Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Sm”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Enhancing Operational Performance and Productivity Benefits in Breweries through Smart Manufacturing Technologies

This article uses case studies to demonstrate the potential of smart manufacturing (SM) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to enhance operational performance and productivity in industry. The analysis highlights benefits such as cost reduction, production flexibility, shorter product time-to-market, energy/water efficiency and environmental impact reduction, and increased productivity. To illustrate the effectiveness of SM and IoT approaches, the authors sought out manufacturers currently implementing or seeking to implement SM and IoT technologies. The authors identified beer brewing (NAICS Code 312120) as a rapidly expanding industry whose members appear eager to implement SM technologies to optimize production lines by revealing bottlenecks and identifying performance-reducing nodes. This article presents two case studies based on SM and IoT technologies in breweries. It briefly describes a systematic framework introduced elsewhere by the authors and uses it to assess the energy productivity and competitiveness of SM applications in breweries. This article addresses questions concerning the information and communications technology infrastructure needed to build smart breweries and how corporations simplify the installation and deployment of SM and IoT components. This article was originally published in the Proceedings of the 2019 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Effect of disorder on thermodynamic instability of binary Rare-earth – Nickel – Palladium compounds

In this work, we have investigated the thermodynamic stability of disordered rare-earth phases SmX 2 and Sm 10 X 21 (X=Ni, Pd) using machine-learning based analytical descriptor and first-principles density functional theory methods. The absence of Laves phase compounds in R-Pd binary systems is a longstanding problem of rare earth science: even though Ni and Pd belong to the same group of the periodic table and have similar electronic structure, the Pd compound crystallizes in a monoclinic (C2/m) phase with 10:21 stoichiometry, i.e., Sm 10 Pd 21 , while the Ni compound adopts a cubic Laves phase (MgCu 2 ) structure. To understand this contrasting phase stability, we performed thermodynamic convex hull analysis of Sm x Ni 1-x and Sm x Pd 1-x binary systems, which is experimentally validated using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analyzes of polycrystalline Sm(Ni x Pd 1-x ) 2 samples with x=0, 0.5, and 1. A detailed electronic-structure (band-structure, charge density, and Fermi-surface) analysis of the differences between SmNi 2 /SmPd 2 and Sm 10 Ni 21 /Sm 10 Pd 21 compounds provides the quantum mechanical origin of the unfavorable mixing of Pd with Ni in cubic Laves phase. We show that the stability of Sm-Pd in 10:21 stoichiometry arises from improved intra-/inter-layer 5d-4d bonding compared to the 1:2 stoichiometry. Our work emphasizes the importance of ab-initio methods and computationally inexpensive analytical descriptors for the detailed analysis of thermodynamic and electronic properties of hard-to-prepare rare-earth compounds.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

From oversimplified to overlooked: The case for exploring rich dark sectors

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics provides a very successful description of fundamental particles and their interactions but it is incomplete, as neutrino masses, dark matter and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe indicate. In addition, the origin of masses and of the approximate fundamental symmetries call out for deeper explanations. The quest for a New SM Theory, that extends the SM to a more general theory, is ongoing. For decades the main focus has been on the TeV scale, but despite an impressive theoretical and experimental effort, no hints of new physics at such scale has been found in experiments. Dark sectors provide an interesting alternative to TeV scale extensions of the SM to explain the open questions in particle and astroparticle physics. Going beyond minimal models, rich dark sectors extend the SM to a complex theory with multiple particles and interactions, in analogy to the SM itself. They have a wealth of theoretical and astrophysical/cosmological consequences and can lead to phenomenological signatures that can be markedly different to that of minimal ones. These include short-lived particles and semi-visible decay signatures, as opposed to minimal models where new states are typically long-lived and purely visible or invisible resonances. Given the experimental configurations and analysis strategies, current dark sector searches might miss such signatures. We advocate a dedicated programme of searches for rich dark sectors that overcomes the assumptions on minimality and on the long lifetime of particles and encompasses a broader range of possibilities. Here, we discuss a prototype model that includes a complex structure akin to the SM: multiple generations of fermions charged under a new spontaneously-broken gauge symmetry.

