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The purpose of this document is to show the verification and validation results of ANSYS LSDYNA 2023R1 an ORNL workstation. The ANSYS LSDYNA verification and validation was done in accordance with the ANSYS LSDYNA 2023R1 software quality assurance plan.
This report, developed by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), outlines a comprehensive research plan to support the digital modernization of safety-related instrumentation and control (I&C) systems in the U.S. nuclear industry. The modernization effort is critical to ensuring the long-term safety, reliability, and economic viability of both existing and future nuclear power plants (NPPs), particularly as aging analog systems become increasingly obsolete and difficult to maintain.
An emerging trend in advanced manufacturing is printed electronics and sensors. The ability to print customized electronics and sensors integrated into functional packages is a growing need within a variety of growing markets such as smart manufacturing, internet of things (IoT), and the small satellite industry. Both Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the MITRE Corporation have seedling research efforts evaluating the potential for future printed electronic systems. High frequency, wide-bandwidth phased array antennas (i.e. >45 GHz) open the door to new applications. However, such sensors require currently prohibitively small feature sizes for commercial 3D printing technologies along with increasing challenges with connecting the driving electronics to such features. An additional finding with related advanced manufacturing challenges is the rapid production of 3D additive connectors for integration with commercial printed circuit boards (PCBs), primarily for advanced in-circuit inspection techniques. This work is developing additive manufacturing processes for producing connected and conductive fine scale 3D features. The primary focus was on aerosol-jet printing (AJP), which has a small minimum resolution (<50 µm) but is traditionally printed flat with small height/width aspect ratios <<1, and developing controls to enable fully 3D, high aspect ratio, and unsupported features. In Phase 1 of this effort, baselines of process performance were characterized, and test coupons produced for both ultra-high frequency antennas and microstructures to support reverse engineering of PCBs. In Phase 2, these efforts will be extended for system demonstration of ultra-high frequency antenna arrays, as well as reverse engineering circuitry for dense PCBs.
Understanding the nucleosynthesis and energy generation in quiescent and explosive stellar burning requires a detailed understanding of reaction rates on many unstable nuclides. Such reaction rates are often governed by the properties of low-lying, isolated proton resonances. Though direct measurements of resonance strengths are ultimately desired, and are a focus of rare isotope beam facilities worldwide, such tour-de-force experiments must be guided by indirect techniques, in order to know resonance energies, J π assignments, and estimated widths, to inform targeted measurements. Furthermore, some important low-lying resonances may be too weak for direct measurements with radioactive beams, and indirect techniques provide the only practical constraints. Additionally, there has been growing interest in the astrophysical role of isomeric states, which can influence the reaction flow in nucleosynthetic reaction networks, and hence impact the quantitative interpretation of astronomical observables, such as γ-ray signatures, and elemental and isotopic ratios. Properties of single-proton resonances can be obtained by exploiting the selectivity of direct reactions, such as single-nucleon transfer and charge-exchange reactions. Constraining proton-capture rates via direct reactions has been a focus of the astrophysics program at ORNL for over two decades, spurring the development of the ORRUBA and GODDESS detector systems. Herein, a review of recent developments in instrumentation and radioactive beam delivery (including isomeric beam experiments) is presented, along with some specific examples of astrophysically interesting sd-shell nuclides, which have been a target of recent ORRUBA and GODDESS experiments.
The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Advanced Reactor Technologies (ART) is currently supporting a fuel development and qualification program, which includes fuel fabrication, test irradiations, and post-irradiation examination (PIE) and safety testing to assess fuel performance during normal irradiation and under potential accident conditions. PIE work on fuel from the second test irradiation, Advanced Gas Reactor-2 (AGR-2), began at INL in July 2014. This work scope includes Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) providing technical input, performing PIE testing and analysis, and contributing expertise to this effort.
Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Advanced Reactor Technologies (ART) is currently supporting a tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel development and qualification program, which includes fuel fabrication, test irradiations, and post-irradiation examination (PIE) and safety testing to assess fuel performance during normal irradiation and under potential accident conditions. PIE fuel work from the final test irradiation (Advanced Gas Reactor [AGR]-5/6/7) is expected to commence at INL in early 2021, but the PIE preparations work began in FY2016. The work scope in this statement of work includes Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) providing project management and technical support to PIE-related activities; technical input to the moisture/air-ingress furnace design, fabrication, and equipment qualification; and technical support for development of equipment and techniques for planned PIE evolutions.
