Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Pr”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38

Materials Data on Tb2Pr2O5 by Materials Project

Tb2Pr2O5 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Tb is bonded to five O atoms to form TbO5 square pyramids that share corners with five equivalent TbO5 square pyramids and faces with four equivalent PrO12 cuboctahedra. There are one shorter (2.12 Å) and four longer (2.20 Å) Tb–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Pr sites. In the first Pr site, Pr is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent O atoms. All Pr–O bond lengths are 2.90 Å. In the second Pr site, Pr is bonded to twelve O atoms to form PrO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent PrO12 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent PrO12 cuboctahedra, and faces with eight equivalent TbO5 square pyramids. There are eight shorter (3.01 Å) and four longer (3.11 Å) Pr–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded to two equivalent Tb and four Pr atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing OTb2Pr4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–65°. In the second O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Tb and four equivalent Pr atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Adaptations for gas exchange enabled the elongation of lepidopteran proboscises

The extensive biodiversification of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) is partly attributed to their unique mouthparts (proboscis [Pr]) that can span in length from less than 1 mm to over 280mm in Darwin's sphinx moths. Lepi-doptera, similar to other insects, are believed to inhale and exhale respiratory gases only through valve-like spi-racles on their thorax and abdomen, making gas exchange through the narrow tracheae (Tr) challenging for the elongated Pr. How Lepidoptera overcome distance effects for gas transport to the Pr is an open question that is important to understanding how the Pr elongated over evolutionary time. Here, we show with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray imaging that distance effects on gas exchange are overcome by previously unreported micropores on the Pr surface and by superhydrophobic Tr that prevent water loss and entry. We find that the density of micropores decreases monotonically along the Pr length with the maxima proportional to the Pr length and that micropore diameters produce a Knudsen number at the boundary between the slip and transition flow regimes. By numerical estimation, we further show that the respiratory gas exchange for the Pr predominantly occurs via diffusion through the micropores. In conclusion, these adaptations are key innovations vital to Pr elongation, which likely facilitated lepidopteran biodiversification and the radiation of angiosperms by coevolutionary processes.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

The Development of the Pooled Rideshare Acceptance Model (PRAM)

Due to the advancements in real-time information communication technologies and sharing economies, rideshare services have gained significant momentum by offering dynamic and/or on-demand services. Rideshare service companies evolved from personal rideshare, where riders traveled solo or with known individuals, into pooled rideshare (PR), where riders can travel with one to multiple unknown riders. Similar to other shared economy services, pooled rideshare is beneficial as it efficiently utilizes resources, resulting in reduced energy usage, as well as reduced costs for the riders. However, previous research has demonstrated that riders have concerns about using pooled rideshare, especially regarding personal safety. A U.S. national survey with 5385 participants was used to understand human factor-related barriers and user preferences to develop a novel Pooled Rideshare Acceptance Model (PRAM). This model used a covariance-based structural equation model (CB-SEM) to identify the relationships between willingness to consider PR factors (time/cost, privacy, safety, service experience, and traffic/environment) and optimizing one’s experience of PR factors (vehicle technology/accessibility, convenience, comfort/ease of use, and passenger safety), resulting in the higher-order factor trust service. We examined the factors’ relative contribution to one’s willingness/attitude towards PR and user acceptance of PR. Privacy, safety, trust service, and convenience were statistically significant factors in the model, as were the comfort/ease of use factor and the service experience, traffic/environment, and passenger safety factors. The only two non-significant factors in the model were time/cost and vehicle technology/accessibility; it is only when a rider feels safe that individuals then consider the additional non-significant variables of time, cost, technology, and accessibility. Privacy, safety, and service experience were factors that discouraged the use of PR, whereas the convenience factor greatly encouraged the acceptance of PR. Despite the time/cost factor’s lack of significance, individual items related to time and cost were crucial when viewed within the context of convenience. This highlights that while user perceptions of privacy and safety are paramount to their attitude towards PR, once safety concerns are addressed, and services are deemed convenient, time and cost elements significantly enhance their trust in pooled rideshare services. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of user acceptance of PR services and offers actionable insights for policymakers and rideshare companies to improve their services and increase user adoption.

dynamic rideshare system↗

Understanding and Modeling Pooled Rideshare Acceptance: Influential Factors, Preferred User Experiences, and Implications

