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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2019

DOE/UCAR Cooperative Agreement for the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program

This progress report describes research supported by Cooperative Agreement between the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Biological and Environmental Research (BER). The purpose of the Cooperative Agreement is to provide support for an integrated research program to address key science questions relevant to the DOE Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program as part of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). The Cooperative Agreement funds four tasks that address key aspects of climate science, and this report provides a summary of activities for each task during the past year. As part of the Cooperative Agreement supported science, the Climate Change Prediction (CCP) group at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), provides leadership to the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Climate Variability and Change Working Group (CVCWG) through co-chairs Gerald Meehl and Susan Bates (with DOE-funded co-chair Peter Gleckler, along with Clara Deser and Shang-Ping Xie). Over the past year CCP has played a leadership role in performing climate change simulations and analyses with the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) and CESM version 1. These simulations and analyses made strong contributions to the federal USGCRP in several high priority areas. We have also been involved in planning for the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) which started in 2015. Simulations from CMIP6 will form the basis for ongoing U.S. National Assessment activities, and the IPCC AR6.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

2018 Annual Report Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program Activities Report

Each year, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is required to provide a program description and overview of its Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (LDRD) to the Department of Energy (DOE) in accordance with DOE Order 413.2C Chg1 (MinChg). This report provides a detailed look at the scientific and technical activities for each of the LDRD projects funded by BNL in FY 2018, as required. In FY 2018, the BNL LDRD Program funded 57 projects, 27 of which were new starts, at a total cost of $11.2M.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Ecological Monitoring and Compliance Program (2018 Report)

The Ecological Monitoring and Compliance Program (EMAC), funded through the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office, monitors the ecosystem of the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) and ensures compliance with laws and regulations pertaining to NNSS biota. This report summarizes the program’s activities conducted by Mission Support and Test Services, LLC, during calendar year 2018. Program activities included (a) biological surveys at proposed activity sites, (b) desert tortoise compliance, (c) ecosystem monitoring, (d) sensitive plant species monitoring, (e) sensitive and protected/regulated animal monitoring, and (f) habitat restoration monitoring. During 2018, most applicable laws, regulations, and permit requirements were met, enabling EMAC to achieve its intended goals and objectives.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Time-Sensitive Value of Efficiency: Use Cases in Electricity Sector Planning and Programs

Most energy efficiency measures produce energy savings that vary over the course of a year. The value of the hourly electricity savings also varies over the course of a year because the cost of generating, transmitting and distributing electricity during peak demand periods may be significantly higher than during off-peak, or lower load, hours. But many planning and program activities across the United States are missing this important element. A variety of trends are changing the electricity system, including increased adoption of other distributed energy resources, electrification of buildings and vehicles, and relative costs for natural gas-fired and renewable energy generation. Knowing when energy efficiency occurs and the value of the energy or demand savings to the electricity system—the time-sensitive value of efficiency—provides public utility commissions, utilities and other decision makers with key information needed to procure the optimal amount of energy efficiency for their system. The report begins with a discussion of our approach to determining use cases and examples, and then examines the need for time-sensitive efficiency data. Next, it examines five use cases in which states, independent system operators/regional transmission operators (ISOs/RTOs), utilities, and efficiency program administrators consider the TSV-EE: (1) energy efficiency program planning and evaluation, (2) distribution system planning, (3) electricity resource planning (4) electricity rate design, and (5) state and local government activities. The report concludes with areas for future research on the time-sensitive value of efficiency.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

2019 LLNL Nuclear Science and Security Summer Internship Program

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Nuclear Science and Security Summer Internship Program (NS 3 IP) is designed to give graduate students an opportunity to come to LLNL for 8-10 weeks of hands-on research. Students conduct research under the supervision of a staff scientist, attend a weekly lecture series, interact with other students, and present their work in poster format at the end of the program. Students also have the opportunity to meet staff scientists one-on-one, participate in LLNL facility tours (e.g., the National Ignition Facility and Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry), and gain a better understanding of the various science programs at LLNL.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Building Tune-Up Accelerator Program (Final Technical Report)