The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Advanced Reactor Technologies (ART) is currently supporting a tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel development and qualification program, which includes fuel fabrication, test irradiations, and post-irradiation examination (PIE) and safety testing to assess fuel performance during normal irradiation and under accident conditions. PIE work on fuel from the third and fourth test irradiations, Advanced Gas Reactor-3/4 (AGR-3/4), began at INL in April 2015. The work scope in this memorandum purchase order (MPO) includes Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) providing technical input, preparations for PIE testing and analysis, and contributing general expertise to this effort.
The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Advanced Reactor Technologies (ART) is currently supporting a tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel development and qualification program, which includes fuel fabrication, test irradiations, and post-irradiation examination (PIE) and safety testing to assess fuel performance during normal irradiation and under accident conditions. PIE work on fuel from the last in the series of test irradiations, Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR)-5/6/7, will begin at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in approximately September 2020, but because of the complexity of the experiment preparations for the PIE are going to begin in FY2016. The work scope in this memorandum purchase order (MPO) includes Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) providing project management and technical support to PIE-related activities, providing technical input to the moisture furnace design, providing technical support for development of equipment and techniques for planned PIE evolutions, and contributing general expertise to this effort.
Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Advanced Reactor Technologies (ART) is currently supporting a tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel development and qualification program, which includes fuel fabrication, test irradiations, and post-irradiation examination (PIE) and safety testing to assess fuel performance during normal irradiation and under potential accident conditions. PIE fuel work from the final test irradiation (Advanced Gas Reactor [AGR]-5/6/7) is expected to commence at INL in early 2021, but the PIE preparations work began in FY2016. The work scope in this statement of work includes Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) providing project management and technical support to PIE-related activities; technical input to the moisture/air-ingress furnace design, fabrication, and equipment qualification; and technical support for development of equipment and techniques for planned PIE evolutions.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers AG-1 Code on Nuclear Air and Gas Treatment is updated every two years. This paper provides an overview of issues being discussed within AG-1 committee meetings and revisions that will be included in the next version of the code. Additional information is provided on issues being discussed ranging from media velocity limits, control of airflow using actual versus and standard cubic feet per minute. Navigation and identification of applicable high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter code sections can be confusing for those unfamiliar with AG-1. A general reorganization of filtration code sections clarifies geometry, flow, and performance envelopes for nuclear grade HEPA filters. The initial step consists of establishment of Section FN covering qualification of conventional, ceramic, metal, and high strength fibrous glass media. Future filter sections are currently expected to be characterized by geometry and flow direction (axial vs. radial). The Department of Energy's (DOE) Nuclear Air Cleaning Handbook (NACH) is also undergoing revision. An update on the status of that effort, along with issues and changes being considered. The original charter of the AG-1 Code was specific to commercial nuclear power plants, and to safety-related air cleaning systems. This has evolved over the years to include normal non-safety ventilation systems and process gas systems. Corollary guidance for DOE facilities has been available in several editions of the Nuclear Air Cleaning Handbook, starting with ORNL-NSIC 65. The latest edition of the Handbook, 2003, is undergoing revision and modifications. (authors)
The Strategic Laboratory Assessment (SLA), a collaborative team of SRNL and ORNL personnel, has been established to advance the objectives of the Surplus Plutonium Disposition (SPD) Project, by identifying and developing technologies to accelerate disposition, reduce life cycle costs, minimize worker radiation exposure, improve worker safety, and minimize Surplus Plutonium Disposition Program risks. [1] The SLA team has identified can cutting and plutonium (Pu) oxide size reduction as two glovebox processes where technology enhancements would be valuable. The DOESTD-3013 package currently in use for Pu downblending requires cutting two nested cans before the inner convenience can that holds the Pu oxide may be accessed for further processing. A rotary tubing-style cutter is used for opening the 3013 packages within the glovebox. Collet changeouts are required between cutting of the outer and inner cans. The SLA team is currently developing and testing an adjustable-clamp can cutter design that eliminates collet changeouts and allows cutting of the outer and inner can at the same time, resulting in significant reduction of radiological dose and process time, as well as improved ergonomics. To meet the Pu oxide particle size requirement, size reduction of Pu oxide agglomerations must be performed within the process gloveboxes. The SLA team has identified jaw crushing technology as an alternative to the currently employed rotary mill. Jaw crusher advantages include reduced dust within the glovebox, increased batch sizes, and easier integration with other glovebox processes due to the flow-through nature of jaw crushing. Commercially manufactured jaw crushers are either too large and/or too heavy for implementation in the SPD gloveboxes, so the SLA team is developing and testing a custom jaw crusher to meet the needs of the SPD Project.
