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At least 667 records · Page 37

State-selective and total cross sections for electron capture from the K-shell of multi-electron atoms by fully stripped projectiles

Capture of a K-shell electron by bare fast ions H{sup +}, He{sup 2+} and Li{sup 3+} from multi-electron atomic targets (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon and argon) is theoretically studied by means of the four-body boundary-corrected first Born approximation. In a wide impact energy interval ranging from 100 to 40 000 keV/amu, extensive tables of the obtained state-selective cross sections Q{sub nlm} are presented for each individual final hydrogen-like state described by the usual quantum numbers {n,l,m}. The total cross sections Q{sub nl}, Q{sub n} and Q{sub tot} for capture summed over the quantum numbers m, {l,m} and {n,l,m}, respectively, are also reported. Theoretical cross sections Q{sub tot} are found to compare favorably with the corresponding experimental data. The maximal value of the principal quantum number n has been taken to be n=4, which satisfies the relationship n≥Z{sub P}, where Z{sub P} is the nuclear charge of the projectile. The tabulated state-selective cross sections Q{sub nlm} for single-electron capture by swift nuclei from multi-electron atoms are the first results in the literature on the theory of four-body collisions. The present data for the examined capture processes are of notable interest for many fundamental and applied problems in various interdisciplinary fields ranging from fusion research, plasma physics, astrophysics to radiotherapy.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Vibrationally resolved ionization cross sections for the ground state and electronically excited states of the hydrogen molecule and its isotopomeres

An existing set of vibrationally resolved ionization cross section for the ground state and the first excited states of the hydrogen molecule, based on the Gryzinski method, is extended by cross sections for the isotopomeres of H{sub 2} (i.e. D{sub 2}, T{sub 2}, HD, HT, and DT), both for non-dissociative and dissociative ionizations. The comparison of cross sections for non-dissociative ionization of H{sub 2} with results obtained by the Molecular Convergent Close-Coupling method gives a very good agreement. The compiled tables give non-dissociative and dissociative cross sections for the ground state and the five energetically lowest electronically excited states of H{sub 2} and its isotopomeres, in each case for the first 9 vibrational levels. Data for all vibrational levels of the excited states is available online.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Proton- and deuteron-induced cross sections on natural platinum

Light-ion irradiations on natural platinum were performed to measure gold-radioisotope cross sections and isotope ratios, as well as to produce a carrier-free final product. Experimental cross sections are compared to TENDL-2023. There is good agreement with this work's results and other published literature values. In conclusion, several novel cross sections were determined including 190 Au, 191 Au, 199 Pt and several independent cross sections.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Determination of Resonance Parameters and their Covariances from Neutron Induced Reaction Cross Section Data

Cross section data in the resolved and unresolved resonance region are represented by nuclear reaction formalisms using parameters which are determined by fitting them to experimental data. Therefore, the quality of evaluated cross sections in the resonance region strongly depends on the experimental data used in the adjustment process and an assessment of the experimental covariance data is of primary importance in determining the accuracy of evaluated cross section data. In this contribution, uncertainty components of experimental observables resulting from total and reaction cross section experiments are quantified by identifying the metrological parameters involved in the measurement, data reduction and analysis process. In addition, different methods that can be applied to propagate the covariance of the experimental observables (i.e. transmission and reaction yields) to the covariance of the resonance parameters are discussed and compared. The methods being discussed are: conventional uncertainty propagation, Monte Carlo sampling and marginalization. It is demonstrated that the final covariance matrix of the resonance parameters not only strongly depends on the type of experimental observables used in the adjustment process, the experimental conditions and the characteristics of the resonance structure, but also on the method that is used to propagate the covariances. Finally, a special data reduction concept and format is presented, which offers the possibility to store the full covariance information of experimental data in the EXFOR library and provides the information required to perform a full covariance evaluation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Documentation of Uncertainties in Experimental Cross Sections for EXFOR

Documentation of uncertainties and covariances in experimental nuclear reaction cross sections has been assessed. Following consideration of the importance of covariances for nuclear data in various nuclear applications, and presentation of a simple numerical example to demonstrate this point, the minimum basic concepts (mean, covariance, standard derivation, partial uncertainties, micro- and macro-correlation coefficients) are introduced. A deterministic approach to propagating the covariances in primary measured parameters (e.g., counts) to the derived cross sections is discussed, using a neutron-induced activation cross section measurement as an example. Finally, various approaches to documentation (publication, compilation) of experimental cross sections to facilitate their use in future evaluations are mentioned.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Derivation and verification of the direct-sampling method for simulating Monte Carlo flight paths in tetrahedral meshes with linear finite-element cross sections