In 2016, the City of Seattle passed a mandatory Building Tune-Up requirement for all commercial buildings 50,000 square feet (SF) and larger as part of its Climate Action strategy. The requirement is phased in by size with large buildings (greater than 200,000 SF) required first. This allowed Seattle’s Office of Sustainability & Environment (OSE) to offer the Building Tune-Up Accelerator (TUA) Program to the “mid-size” building market (less than 100,000 SF) to meet the requirements early. With funding from the US DOE, a package of technical and financial support was developed for building owners and energy service providers to encourage this hard-to-reach market to participate in the tune-up—and even go beyond requirements for greater energy savings. Seattle City Light, the municipal electric utility, offered participants a simple per square foot financial incentive. Partners at the University of Washington Integrated Design Lab, Smart Buildings Center and Pacific Northwest National Lab (PNNL) offered service provider trainings, analytical tools and technical support. This final technical report summarizes the program, projected energy and emissions savings and lessons learned from program development to implementation to final evaluation for the 102 buildings that participated.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

LANL Meteorological Program Self-Assessment 2020 Update

The DOE Meteorological Coordinating Council (DMCC) conducted an initial Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) meteorological program Assist Visit in August 2006 and several observations and recommendations were shared with LANL management (DMCC 2006). In August 2015, a follow-up meteorological program Assist Visit was conducted to determine progress in meeting all the observations and recommendations from the prior Assist Visit (DMCC 2015). During the 9 years between these two Assist Visits, DMCC noted that significant program improvements were made, and these were noted in the 2015 Assist Visit observations and recommendations

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Utility Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Programs

This issue brief provides an overview of energy efficiency portfolios offered by electric and gas utilities that include CHP incentive programs, with examples of program drivers, structures, and eligibility criteria. The document discusses best practices for designing and administering a utility CHP incentive program, including cost-effectiveness tests and market outreach strategies.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

FY19 Report for Instrumentation Development for the Transient Testing Program

This report details the technical activities and accomplishment carried out under funding from the Department of Energy (DOE) Nuclear Technology Research and Development (NTRD) program for in-pile instrumentation supporting the transient testing program in FY19. These activities were performed in support of cross-cutting transient testing experiment objectives. The purpose of this report is to provide a summary of key technical work, of particular interest to nuclear irradiation test experimenters and in-pile instrumentation engineers. During FY19, development activities are focused on deployment of devices to perform online measurement of neutron flux, temperature, and mechanical behaviors in nuclear fuels experiments. Specifically, these R&D activities include in-pile investigations at the Transient Reactor Test (TREAT) facility throughout the year. Other in-pile instrumentation R&D activities are being carried out under other DOE programs, which may be recognized but not the focus of this document. A brief summary of activities and accomplishments is first provided for each major activity. More detailed summaries are presented in appendices.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Ecological Monitoring and Compliance Program 2019 Report

The Ecological Monitoring and Compliance Program (EMAC), funded through the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO), monitors the ecosystem of the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) and ensures compliance with laws and regulations pertaining to NNSS biota. This report summarizes the program’s activities conducted by Mission Support and Test Services, LLC (MSTS), during calendar year 2019. Program activities included (a) biological surveys at proposed activity sites, (b) desert tortoise compliance, (c) ecosystem monitoring, (d) sensitive and protected/regulated plant monitoring, (e) sensitive and protected/regulated animal monitoring, and (f) habitat restoration monitoring. During 2019, all applicable laws, regulations, and permit requirements were met, enabling EMAC to achieve its intended goals and objectives.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