This dissertation explores factors influencing pooled rideshare (PR) adoption to provide actionable insights for transportation network companies (TNCs) and policymakers. PR allows travelers to share rides with unknown passengers, offering benefits such as cost reduction and congestion relief. However, adoption remains limited due to safety concerns, privacy issues, and trust in rideshare platforms. A national U.S. survey with 5,385 respondents examined transportation preferences and barriers to PR adoption. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified five key factors influencing PR consideration—safety, service experience, privacy, traffic/environment, and time/cost. Second factor analyses examined ways to optimize PR experiences, revealing four factors—comfort/ease of use, convenience, vehicle technology/accessibility, and passenger safety. Privacy concerns, for instance, using regression analysis, were found to reduce the likelihood of PR adoption by 77%, and convenience had the potential to increase it by 156%. The Pooled Rideshare Acceptance Model (PRAM), based on the Technology Acceptance Model, assessed the impact of these factors using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). Privacy, safety, trust, and convenience had a large effect (Cohen's f2 > 0.35) on PR acceptance, while multigroup analyses (PRAMMA) explored 16 demographic variables such as gender, generation, and income, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies. Based on all the statistical analysis and workshops using descriptive statistics, 95 actionable recommendations were made from the riders' perspective. Findings highlight the importance of customized services, user experience improvements, and policy interventions to enhance PR adoption. This dissertation provides a roadmap for future research and policy development, ensuring evidence-based, practical strategies to improve PR services in the U.S. and beyond.

Gangadharaiah, Rakesh↗

Materials Data on PrB2Ir3 by Materials Project

PrIr3B2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pr is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Pr, twelve equivalent Ir, and six equivalent B atoms. Both Pr–Pr bond lengths are 3.18 Å. All Pr–Ir bond lengths are 3.19 Å. All Pr–B bond lengths are 3.20 Å. Ir is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Pr and four equivalent B atoms. All Ir–B bond lengths are 2.25 Å. B is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Pr and six equivalent Ir atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on PrPIr by Materials Project

PrIrP is hexagonal omega structure-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal I4_1md space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pr is bonded to six Ir and six equivalent P atoms to form a mixture of edge and face-sharing PrP6Ir6 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (3.10 Å) and four longer (3.19 Å) Pr–Ir bond lengths. There are four shorter (3.14 Å) and two longer (3.21 Å) Pr–P bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Ir sites. In the first Ir site, Ir is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Pr and three equivalent P atoms. There are two shorter (2.38 Å) and one longer (2.39 Å) Ir–P bond lengths. In the second Ir site, Ir is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Pr and three equivalent P atoms. There are two shorter (2.38 Å) and one longer (2.39 Å) Ir–P bond lengths. In the third Ir site, Ir is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Pr and three equivalent P atoms. There are two shorter (3.10 Å) and four longer (3.19 Å) Ir–Pr bond lengths. There are two shorter (2.38 Å) and one longer (2.39 Å) Ir–P bond lengths. P is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Pr and three Ir atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Pr5Ge3 by Materials Project

Pr5Ge3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Pr sites. In the first Pr site, Pr is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Ge atoms. There are a spread of Pr–Ge bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.65 Å. In the second Pr site, Pr is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Ge atoms. All Pr–Ge bond lengths are 3.23 Å. Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Pr atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Pr2Au by Materials Project

Pr2Au is Cotunnite structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Pr sites. In the first Pr site, Pr is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Au atoms. There are one shorter (3.08 Å) and two longer (3.25 Å) Pr–Au bond lengths. In the second Pr site, Pr is bonded to four equivalent Au atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing PrAu4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Pr–Au bond distances ranging from 3.03–3.20 Å. Au is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Pr atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on PrB2Rh3 by Materials Project

PrRh3B2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pr is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Pr, twelve equivalent Rh, and six equivalent B atoms. Both Pr–Pr bond lengths are 3.12 Å. All Pr–Rh bond lengths are 3.18 Å. All Pr–B bond lengths are 3.20 Å. Rh is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Pr and four equivalent B atoms. All Rh–B bond lengths are 2.23 Å. B is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Pr and six equivalent Rh atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Pr2Co3Ge5 by Materials Project