Dark matter↗
DOE OSTI2024

Soil Moisture‐Cloud‐Precipitation Feedback in the Lower Atmosphere From Functional Decomposition of Satellite Observations

Abstract The feedback of topsoil moisture (SM) content on convective clouds and precipitation is not well understood and represented in the current generation of weather and climate models. Here, we use functional decomposition of satellite‐derived SM and cloud vertical profiles (CVP) to quantify the relationship between SM and the vertical distribution of cloud water in the central US. High‐dimensional model representation is used to disentangle the contributions of SM and other land‐surface and atmospheric variables to the CVP. Results show that the sign and strength of the SM‐cloud‐precipitation feedback varies with cloud height and time lag and displays a large spatial variability. Positive anomalies in antecedent 7‐hr SM and land‐surface temperature enhance cloud reflectivity up to 4 dBZ in the lower atmosphere about 1–3 km above the surface. Our approach presents new insights into the SM‐cloud‐precipitation feedback and aids in the diagnosis of land‐atmosphere interactions simulated by weather and climate models.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

A unified ensemble soil moisture dataset across the continental United States

Abstract A unified ensemble soil moisture (SM) package has been developed over the Continental United States (CONUS). The data package includes 19 products from land surface models, remote sensing, reanalysis, and machine learning models. All datasets are unified to a 0.25-degree and monthly spatiotemporal resolution, providing a comprehensive view of surface SM dynamics. The statistical analysis of the datasets leverages the Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification to explore surface SM’s spatiotemporal variabilities. The extracted SM characteristics highlight distinct patterns, with the western CONUS showing larger coefficient of variation values and the eastern CONUS exhibiting higher SM values. Remote sensing datasets tend to be drier, while reanalysis products present wetter conditions. In-situ SM observations serve as the basis for wavelet power spectrum analyses to explain discrepancies in temporal scales across datasets facilitating daily SM records. This study provides a comprehensive soil moisture data package and an analysis framework that can be used for Earth system model evaluations and uncertainty quantification, quantifying drought impacts and land–atmosphere interactions and making recommendations for drought response planning.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Probing New Physics with Tau Leptons using the CMS Detector

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is a thoroughly well-tested theory of all electroweak scale phenomena to date—the most recent test being the discovery of the long-predicted Higgs boson. However, there is much evidence to suggest that it is incomplete. On the formal side, the mass of the Higgs particle itself is perplexingly small, while the largest theoretical energy scale of the SM is 17 orders of magnitude larger, a puzzle known as the hierarchy problem. On the experimental side, among other things, the SM lacks a candidate for dark matter, which is now known to play an indispensable role in astrophysical large scale structure formation. Many theories that address the fundamental puzzles of the SM predict the existence of multiple Higgs bosons, including a very light boson that couples preferentially to third-generation fermions. Observation of this new light boson, either directly produced or in the decay of the recently discovered SM Higgs, would provide an unmistakable sign of new dynamics in nature. The research supported by this award used data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to explore boosted di-tau signatures of a new light boson as a tool in the quest to understand the shortcomings of the SM. With a proton-proton collision energy of 13 trillion electron-volts (TeV) and peak instantaneous proton luminosity of over 10^34 collisions per square centimeter per second (cm –2 s –1 ), the LHC is the only facility in the world that could enable this line of research. The research sought to address the hierarchy problem and other shortcomings of the SM through a mixture of LHC data analysis, maintenance of the CMS detector to ensure high quality data, and contributions to the Phase 2 upgrade detector for the upcoming High Luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Different feeding patterns affect meat quality of Tibetan pigs associated with intestinal microbiota alterations

