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At least 685 records · Page 38
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DOE OSTI2026

Measurement of the Higgs boson total decay width using the 𝐻 → 𝑊⁢𝑊 → 𝑒⁢𝜈⁢𝜇⁢𝜈 decay channel in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =13$ TeV

The Higgs boson (H) decay width is determined from the ratio of off- and on-shell production of 𝐻 → 𝑊⁢𝑊 → 𝑒⁢𝜈⁢𝜇⁢𝜈 using proton–proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 collected at $\sqrt{s} =13$ TeV by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The off-shell signal strength is measured as 𝜇 off−shell = $1.2^{+0.8}_{−0.7}$. The Higgs boson total decay width is Γ 𝐻 = $3.9^{+2.7}_{−2.2}$ MeV, in agreement with the standard model prediction. The uncertainty in this result represents a factor of 3 improvement over the previous CMS result in this decay channel.

Hayrapetyan, A. [Yerevan Physics Institute]↗
DOE OSTI2020

Sterile neutrino dark matter in left-right theories

SU(2) L × SU(2) R gauge symmetry requires three right-handed neutrinos (N i ), one of which, N 1 , can be sufficiently stable to be dark matter. In the early universe, W R exchange with the Standard Model thermal bath keeps the right-handed neutrinos in thermal equilibrium at high temperatures. N 1 can make up all of dark matter if they freeze-out while relativistic and are mildly diluted by subsequent decays of a long-lived and heavier right-handed neutrino, N 2 . We systematically study this parameter space, constraining the symmetry breaking scale of SU(2) R and the mass of N 1 to a triangle in the (v R , M 1 ) plane, with v R = (10 6 - 3 × 10 12 ) GeV and M 1 = (2 keV–1 MeV). Much of this triangle can be probed by signals of warm dark matter, especially if leptogenesis from N 2 decay yields the observed baryon asymmetry. The minimal value of v R is increased to 10 8 GeV for doublet breaking of SU(2) R , and further to 10 9 GeV if leptogenesis occurs via N 2 decay, while the upper bound on M 1 is reduced to 100 keV. In addition, there is a component of hot N 1 dark matter resulting from the late decay of N 2 → N 1 ℓ+ℓ- that can be probed by future cosmic microwave background observations. Interestingly, the range of v R allows both precision gauge coupling unification and the Higgs Parity understanding of the vanishing of the Standard Model Higgs quartic at scale vR. Finally, we study freeze-in production of N 1 dark matter via the WR interaction, which allows a much wider range of (v R , M 1 ).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Collider probes of real triplet scalar dark matter

We study discovery prospects for a real triplet extension of the Standard Model scalar sector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and a possible future 100 TeV $\mathcal{pp}$ collider. We focus on the scenario in which the neutral triplet scalar is stable and contributes to the dark matter relic density. When produced in $\mathcal{pp}$ collisions, the charged triplet scalar decays to the neutral component plus a soft pion or soft lepton pair, yielding a disappearing charged track in the detector. We recast current 13 TeV LHC searches for disappearing tracks, and find that the LHC presently excludes a real triplet scalar lighter than 248 (275) GeV, for a mass splitting of 172 (160) MeV with $\mathcal{L}$ = 36 fb –1 . The reach can extend to 497 (520) GeV with the collection of 3000 fb –1 . We extrapolate the 13 TeV analysis to a prospective 100 TeV pp collider, and find that a ~ 3 TeV triplet scalar could be discoverable with $\mathcal{L}$ = 30 ab –1 , depending on the degree to which pile up effects are under control. We also investigate the dark matter candidate in our model and corresponding present and prospective constraints from dark matter direct detection. We find that currently XENON1T can exclude a real triplet dark matter lighter than ~ 3 TeV for a Higgs portal coupling of order one or larger, and the future XENON20T will cover almost the entire dark matter viable parameter space except for vanishingly small portal coupling.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

ALP-assisted strong first-order electroweak phase transition and baryogenesis

Axion-like particles (ALPs) can be naturally lighter than the electroweak scale. We consider an ALP that couples to the Standard Model Higgs to achieve the strong first-order electroweak phase transition. We discuss the two-field dynamics of the phase transition and the associated computation in detail and identify the viable parameter space. The ALP mass can be from the MeV to GeV scale. Baryon asymmetry can be explained by local baryogenesis without violating the current electron and atom electric dipole moment bound in most of the viable parameter space. The viable parameter space can be probed through Higgs exotic decay, rare kaon decay, the electron and atomic electric dipole moment, and the effective number of neutrinos in the cosmic microwave background in the future. The gravitational-wave signal is too weak to be detected.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