Pr2Co3Ge5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Ibam space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pr is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to seven Co and ten Ge atoms. There are a spread of Pr–Co bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.44 Å. There are a spread of Pr–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.29 Å. There are two inequivalent Co sites. In the first Co site, Co is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Pr and five Ge atoms. There are a spread of Co–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.44 Å. In the second Co site, Co is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pr and four equivalent Ge atoms. All Co–Ge bond lengths are 2.44 Å. There are three inequivalent Ge sites. In the first Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pr, two equivalent Co, and two equivalent Ge atoms. Both Ge–Ge bond lengths are 2.69 Å. In the second Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pr, three Co, and two equivalent Ge atoms. In the third Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pr and four equivalent Co atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Pr2SbO5F by Materials Project

Pr2SbO5F crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Pr3+ sites. In the first Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six O2- and two equivalent F1- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.53 Å. There are one shorter (2.46 Å) and one longer (2.72 Å) Pr–F bond lengths. In the second Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six O2- and two equivalent F1- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.53 Å. There are one shorter (2.47 Å) and one longer (2.64 Å) Pr–F bond lengths. In the third Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven O2- and two F1- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.78 Å. There are one shorter (2.47 Å) and one longer (2.74 Å) Pr–F bond lengths. In the fourth Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven O2- and two F1- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.69 Å. There are one shorter (2.46 Å) and one longer (2.76 Å) Pr–F bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Sb5+ sites. In the first Sb5+ site, Sb5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing SbO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.10 Å. In the second Sb5+ site, Sb5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing SbO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.10 Å. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Pr3+ and two Sb5+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Pr3+ and one Sb5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Pr3+ and one Sb5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Pr3+ and two Sb5+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Pr3+ and one Sb5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Pr3+ and one Sb5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Pr3+ and one Sb5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Pr3+ and one Sb5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Pr3+ and one Sb5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Pr3+ and one Sb5+ atom. There are two inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four Pr3+ atoms. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four Pr3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Pr4S3N2 by Materials Project

Pr4N2S3 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Pr3+ sites. In the first Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two N3- and four S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.35 Å) and one longer (2.39 Å) Pr–N bond lengths. There are a spread of Pr–S bond distances ranging from 2.88–2.94 Å. In the second Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two N3- and five S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.36 Å) and one longer (2.41 Å) Pr–N bond lengths. There are a spread of Pr–S bond distances ranging from 3.03–3.48 Å. In the third Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two N3- and four S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.37 Å) and one longer (2.39 Å) Pr–N bond lengths. There are a spread of Pr–S bond distances ranging from 2.92–2.97 Å. In the fourth Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two N3- and five S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.32 Å) and one longer (2.37 Å) Pr–N bond lengths. There are a spread of Pr–S bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.34 Å. There are two inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded to four Pr3+ atoms to form NPr4 tetrahedra that share corners with two SPr6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent NPr4 tetrahedra, edges with two SPr6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one NPr4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–50°. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded to four Pr3+ atoms to form NPr4 tetrahedra that share corners with two SPr6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent NPr4 tetrahedra, edges with two SPr6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one NPr4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 33–59°. There are four inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Pr3+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded to six Pr3+ atoms to form distorted SPr6 octahedra that share corners with four NPr4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent SPr6 octahedra, and edges with four NPr4 tetrahedra. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Pr3+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded to six Pr3+ atoms to form distorted SPr6 octahedra that share corners with four NPr4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent SPr6 octahedra, and edges with four NPr4 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on PrCu6 by Materials Project

PrCu6 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pr is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to nineteen Cu atoms. There are a spread of Pr–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.89–3.40 Å. There are six inequivalent Cu sites. In the first Cu site, Cu is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Pr and nine Cu atoms. There are a spread of Cu–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.45–3.06 Å. In the second Cu site, Cu is bonded to three equivalent Pr and nine Cu atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing CuPr3Cu9 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Cu–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.69 Å. In the third Cu site, Cu is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pr and ten Cu atoms. There are a spread of Cu–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.53–3.25 Å. In the fourth Cu site, Cu is bonded to three equivalent Pr and nine Cu atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing CuPr3Cu9 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Cu–Cu bond distances ranging from 2.45–2.62 Å. In the fifth Cu site, Cu is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Pr and nine Cu atoms. There are one shorter (2.56 Å) and one longer (3.22 Å) Cu–Cu bond lengths. In the sixth Cu site, Cu is bonded to three equivalent Pr and nine Cu atoms to form a mixture of corner, edge, and face-sharing CuPr3Cu9 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NaPr4I7N2 by Materials Project