FY20 Report for Instrumentation Development for the Transient Testing Program

This yearly report provides a summary of accomplishments carried out under funding from the Department of Energy (DOE) Nuclear Technology Research and Development (NTRD) program for in-pile instrumentation supporting the transient testing program in FY20. These activities were performed in support of cross-cutting transient testing experiment objective. In this year, specific instrument R&D has been a lesser priority to years past, with complementary instrumentation R&D being ramped up under the DOE Advanced Sensors and Instrumentation Program. The primary focus of the work in FY20 pertain to defining a process and system, developed over the past several years, for developing, qualifying, and deploying instrumentation in in-pile experiments. The purpose of this report is to provide a summary of these outcomes and be a reference for researchers that are interested in developing in-pile instrumentation, with a particular emphasis on the Transient Reactor Test (TREAT) facility for deployment.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Voluntary Renewable Energy Procurement Programs in Regulated Utility Markets

Multinational corporations are increasingly purchasing renewable energy (RE) to fulfill international commitments, reduce supply chain emissions, limit environmental impact, and secure stable and affordable electricity. The potential scale of global corporate RE purchasing has been estimated to be nearly 100 GW and growing; however, many markets still lack supportive enabling environments for corporations to access RE through on-site project development or private sector transactions. Even where allowed by law, on-site generation may be insufficient due to space and technical constraints, introducing additional challenges. Utility green pricing and utility green tariff programs backed by renewable energy certificates (RECs), referred to as utility green procurement programs (GPPs) in this report, offer powerful market-based solutions to utilities, regulators, and policymakers to provide corporate and other consumers with RE product options while generating revenue to support RE development. As RE markets expand around the globe, GPPs have proven to be effective mechanisms in market regimes, ranging from fully integrated state-owned utilities to broadly liberalized power markets. GPPs utilize RECs, which are a type of energy attribute certificate and closely resemble guarantees of origin, to track and ultimately monetize RE attributes that corporations and other buyers must procure to demonstrate progress against their RE commitments and make public claims of RE use. Time-tested and transparent REC accounting mechanisms provide market confidence, while at the same time offering flexibility to utilities, regulators, and customers for a range of applications. RECs are used in all types of electricity market structures, as indicated in Figure 1, but REC-based program designs and supporting components differ depending on the type of market. Liberalized markets allow for customers to contract directly with generators for electricity and RECs, while traditionally regulated markets with vertically integrated utility structures may have greater restrictions on generation asset ownership and electricity sales. RE markets can be further defined as being either mandatory or voluntary. Mandatory markets require suppliers to deliver specified amounts of RE to grid customers, such as under a renewable portfolio standard (RPS), while voluntary markets involve no legal mandates, but demand is driven by self-imposed customer goals.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

2021 Stewardship Science Academic Programs Annual

I am a staff scientist at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). I work on multiple fundamental-science projects and lead modeling/data-analysis for the stellar opacity experiments. I also work with theorists to refine plasma material-property calculations to make NNSA simulations more predictable. These are challenging and important problems for national security. In fact, our experiments raised questions about “opacity”, the property of matter that controls energy transport inside stars. This work was published by Nature due to its serious implication over broad applications, and our team received NNSA Defense Program Award of Excellence, both in 2015. Work at SNL is collegial and full of learning through interactions with the world’s finest experimentalists and theorists. When I started my Ph.D. program, working at a national lab was a dream position. Today, I collaborate with top scientists to solve mission-critical problems. The Stewardship Science Academic Programs (SSAP) and National Laser Users’ Facility (NLUF) played a vital role in the efficient learning and seamless transition to SNL.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Cold Testing for Characterization of Oxide Feed Impurities in Support of the ARIES Program

The Advanced Recovery and Integrated Extraction System (ARIES) Program converts surplus plutonium metal components into an oxide powder form and packages the material for final disposition. In support of the ARIES program, over a metric ton (MT) of plutonium has been removed from surplus nuclear weapons since 1998 and packaged for long-term storage in 3013 cans. The oxide production rate is anticipated to increase substantially over the next decade in support of dilute and dispose goals. Analytical chemistry data from destructive analysis of the resulting 70+ blend lots to date has been reported for contaminants in the product oxide. Changes in the Pu product specification for Pu oxide product, induced by a different pit mix, the LANL swap program and processing Alternate (non-Pit Pu) Feed Stock (AFS) metals, will affect the level and the mix of these contaminants in the upcoming years. With these changes in feed material, it will be important to provide fast and efficient measurement of elemental impurities in the oxide to be certain that the process is under control and to monitor the anticipated changes from the historical blend lot data. Non-destructive methods need to be evaluated for the characterization of the plutonium oxide product and the quantification of the impurities at the current and anticipated levels. A feasibility study has begun to investigate the applicability of new spectroscopic methods for oxide impurity characterization. To this end, here we describe the preparation of surrogate materials to support these investigations, and the results of a feasibility study investigating the use of LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) to characterize the surrogate materials as calibration standards.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Approximating Joint Chance Constraints in Two-Stage Stochastic Programs