The photon content of the proton in the CT18 global analysis

Recently, two photon PDF sets based on implementations of the LUX ansatz into the CT18 global analysis were released. In CT18lux, the photon PDF is calculated directly using the LUX master formula for all scales, \mu μ . In an alternative realization, CT18qed, the photon PDF is initialized at the starting scale, \mu_0 μ 0 , using the LUX formulation and evolved to higher scales \mu(>\mu_0) μ ( > μ 0 ) with a combined QED+QCD kernel at \mathcal{O}(\alpha),~\mathcal{O}(\alpha\alpha_s) 𝒪 ( α ) , 𝒪 ( α α s ) and \mathcal{O}(\alpha^2) 𝒪 ( α 2 ) . In the small- x x region, the photon PDF uncertainty is mainly induced by the quark and gluon PDFs, through the perturbative DIS structure functions. In comparison, the large- x x photon uncertainty comes from various low-energy, nonperturbative contributions, including variations of the inelastic structure functions in the resonance and continuum regions, higher-twist and target-mass corrections, and elastic electromagnetic form factors of the proton. We take the production of doubly-charged Higgs pairs, (H^{++}H^{--}) ( H + + H − − ) , as an example of scenarios beyond the Standard Model to illustrate the phenomenological implications of these photon PDFs at the LHC.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Nambu and Compositeness

The Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model is the simplest field theory of a composite scalar boson, consisting of a pair of chiral fermions. A bound state emerges from an assumed point-like 4-fermion interaction and is described by local effective field, $\Phi(x)$. We review this in the context of the renormalization group and show some its phenomenological successes, such as the QCD chiral dynamics and the prediction of stable heavy-light resonances that reveal the single light quark chiral dynamics. We also review some NJL--inspired composite Higgs models. We then describe a novel UV completion of the NJL model, to an extended interaction, where the solution is described by a bilocal effective, Yukawa field, $\Phi(x,y)$. I conclude with a personal recollection of Yoichiro Nambu.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Primordial black holes from bubble collisions during a first-order phase transition

We study the possibility of production of primordial black holes (PBHs) from bubble collisions during a first-order phase transition. While typical colliding bubbles are small and irrelevant for PBH production, we find that those that can produce PBHs must have a macroscopically thick fluid shell and have been born much before the typical nucleation time. Particularly large uncertainties arise from an exponential sensitivity of the nucleation rate on the required duration of bubble growth which depends on the details of the collisions and the evolution of the spacetime metric toward the end of the phase transition. We introduce a few parameters to be obtained from future numerical simulation to represent those unknowns, and estimate the PBH abundance in an Abelian Higgs benchmark model and show that it can be significant. We predict an approximately monochromatic PBH mass spectrum, and find regions in the parameter space where the PBHs can constitute entire dark matter or even overclose the Universe. Our result thus shows that models with a first-order phase transition can be constrained by overabundant PBHs or null results of other PBH searches. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Nonperturbative Exploration of Near-Conformal Dynamics

This project had three major goals: Explore qheories of composite dark matter and composite Higgs bosons through the work of the Lattice Strong Dynamics (LSD) collaboration.; Extend lattice gauge theories to curved manifolds through the work of the Quantum Finite Elements (QFE) collaboration.; Explore normalizing flow neural networks for producing ensembles of lattice gauge theory configurations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Discriminative versus generative approaches to simulation-based inference

Most of the fundamental, emergent, and phenomenological parameters of particle and nuclear physics are determined through parametric template fits. Simulations are used to populate histograms which are then matched to data. This approach is inherently lossy, since histograms are binned and low-dimensional. Deep learning has enabled unbinned and high-dimensional parameter estimation through neural likelihood(-ratio) estimation. We compare two approaches for neural simulation-based inference (NSBI): one based on discriminative learning (classification) and one based on generative modeling. These two approaches are directly evaluated on the same datasets, with a similar level of hyperparameter optimization in both cases. In addition to a Gaussian dataset, we study NSBI using a Higgs boson dataset from the FAIR Universe Challenge. We find that both the direct likelihood and likelihood ratio estimation are able to effectively extract parameters with reasonable uncertainties. For the numerical examples and within the set of hyperparameters studied, we found that the likelihood ratio method is more accurate and/or precise. Both methods have a significant spread from the network training and would require ensembling or other mitigation strategies in practice.