This paper provides a derivation of a direct-sampling approach for modeling continuously varying cross sections in tetrahedral-mesh-based Monte Carlo codes. Specifically, cross sections are spatially approximated using linear nodal finite elements. A linearization strategy is provided for non-linearly varying cross sections. The method is verified against seven analytical pure-absorber test problems. These test problems also highlight the benefit of using linear finite elements over element-wise-constant cross sections.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Direct measurement of {sup 12}C+{sup 4}He→{sup 16}O+γ total cross section at E{sub cm}=1.2 MeV

A fusion reaction of {sup 12}C+{sup 4}He→{sup 16}O+γ is one of the main reactions in He-burning of stars and important for nucleosynthesis. The fusion cross section at stellar energy of E{sub cm}=0.3 MeV has not been determined precisely yet in spite of efforts for about 40 years. We plan to measure directly the total fusion cross section down to 0.7 MeV at Kyushu University Tandem accelerator Laboratory and to estimate the cross section at 0.3MeV by extrapolation. We have already measured the cross sections at 2.4 MeV and 1.5 MeV. The measurement at E{sub cm}=1.2 MeV is in progress.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Two-photon absorption cross sections within equation-of-motion coupled-cluster formalism using resolution-of-the-identity and Cholesky decomposition representations: Theory, implementation, and benchmarks

The equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (EOM-CC) methods provide a robust description of electronically excited states and their properties. Here, we present a formalism for two-photon absorption (2PA) cross sections for the equation-of-motion for excitation energies CC with single and double substitutions (EOM-CC for electronically excited states with single and double substitutions) wave functions. Rather than the response theory formulation, we employ the expectation-value approach which is commonly used within EOM-CC, configuration interaction, and algebraic diagrammatic construction frameworks. In addition to canonical implementation, we also exploit resolution-of-the-identity (RI) and Cholesky decomposition (CD) for the electron-repulsion integrals to reduce memory requirements and to increase parallel efficiency. The new methods are benchmarked against the CCSD and CC3 response theories for several small molecules. We found that the expectation-value 2PA cross sections are within 5% from the quadratic response CCSD values. The RI and CD approximations lead to small errors relative to the canonical implementation (less than 4%) while affording computational savings. RI/CD successfully address the well-known issue of large basis set requirements for 2PA cross sections calculations. The capabilities of the new code are illustrated by calculations of the 2PA cross sections for model chromophores of the photoactive yellow and green fluorescent proteins.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Interface-state capture cross section—Why does it vary so much?

A capture cross section value is often assigned to Si–SiO{sub 2} interface defects. Using a kinetic variation of the charge pumping technique and transition state theory, we show that the value of capture cross section is extremely sensitive to the measurement approach and does not provide any meaningful insight into the physics involved. We argue that capture cross section is neither a physical property of interface defects nor is there any need to assign capture cross section values.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Optimal cross-sectional sampling for river modelling with bridges: An information theory-based method

The description of river topography has a crucial role in accurate one-dimensional (1D) hydraulic modelling. Specifically, cross-sectional data define the riverbed elevation, the flood-prone area, and thus, the hydraulic behavior of the river. Here, the problem of the optimal cross-sectional spacing is solved through an information theory-based concept. The optimal subset of locations is the one with the maximum information content and the minimum amount of redundancy. The original contribution is the introduction of a methodology to sample river cross sections in the presence of bridges. The approach is tested on the Grosseto River (IT) and is compared to existing guidelines. The results show that the information theory-based approach can support traditional methods to estimate rivers’ cross-sectional spacing.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

RESONANCES IN THE PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS SECTIONS OF ATOMIC NITROGEN SHAPE THE FAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM OF THE BRIGHT STAR IN 47 TUCANAE

