise planet parameters from radial velocity spectroscopy, not least in the search for Earth-mass planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars. One approach to mitigate stellar activity is to use combined analyses of both radial velocity and time-series photometry. We present an analysis of simultaneous disk-integrated photometry and radial velocity data of the Sun in order to determine the useful limits of a combined analysis. We find that simple periodogram or autocorrelation analysis of solar photometry give the correct rotation period <50% of the time. We therefore use a Gaussian process to investigate the time variability of solar photometry and to directly compare simultaneous photometry with radial velocity data. We find that the hyperparameter posteriors are relatively stable over 70 yr of solar photometry and the amplitude tracks the solar cycle. We observe good agreement between the hyperparameter posteriors for the simultaneous photometry and radial velocity data. Our primary conclusion is a recommendation to include an additional prior in Gaussian process fits to constrain the evolutionary timescale to be greater than the recurrence timescale (i.e., the rotation period) to recover more physically plausible and useful results. Our results indicate that such simultaneous monitoring may be a useful tool in enhancing the precision of radial velocity surveys.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
CHARGED PARTICLE RADIATION DAMAGE IN SEMICONDUCTORS. II- MINORITY CARRIER DIFFUSION ANALYSIS IN PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES
Minority carrier diffusion analysis in solar cells
SEMICONDUCTOR↗