high energy physics↗
DOE OSTI2021

TMD fragmentation functions at N 3 LO

We compute the unpolarized quark and gluon transverse-momentum dependent fragmentation functions (TMDFFs) at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N 3 LO) in perturbative QCD. The calculation is based on a relation between the TMDFF and the limit of the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering cross section where all final-state radiation becomes collinear to the detected hadron. The required cross section is obtained by analytically continuing our recent computation of the Drell-Yan and Higgs boson production cross section at N 3 LO expanded around the limit of all final-state radiation becoming collinear to one of the initial states. Our results agree with a recent independent calculation by Luo et al.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Probing Higgs-muon interactions at a multi-TeV muon collider

Abstract We study the capabilities of a muon collider, at 3 and 10 TeV center-of-mass energy, of probing the interactions of the Higgs boson with the muon. We consider all the possible processes involving the direct production of EW bosons (W, ZandH) with up to five particles in the final state. We study these processes both in the HEFT and SMEFT frameworks, assuming that the dominant BSM effects originate from the muon Yukawa sector. Our study shows that a Muon Collider has sensitivity beyond the high-luminosity LHC, especially as it does not rely on the Higgs-decay branching fraction to muons. A 10 TeV muon collider provides a unique sensitivity on muon and (multi-) Higgs interactions, significantly better than the 3 TeV option. Particularly, we find searches based purely on multi-Higgs production to be particularly effective in probing these couplings.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Visualization and quantum control of light-accelerated condensates by terahertz multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy

Abstract Characterizing and controlling high-order correlation of quantum systems is key for developing quantum devices and switching technologies. Although conventional static and ultrafast spectroscopy gives access to collective excitations characterizing quantum states, more exotic correlations cannot be easily separated from other contributions. Here we develop density matrix simulations to show that seventh-order-wave-mixing peaks with distinct temperature and field dependences in two-dimensional terahertz nonlinear spectra reveal light-induced correlations in non-equilibrium superconducting states. Above critical terahertz driving, these emerging peaks split from conventional peaks along the second axis introduced by pump-probe relative phase in two-dimensional frequency space. They are photo-generated by correlations between two-photon fluctuations and interacting quasi-particle and quasi-particle/Higgs superconductor excitations. By photo-inducing persistent symmetry breaking via light-wave propagation, we also demonstrate seventh-order-wave-mixing sensing of Higgs collective modes. Our theory suggests to use multi-dimensional spectroscopy for quantum sensing of light-driven superconductivity and paves a path for quantum operations by few-cycle-THz-periodic photocurrent modulation.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Revisiting supernova constraints on a light CP-even scalar

A light CP-even Standard Model (SM) gauge-singlet scalar S can be produced abundantly in the supernova core, via the nucleon bremsstrahlung process NN → NNS, due to its mixing with the SM Higgs boson. Including the effective S coupling to both nucleons and the pion mediators, we evaluate the production amplitude for the S particle and point out a key difference with the well-known light CP-odd scalar (axion) and vector boson (dark photon) cases. Taking the subsequent decay and re-absorption of S into account, we present a complete calculation of the energy loss rate for the S particle. We then use the SN1987A luminosity constraints to derive updated supernova limits on the mixing of the scalar S with the SM Higgs boson. We find that the mixing angle sin θ with the SM Higgs is excluded only in the narrow range of 3.9 × 10 -7 to 7.0 × 10 -6 , depending on the scalar mass up to about 147 MeV, beyond which the supernova limit disappears.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Dark C P violation and gauged lepton or baryon number for electroweak baryogenesis