Abstract In operando powder diffraction remains one of the most powerful tools for non‐destructive investigation of battery electrode materials. While in operando X‐ray, especially synchrotron radiation, powder diffraction is by now a routine experimental technique, in operando neutron powder diffraction is still less established. We present a new electrochemical cell for in operando neutron powder diffraction, which is, first and foremost, easy to use, but can also cycle electrode materials under electrochemical conditions close to those achieved using standard laboratory cells. The cell has been designed in multiple sizes, and high‐quality electrochemical and neutron powder diffraction data is presented for sample sizes as low as 48 mg total active material. The cell handles lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion materials equally well, with no difference in how the cell is prepared and assembled. The cell is intended to be used as sample environment at powder diffractometers at the neutron facilities MLZ, ORNL and ACNS.
The 2020 Smoky Mountains Computational Sciences and Engineering Conference enlists research scientists from across Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to be data sponsors and help create data analytics challenges for eminent data sets at the laboratory. This work describes the significance of each of the seven data sets and their as- sociated challenge questions. The challenge questions for each data set were required to cover multiple difficulty levels. An international call for participation was sent to students, and researchers asking them to form teams of up to four people to apply novel data analytics techniques to these data sets.
The 2021 Smoky Mountains Computational Sciences and Engineering Conference enlists scientists from across Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and industry to be data sponsors and help create data analytics and edge computing challenges for eminent datasets in a variety of scientific domains. This work describes the significance of each of the eight datasets and their associated challenge questions. The challenge questions for each dataset were required to cover multiple difficulty levels. An international call for participation was sent to students, asking them to form teams of up to six people and apply novel data analytics and edge computing methods to solve these challenges.
The operation of the neutron facility relies heavily on beamline scientists. Some experiments can take one or two days with experts making decisions along the way. Leveraging the computing power of HPC platforms and AI advances in image analyses, here we demonstrate an autonomous workflow for the single-crystal neutron diffraction experiments. The workflow consists of three components: an inference service that provides real-time AI segmentation on the image stream from the experiments conducted at the neutron facility, a continuous integration service that launches distributed training jobs on Summit to update the AI model on newly collected images, and a frontend web service to display the AI tagged images to the expert. Ultimately, the feedback can be directly fed to the equipment at the edge in deciding the next-step experiment without requiring an expert in the loop. With the analyses of the requirements and benchmarks of the performance for each component, this effort serves as the first step toward an autonomous workflow for real-time experiment steering at ORNL neutron facilities.
The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently well on its way to completion, will soon provide the most intense neutron beams for multi-disciplinary science. Fortuitously, it will also generate the largest pulsed neutrino flux suitable for the detection of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEνNS), a process recently measured for the first time at ORNL’s Spallation Neutron Source. We describe innovative detector technologies maximally able to profit from the order-of-magnitude increase in neutrino flux provided by the ESS, along with their sensitivity to a rich particle physics phenomenology accessible through high-statistics, precision CEνNS measurements.
The development of machine learning (ML) approaches in materials science offers the opportunity to exploit existing engineering and developmental alloy datasets, such as Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)’s consistently measured creep-rupture dataset for alumina-forming austenitic (AFA) alloys, to accelerate their further development. As a first step toward achieving ML insights for improved alloy design, the potential sources of uncertainty and their impacts on ML output are examined. It is observed that the selection of algorithms and features as well as data sampling significantly affects the performance of ML models, either positively or negatively. Further, the performance of various ML models in predicting the creep properties of AFA alloys is compared, with further evaluation by assessment of a small set of new developmental AFA alloys that were not part of the training dataset. The present study demonstrates that uncertainty quantification (UQ) is essential in materials science for evaluating the performance of ML algorithms with specifically selected feature sets and obtaining a comprehensive understanding of their limitations and the resultant capability of effective prediction in complex materials systems.
Direct Energy Deposition (DED) systems are currently used to repair and maintain existing parts in the aerospace and automotive industries. This paper discusses an effort to scale up the DED technique in order to Additively Manufacture (AM) molds and dies used in the composite manufacturing industry. The US molds and dies market has been in a rapid decline over the last decade due to outsourcing to non-US entities. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Wolf Robotics and Lincoln Electric have developed a Metal Big Area Additive Manufacturing (MBAAM) system that uses a high deposition rate and a low-cost wire feedstock material. In this work we used the MBAAM system with a mild steel wire, ER70S-6, to fabricate a compression molding mold for composite structures used in automotive and mass-transit applications. In addition, the mechanical properties of the AM structure were investigated, and it was found that the MBAAM process delivers parts with high planar isotropic behavior. The paper investigates the microstructure and grain of the printed articles to confirm the roots of the observed planar isotropic properties. Here, the manufactured AM mold was used to fabricate 50 composite parts with no observed mold deformations.