NaPr4N2I7 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pna2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded in a distorted octahedral geometry to six I1- atoms. There are a spread of Na–I bond distances ranging from 3.08–3.52 Å. There are four inequivalent Pr3+ sites. In the first Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two N3- and four I1- atoms. Both Pr–N bond lengths are 2.33 Å. There are a spread of Pr–I bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.47 Å. In the second Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two N3- and four I1- atoms. Both Pr–N bond lengths are 2.34 Å. There are a spread of Pr–I bond distances ranging from 3.15–3.42 Å. In the third Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two N3- and four I1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.35 Å) and one longer (2.36 Å) Pr–N bond lengths. There are a spread of Pr–I bond distances ranging from 3.24–3.76 Å. In the fourth Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two N3- and four I1- atoms. Both Pr–N bond lengths are 2.36 Å. There are a spread of Pr–I bond distances ranging from 3.24–3.73 Å. There are two inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded to four Pr3+ atoms to form edge-sharing NPr4 tetrahedra. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded to four Pr3+ atoms to form edge-sharing NPr4 tetrahedra. There are seven inequivalent I1- sites. In the first I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Pr3+ atoms. In the second I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and three Pr3+ atoms. In the third I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Pr3+ atoms. In the fourth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and three Pr3+ atoms. In the fifth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Pr3+ atoms. In the sixth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Pr3+ atoms. In the seventh I1- site, I1- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Na1+ and two Pr3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on PrB2Ru3 by Materials Project

PrRu3B2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pr is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Pr, twelve equivalent Ru, and six equivalent B atoms. Both Pr–Pr bond lengths are 3.05 Å. All Pr–Ru bond lengths are 3.18 Å. All Pr–B bond lengths are 3.23 Å. Ru is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Pr and four equivalent B atoms. All Ru–B bond lengths are 2.22 Å. B is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Pr and six equivalent Ru atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Pr2Ga by Materials Project

Pr2Ga is Cotunnite structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Pr sites. In the first Pr site, Pr is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Ga atoms. There are a spread of Pr–Ga bond distances ranging from 3.20–3.72 Å. In the second Pr site, Pr is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Ga atoms. There are a spread of Pr–Ga bond distances ranging from 3.23–3.49 Å. Ga is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Pr atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ca10Pr4Cu24O41 by Materials Project

Ca10Pr4Cu24O41 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cccm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.72 Å. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted CaO7 pentagonal bipyramids that share corners with four equivalent PrO7 pentagonal bipyramids and a faceface with one CaO7 pentagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.71 Å. In the third Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.36–3.04 Å. Pr+3.50+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted PrO7 pentagonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent CaO7 pentagonal bipyramids and a faceface with one PrO7 pentagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.57 Å. There are ten inequivalent Cu2+ sites. In the first Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.03 Å. In the second Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.95 Å) and two longer (1.97 Å) Cu–O bond length. In the third Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.00 Å. In the fourth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.91 Å) and two longer (1.92 Å) Cu–O bond length. In the fifth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.91 Å) and two longer (1.92 Å) Cu–O bond length. In the sixth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.96 Å) and two longer (1.97 Å) Cu–O bond length. In the seventh Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.02 Å. In the eighth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.86–2.00 Å. In the ninth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Cu–O bond lengths are 1.99 Å. In the tenth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Cu–O bond lengths are 1.93 Å. There are fourteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Ca2+ and three Cu2+ atoms to form OCa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with two OPr2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, edges with three OCa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, and a faceface with one OCa4Cu2 octahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Pr+3.50+ and three Cu2+ atoms to form distorted OPr2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one OCa4Cu2 octahedra, corners with two OCa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two equivalent OCaPrCu2 trigonal pyramids, edges with three OCa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, and a faceface with one OCa2Pr2Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Pr+3.50+, and two Cu2+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Ca2+ and three Cu2+ atoms to form OCa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one OCa2Pr2Cu2 octahedra, corners with two OCa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two equivalent OCaPrCu2 trigonal pyramids, edges with three OPr2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, and faces with two OCa4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 6°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Ca2+ and two equivalent Cu2+ atoms to form distorted OCa4Cu2 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent OPr2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two equivalent OCaPrCu2 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one OCa4Cu2 octahedra, and faces with four OCa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to one Ca2+, one Pr+3.50+, and two Cu2+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Ca2+ and two equivalent Cu2+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Ca2+ and three Cu2+ atoms to form OCa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one OCa4Cu2 octahedra, corners with two equivalent OPr2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, edges with three OCa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, and faces with two equivalent OCa2Pr2Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ca2+, one Pr+3.50+, and two Cu2+ atoms to form distorted OCaPrCu2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with three OCa2Pr2Cu2 octahedra, corners with four OPr2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, and an edgeedge with one OCaPrCu2 trigonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–88°. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ca2+, two equivalent Pr+3.50+, and two equivalent Cu2+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to two equivalent Ca2+ and two equivalent Cu2+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to two Ca2+ and two Cu2+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Ca2+, two equivalent Pr+3.50+, and two equivalent Cu2+ atoms to form distorted OCa2Pr2Cu2 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent OCa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two equivalent OCaPrCu2 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one OCa2Pr2Cu2 octahedra, and faces with four OPr2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four equivalent Ca2+ and two equivalent Cu2+ atoms to form distorted OCa4Cu2 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent OCa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with four equivalent OCaPrCu2 trigonal pyramids, edges with two equivalent OCa4Cu2 octahedra, and faces with four equivalent OCa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Sr3Pr4O9 by Materials Project