We explore the generation of the baryon asymmetry in an extension of the standard model where the lepton number is promoted to a U(1)ℓ gauge symmetry with an associated Z' gauge boson. This is based on a novel electroweak baryogenesis mechanism first proposed by us in Ref. Extra fermionic degrees of freedom, including a fermionic dark matter χ, are introduced in the dark sector for anomaly cancellation. The lepton number is spontaneously broken at high scale and the effective theory, containing the standard model, the Z', the fermionic dark matter, and an additional complex scalar field S, violates CP in the dark sector. The complex scalar field couples to the Higgs portal and is essential in enabling a strong first order phase transition. Dark CP violation is diffused in front of the bubble walls and creates a chiral asymmetry for χ, which in turn creates a chemical potential for the standard model leptons. Weak sphalerons are then in charge of transforming the net lepton charge asymmetry into net baryon number. We explore the model phenomenology related to the leptophilic Z', the dark matter candidate, the Higgs boson, and the additional scalar, as well as implications for electric dipole moments. We also discuss the case when baryon number U(1)B is promoted to a gauge symmetry, and discuss electroweak baryogenesis and its corresponding phenomenology.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Statement from the American Linear Collider Committee to the P5 subpanel

This statement from the American Linear Collider Committee to the P5 subpanel has three purposes. It presents a brief summary of the case for an $e^+e^-$ Higgs factory that has emerged from Snowmass 2021. It highlights the special virtues of the ILC that are shared with other linear colliders but not with circular colliders. Finally, it calls attention to the resources available in the ILC White Paper for Snowmass (arXiv:2203.07622). The ALCC urges P5 to move the Higgs factory forward as a global project by assigning the idea of an $e^+e^-$ Higgs factory high priority, initiating a global discussion of the technology choice and cost sharing, and offering the option of siting the Higgs factory in the U.S.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Topological Green’s Function Zeros in an Exactly Solved Model and Beyond

The interplay of topological electronic band structures and strong interparticle interactions provides a promising path towards the constructive design of robust, long-range entangled many-body systems. As a prototype for such systems, we here study an exactly integrable, local model for a fractionalized topological insulator. Using a controlled perturbation theory about this limit, we demonstrate the existence of topological bands of zeros in the exact fermionic Green’s function and show that in this model they do affect the topological invariant of the system, but not the quantized transport response. Close to (but prior to) the Higgs transition signaling the breakdown of fractionalization, the topological bands of zeros acquire a finite “lifetime.” We also discuss the appearance of edge states and edge zeros at real space domain walls separating different phases of the system. This model provides a fertile ground for controlled studies of the phenomenology of Green’s function zeros and the underlying exactly solvable lattice gauge theory illustrates the synergetic cross pollination between solid-state theory, high-energy physics, and quantum information science.

Bollmann, Steffen↗
DOE OSTI2025

Real singlet scalar benchmarks in the multi-TeV resonance regime

Scalar extensions of the Standard Model (SM) are of much interest at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and future colliders. In particular, these models can give rise to resonant di-Higgs production and alter the Higgs trilinear coupling. In this paper, we study di-Higgs production in the Standard Model extended by a real scalar singlet with no additional symmetries. We determine how large the resonant di-Higgs rate and variation in the Higgs trilinear coupling can be in four scenarios: current LHC results and projected results at the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the HL-LHC combined with a circular 𝑒 − ⁢𝑒 + collider such as the Circular Electron Positron Collider or Future Circular Collider with electron-positron collisions, and the HL-LHC combined with a linear 𝑒 − ⁢𝑒 + collider such as the International Linear Collider. While these are updated results from a previous study by [I. M. Lewis and M. Sullivan, Benchmarks for double Higgs production in the singlet extended standard model at the LHC, Phys. Rev. D 96, 035037 (2017).] using current LHC data, we go further and find benchmark points in the multi-TeV resonance regime for future colliders beyond the HL-LHC. Considering current LHC results, the resonant di-Higgs rate can still be an order of magnitude larger than the SM predicted di-Higgs rate. In the HL-LHC scenario, the Higgs trilinear coupling can still be a factor of three larger than the SM prediction for resonance masses in the 1.5–3.5 TeV range, where resonant searches may have less reach. This enhancement is just at the projected 2⁢𝜎 sensitivity of the HL-LHC. We find there are resonance masses for which the change in the Higgs trilinear is maximized while the resonant rate is negligible. We provide an analytical understanding of these effects with a discussion on the interplay of various constraints on the parameter space and the Higgs trilinear coupling.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