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different feeding patterns on meat quality, gut microbiota and its metabolites of Tibetan pigs. Tibetan pigs with similar body weight were fed the high energy diets ( HEP , 20 pigs) and the regular diets ( RFP , 20 pigs), and free-ranging Tibetan pigs ( FRP , 20 pigs) were selected as the reference. After 6 weeks of experiment, meat quality indexes of semitendinosus muscle ( SM ) and cecal microbiota were measured. The results of meat quality demonstrated that the shear force of pig SM in FRP group was higher than that in HEP and RFP groups ( p < 0.001); the pH-value of SM in HEP pigs was higher at 45 min ( p < 0.05) and lower at 24 h ( p < 0.01) after slaughter than that in FRP and RFP groups; the SM lightness ( L* value) of FRP pigs increased compared with RFP and HEP groups ( p < 0.001), while the SM redness ( a* value) of FRP pigs was higher than that of RFP group ( p < 0.05). The free fatty acid ( FA ) profile exhibited that the total FAs and unsaturated FAs of pig SM in HEP and RFP groups were higher than those in FRP group ( p < 0.05); the RFP pigs had more reasonable FA composition with higher n-3 polyunsaturated FAs ( PUFAs ) and lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio than HEP pigs ( p < 0.05). Based on that, we observed that Tibetan pigs fed high energy diets (HEP) had lower microbial α-diversity in cecum ( p < 0.05), and distinct feeding patterns exhibited a different microbial cluster. Simultaneously, the short-chain FA levels in cecum of FRP and RFP pigs were higher compared with HEP pigs ( p < 0.05). A total of 11 genera related to muscle lipid metabolism or meat quality, including Alistipes , Anaerovibrio , Acetitomaculun , etc., were identified under different feeding patterns ( p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that alterations of free FAs in SM were affected by the genera Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group , Prevotellaceae UCG-003 and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group ( p < 0.05). Taken together, distinct feeding patterns affected meat quality of Tibetan pigs related to gut microbiota alterations.

Zhu, Yanbin↗
DOE OSTI2022

Dark radiation constraints on portal interactions with hidden sectors

Here, we update dark radiation constraints on millicharged particle (MCP) and gauged baryon-number-minus-lepton-number (B-L) extensions of the Standard Model (SM). In these models, a massive SM gauge singlet mediator couples the SM plasma to additional SM-singlet light degrees of freedom. In the early Universe, these new light particles are populated via the interaction of the SM with the MCP, or the new B-L gauge boson, and act as dark radiation. The presence of dark radiation in the early Universe is tightly constrained by current and upcoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements. We update bounds on MCPs from current measurements of N eff and show that future CMB experiments will be able to rule out or discover the extended MCP model invoked to explain the EDGES anomaly. Our analysis of the gauged B-L model goes beyond previous studies by including quantum-statistical and out-of-equilibrium effects. Further, we account for the finite lifetime of the B-L gauge boson, which boosts the subsequent right-handed neutrino energy density. We also develop a number of approximations and techniques for simplifying and solving the relevant Boltzmann equations. We use our approximations to develop a lower bound on the radiation density in a generic hidden sector with a light relic that is insensitive to the details of the hidden sector, provided the mediator interacts more strongly with the hidden sector than with the SM.

cosmological neutrinos↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sm3Al by Materials Project

Sm3Al is Uranium Silicide structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm is bonded to eight equivalent Sm and four equivalent Al atoms to form distorted SmSm8Al4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent SmSm8Al4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent AlSm12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent SmSm8Al4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent AlSm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen equivalent SmSm8Al4 cuboctahedra. All Sm–Sm bond lengths are 3.43 Å. All Sm–Al bond lengths are 3.43 Å. Al is bonded to twelve equivalent Sm atoms to form AlSm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent AlSm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four equivalent SmSm8Al4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent AlSm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent SmSm8Al4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sm2(Zn2Ge)3 by Materials Project

Sm2(Zn2Ge)3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to nine Zn and six equivalent Ge atoms. There are three shorter (3.24 Å) and six longer (3.42 Å) Sm–Zn bond lengths. All Sm–Ge bond lengths are 3.13 Å. There are two inequivalent Zn sites. In the first Zn site, Zn is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Sm and three equivalent Ge atoms. There are one shorter (2.51 Å) and two longer (2.65 Å) Zn–Ge bond lengths. In the second Zn site, Zn is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two equivalent Sm and two equivalent Ge atoms. Both Zn–Ge bond lengths are 2.53 Å. Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Sm and five Zn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SmCoSi2 by Materials Project

SmCoSi2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Co and ten Si atoms. All Sm–Co bond lengths are 3.13 Å. There are a spread of Sm–Si bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.19 Å. Co is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Sm and five Si atoms. There are a spread of Co–Si bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.34 Å. There are two inequivalent Si sites. In the first Si site, Si is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Sm and four equivalent Co atoms. In the second Si site, Si is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sm, one Co, and two equivalent Si atoms. Both Si–Si bond lengths are 2.46 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sm2Fe17 by Materials Project