Sr3Pr4O9 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Sr2+ sites. In the first Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted SrO6 pentagonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one SrO6 pentagonal pyramid, an edgeedge with one SrO6 pentagonal pyramid, edges with two PrO6 pentagonal pyramids, and a faceface with one PrO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.77 Å. In the second Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.65 Å. In the third Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–3.21 Å. In the fourth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.38–3.17 Å. In the fifth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.98 Å. In the sixth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted SrO6 pentagonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one SrO6 pentagonal pyramid, a cornercorner with one PrO6 pentagonal pyramid, corners with two equivalent PrO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one SrO6 pentagonal pyramid, and edges with two PrO6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.75 Å. There are eight inequivalent Pr3+ sites. In the first Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PrO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent SrO6 pentagonal pyramids and corners with three PrO6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.31 Å. In the second Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted PrO6 pentagonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one SrO6 pentagonal pyramid, an edgeedge with one PrO6 pentagonal pyramid, and a faceface with one SrO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.60 Å. In the third Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted PrO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with two equivalent PrO6 pentagonal pyramids, corners with two equivalent PrO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two SrO6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.61 Å. In the fourth Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.91 Å. In the fifth Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.96 Å. In the sixth Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted PrO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with two equivalent PrO6 pentagonal pyramids, a cornercorner with one PrO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one PrO6 pentagonal pyramid, and edges with two SrO6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.62 Å. In the seventh Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.89 Å. In the eighth Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.63 Å. There are eighteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Pr3+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing OPr4 tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Sr2+ and three Pr3+ atoms to form OSrPr3 tetrahedra that share corners with two OPr4 tetrahedra, corners with two OSr3Pr trigonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one OSrPr3 trigonal pyramid. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+ and three Pr3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Sr2+ and two Pr3+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+ and three Pr3+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Sr2+ and one Pr3+ atom to form distorted OSr3Pr trigonal pyramids that share corners with two OSrPr3 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one OSrPr3 trigonal pyramid, an edgeedge with one OSr2Pr2 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one OSr3Pr trigonal pyramid. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Sr2+ and three Pr3+ atoms to form distorted OSrPr3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two OPr4 tetrahedra, corners with two OSr3Pr trigonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one OSrPr3 tetrahedra. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to two Sr2+ and two Pr3+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+ and three Pr3+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Sr2+ and two Pr3+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Sr2+ and two Pr3+ atoms to form distorted OSr2Pr2 tetrahedra that share corners with two OPr4 tetrahedra, corners with three OSr3Pr trigonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one OSr3Pr trigonal pyramid. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+ and four Pr3+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+ and three Pr3+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Sr2+ and one Pr3+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Sr2+ and three Pr3+ atoms to form OSrPr3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one OPr4 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one OSr3Pr trigonal pyramid. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+ and three Pr3+ atoms. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Sr2+ and one Pr3+ atom to form distorted OSr3Pr trigonal pyramids that share corners with three OSrPr3 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one OSrPr3 trigonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one OSr3Pr trigonal pyramid. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Sr2+ and two Pr3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