We present various approximations to joint chance constraints arising in two-stage stochastic programming models. Our approximations are derived from three classical inequalities: Markov's inequality, Chebysev's inequality, and Chernoff's bound. We provide preliminary computational results illustrating the quality of our approximation using a two-stage joint-chance-constrained stochastic program from the literature. We also briefly introduce other alternatives for constructing approximations for joint-chance-constrained two-stage programs.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Learning Management System User Requirements for the National Nuclear Security Administration's International Nuclear Safeguards Engagement Program

The National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) International Nuclear Safeguards Engagement Program (INSEP) is considering investing in new tools that would allow the program to support its partner states from a distance. At the same time, the program is considering approaches that would allow several organizations, including NNSA, IAEA, national laboratories and contractor staff, to collaborate in the development and maintenance of instructional content. Software systems known as Learning Management Systems (LMSs) might represent a mechanism through which INSEP could accomplish these goals (collaborative development and remote support). To assess the usefulness of an LMS, INSEP has specified its needs for delivering online training and compared those needs to the capability of a range of LMSs. This comparison will allow INSEP to determine whether an LMS would be a useful tool and may set the stage for a "make-buy" decision in the future. The study team concluded that INSEP's content development and delivery needs align well with the capabilities of the leading LMSs on the market today and that that INSEP performance requirements allow for a customized approach using existing training portals that are already available to NNSA. Additional work would be required to specify the desired processes for developing online training and outreach materials, structuring the databases, specifying the data that should be collected, and detailing the desired system reports and documentation.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Distributed Wind Research Program Workshop Report

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Wind Energy Technologies Office (WETO) Distributed Wind Research Program seeks to enable wind technology as an affordable, accessible, and compatible distributed energy resource (DER) option for individuals, businesses, and communities. WETO’s Distributed Wind Research Program includes national laboratory projects and partnerships with industry and academia. WETO organized the Distributed Wind Research Program Workshop to bring together laboratory and industry project stakeholders to achieve the following objectives: Educate - Create a shared high-level understanding for the breadth of WETO’s distributed wind research Collaborate - Facilitate coordination and collaboration between funding recipients to leverage resources Innovate - Understand future research challenges and opportunities. This workshop convened over 80 participants from various organizations. Workshop participants were asked for their individual feedback based on their own expertise and experience.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Dosimeter Area Monitoring Program (DAMP) Technical Basis Document

This document provides a technical basis for establishing a Dosimetry-based Area Monitoring Program (DAMP) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). A DAMP is part of a comprehensive routine monitoring program and provides information about radiation levels inside and outside of Radiologically-Controlled Areas (RCAs). The routine, hand-held radiation survey program driven by the Health Physics Discipline Action Plan (HP-DAP) helps to ensure radiological conditions within RCAs are well-characterized and routinely monitored; however, such surveys are a snapshot in time, whereas area monitoring dosimeters (AMDs) continuously monitor radiation doses in the areas where they are installed. Together, data from the hand-held radiation surveys and the DAMP provides a comprehensive picture of radiation environment at LLNL. A DAMP helps to verify the effectiveness of established engineered and administrative controls while documenting that radiation doses in RCAs are below that which requires individual monitoring. This document establishes the basis for determining which model of dosimeter to use, the exchange frequency, the occupancy factor, monitoring locations, and a method for evaluating AMD results.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