Sm2Fe17 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to nineteen Fe atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.28 Å. There are four inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded to two equivalent Sm and ten Fe atoms to form FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with fourteen FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.44–2.61 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sm and ten Fe atoms. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.76 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded to three equivalent Sm and nine Fe atoms to form a mixture of corner, edge, and face-sharing FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (2.49 Å) and one longer (2.65 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Sm and thirteen Fe atoms. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.40 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sm3NbS3O4 by Materials Project

Sm3NbO4S3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pna2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Sm3+ sites. In the first Sm3+ site, Sm3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five S2- and four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sm–S bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.09 Å. There are a spread of Sm–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.95 Å. In the second Sm3+ site, Sm3+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to five S2- and three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sm–S bond distances ranging from 2.89–2.96 Å. There are a spread of Sm–O bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.49 Å. In the third Sm3+ site, Sm3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four S2- and four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sm–S bond distances ranging from 2.79–3.12 Å. There are a spread of Sm–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.47 Å. Nb5+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two S2- and four O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.60 Å) and one longer (2.68 Å) Nb–S bond lengths. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.11 Å. There are three inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to six Sm3+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Sm3+ and one Nb5+ atom. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Sm3+ and one Nb5+ atom. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Sm3+ and one Nb5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Sm3+ and one Nb5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Sm3+ and one Nb5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to three Sm3+ and one Nb5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sm3Ga by Materials Project

Sm3Ga is Uranium Silicide structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm is bonded to eight equivalent Sm and four equivalent Ga atoms to form distorted SmSm8Ga4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent SmSm8Ga4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent GaSm12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent SmSm8Ga4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent GaSm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen equivalent SmSm8Ga4 cuboctahedra. All Sm–Sm bond lengths are 3.40 Å. All Sm–Ga bond lengths are 3.40 Å. Ga is bonded to twelve equivalent Sm atoms to form GaSm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent GaSm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four equivalent SmSm8Ga4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent GaSm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent SmSm8Ga4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SmInRh by Materials Project

SmRhIn crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to five Rh and six equivalent In atoms. There are four shorter (3.05 Å) and one longer (3.11 Å) Sm–Rh bond lengths. There are two shorter (3.26 Å) and four longer (3.38 Å) Sm–In bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Rh sites. In the first Rh site, Rh is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sm and three equivalent In atoms. All Rh–In bond lengths are 2.88 Å. In the second Rh site, Rh is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sm and six equivalent In atoms. All Rh–In bond lengths are 2.78 Å. In is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sm and four Rh atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SmSnPt by Materials Project

SmPtSn crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to five Pt and six equivalent Sn atoms. There are four shorter (3.09 Å) and one longer (3.10 Å) Sm–Pt bond lengths. There are two shorter (3.28 Å) and four longer (3.40 Å) Sm–Sn bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Pt sites. In the first Pt site, Pt is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sm and three equivalent Sn atoms. All Pt–Sn bond lengths are 2.87 Å. In the second Pt site, Pt is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sm and six equivalent Sn atoms. All Pt–Sn bond lengths are 2.83 Å. Sn is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sm and four Pt atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sm3In by Materials Project

Sm3In is Uranium Silicide structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm is bonded to eight equivalent Sm and four equivalent In atoms to form distorted SmSm8In4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent SmSm8In4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent InSm12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent SmSm8In4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent InSm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen equivalent SmSm8In4 cuboctahedra. All Sm–Sm bond lengths are 3.49 Å. All Sm–In bond lengths are 3.49 Å. In is bonded to twelve equivalent Sm atoms to form InSm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent InSm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four equivalent SmSm8In4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent InSm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent SmSm8In4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SmInIr by Materials Project

SmIrIn crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to five Ir and six equivalent In atoms. There are four shorter (3.06 Å) and one longer (3.09 Å) Sm–Ir bond lengths. There are two shorter (3.27 Å) and four longer (3.38 Å) Sm–In bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ir sites. In the first Ir site, Ir is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sm and six equivalent In atoms. All Ir–In bond lengths are 2.79 Å. In the second Ir site, Ir is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sm and three equivalent In atoms. All Ir–In bond lengths are 2.88 Å. In is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sm and four Ir atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