The far-ultraviolet spectrum of the Bright Star (B8 III) in 47 Tuc (NGC 104) shows a remarkable pattern: it is well fit by local thermodynamic equilibrium models at wavelengths longer than Ly{beta}, but at shorter wavelengths it is fainter than the models by a factor of two. A spectrum of this star obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer shows broad absorption troughs with sharp edges at 995 and 1010 A and a deep absorption feature at 1072 A; none of which are predicted by the models. We find that these features are caused by resonances in the photoionization cross sections of the first and second excited states of atomic nitrogen (2s {sup 2} 2p {sup 3} {sup 2} D {sup 0} and {sup 2} P {sup 0}). Using cross sections from the Opacity Project, we can reproduce these features, but only if we use the cross sections at their full resolution, rather than the resonance-averaged cross sections usually employed to model stellar atmospheres. These resonances are strongest in stellar atmospheres with enhanced nitrogen and depleted carbon abundances, a pattern typical of post-asymptotic giant branch stars.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Measurement of Electron-Neutrino Charged-Current Cross Sections on 127 I with the COHERENT NaI$ν$E Detector

Using an 185-kg NaI[Tl] array, COHERENT has measured the inclusive electron-neutrino chargedcurrent cross section on 127 I with pion decay-at-rest neutrinos produced by the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Iodine is one the heaviest targets for which low-energy (≤ 50 MeV) inelastic neutrino-nucleus processes have been measured, and this is the first measurement of its inclusive cross section. After a five-year detector exposure, COHERENT reports a flux-averaged cross section for electron neutrinos of ${9.2}_{–1.8}^{+2.1}$ × 10 –40 cm 2 . This corresponds to a value that is ~41% lower than predicted using the MARLEY event generator with a measured Gamow-Teller strength distribution. In addition, the observed visible spectrum from charged-current scattering on 127 I has been measured between 10 and 55 MeV, and the exclusive zero-neutron and one-or-more-neutron emission cross sections are measured to be ${5.2}_{–3.1}^{+3.4}$ × 10 –40 and ${2.2}_{—2.2}^{+3.5}$ × 10 –40 cm 2 , respectively.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Cross sections of 𝜂 mesons in 𝑝 +𝑝 collisions at forward rapidity at $\sqrt{𝑠}$ = 500 GeV and central rapidity at $\sqrt{𝑠}$ = 510 GeV

We present the first measurements of the forward and midrapidity 𝜂-meson cross sections from 𝑝 + 𝑝 collisions at $\sqrt{𝑠}$ = 500 and 510 GeV, respectively. We also report the midrapidity 𝜂/𝜋 0 ratio at 510 GeV. The forward cross section is measured differentially in 𝜂-meson transverse momentum (𝑝 𝑇 ) from 1.0 to 6.5 GeV/𝑐 for pseudorapidity 3.0 < |𝜂| < 3.8. The midrapidity cross section is measured from 3.5 to 44 GeV/𝑐 for pseudorapidity |𝜂| < 0.35. Both cross sections serve as critical inputs to an updated global analysis of the 𝜂-meson fragmentation functions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

New approach to analyzing and evaluating cross sections for partial photoneutron reactions

The presence of substantial systematic discrepancies between the results of different experiments devoted to determining cross sections for partial photoneutron reactions-first of all, ({gamma}, n), ({gamma}, 2n), and ({gamma}, 3n) reactions-is a strong motivation for studying the reliability and authenticity of these data and for developing methods for taking into account and removing the discrepancies in question. In order to solve the first problem, we introduce objective absolute criteria involving transitional photoneutron-multiplicity functions F{sub 1}, F{sub 2}, F{sub 3}, Horizontal-Ellipsis ; by definition, their values cannot exceed 1.0, 0.5, 0.33, Horizontal-Ellipsis , respectively. With the aim of solving the second problem, we propose a new experimental-theoretical approach. In this approach, reaction cross sections are evaluated by simultaneously employing experimental data on the cross section for the total photoneutron yield, {sigma}{sup expt}({gamma}, xn) = {sigma}{sup expt}({gamma}, n) + 2{sigma}{sup expt}({gamma}, 2n) + 3{sigma}{sup expt}({gamma}, 3n) + Horizontal-Ellipsis , which are free from drawbacks plaguing experimental methods for sorting neutrons in multiplicity, and the results obtained by calculating the functions F{sub theor}{sup 1}, F{sub theor}{sup 2}, F{sub theor}{sup 3}, Horizontal-Ellipsis on the basis of the modern model of photonuclear reactions. The reliability and authenticity of data on the cross sections for ({gamma}, n), ({gamma}, 2n), and ({gamma}, 3n) partial reactions-{sigma}{sup eval}({gamma}, in) = F{sub i}{sup theor}{sigma}{sup expt}({gamma}, xn)-were evaluated for the {sup 90}Zr, {sup 115}In, {sup 112,114,116,117,118,119,120,122,124}Sn, {sup 159}Tb, and {sup 197}Au nuclei.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

(γ, 2n)-Reaction cross-section calculations of several even-even lanthanide nuclei using different level density models

There are several level density models that can be used to predict photo-neutron cross sections. Some of them are Constant Temperature + Fermi Gas Model (CTFGM), Back-Shifted Fermi Gas Model (BSFM), Generalized Superfluid Model (GSM), Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov microscopic Model (HFBM). In this study, the theoretical photo-neutron cross sections produced by (γ, 2n) reactions for several eveneven lanthanide nuclei such as {sup 140,142}Ce, {sup 142,144,146,148,150}Nd, {sup 144,148,150,152,154}Sm, and {sup 160}Gd have been calculated on the different level density models as mentioned above by using TALYS 1.6 and EMPIRE 3.1 computer codes for incident photon energies up to 30 MeV. The obtained results have been compared with each other and available experimental data existing in the EXFOR database. Generally, at least one level density model cross-section calculations are in agreement with the experimental results for all reactions except {sup 144}Sm(γ, 2n){sup 142}Sm along the incident photon energy, TALYS 1.6 BSFM option for the level density model cross-section calculations can be chosen if the experimental data are not available or are improbable to be produced due to the experimental difficulty.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Behavior of the Elastic-Scattering Cross Section σ(E) in the Vicinity of Two Overlapping Levels with Equal Resonance Energies

The elastic-scattering process proceeding through two resonance levels that have the same spin j and equal resonance energies, (E{sub 1} = E{sub 2}), but different widths (Γ{sub 1} ≠ Γ{sub 2}) is considered. It is shown that the energy dependence of the total scattering cross section has two equal maxima at the points E{sub 1} ± (1/2) √(Γ{sub 1}Γ{sub 2}), the cross-section value at the maxima being 4π (2j + 1)ƛ{sup 2}, where ƛ is the wavelength of the incident particle in the c.m. frame, and that, at the energy E{sub 1}, the cross section vanishes, σ (E{sub 1}) = 0. The cross section is symmetric with respect to the point E{sub 1}.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Resonance Structure of the Charge-Exchange Strength Function and Neutrino-Capture Cross Sections for the Isotopes {sup 71}Ga, {sup 98}Mo, and {sup 127}I

A resonance structure of the charge-exchange strength function S(E) and its effect on the neutrino-capture cross sections for the isotopes {sup 71}Ga, {sup 98}Mo, and {sup 127}I are studied within the self-consistent theory of finite Fermi systems. The calculation of the strength function S(E) takes into account Gamow–Teller, analog, and so-called lower lying pygmy resonances. The neutrino-capture cross sections σ(E) for the above three isotopes are calculated with allowance for the resonance structure of the strength function S(E), and the effect of each resonance on the energy dependence σ(E) is analyzed. It is found that all charge-exchange resonances in the strength function S(E) should be taken into account in calculating the neutrino-capture cross section σ(E) for the isotopes {sup 71}Ga, {sup 98}Mo, and {sup 127}I. The disregard of even highlying resonances leads to a substantial underestimation of the cross section σ(E), and this may affect the interpretation of respective experimental data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Experimental Results on Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays and Asymptotic Behavior of the Total Cross Section for Nucleon–Nucleon Interaction

Results obtained by studying the energy dependence of the total cross section for nucleon–nucleon interaction are presented. The analytic parametrization proposed within axiomatic quantum field theory describes quantitatively a unified set of experimental data on proton–proton and antiproton–proton scattering. At collision energies above 86 GeV, the parameter values fitted to subsets of all available data and accelerator data alone were found to deviate from the respective asymptotic values. This indicates that the Froissart–Martin limit for the total cross section has not yet been reached in the case of these subsets. An approximation of the total nucleon–nucleon cross section measured in cosmic rays leads for some parameters to fitted values that, within 1.0 to 1.3 standard deviations, agree with the respective asymptotic values. This resultmay be viewed as an indication of the beginning of the asymptotic functional behavior of the total nucleon–nucleon cross section measured in cosmic rays of ultrahigh energy O(100 TeV). This is confirmed within the color glass condensate approach.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