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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 667 records · Page 37
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Landau-Forbidden Quantum Criticality in Rydberg Quantum Simulators

The Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory of phase transitions precludes a continuous transition between two phases that spontaneously break distinct symmetries. However, quantum mechanical effects can intertwine the symmetries, giving rise to an exotic phenomenon called deconfined quantum criticality (DQC). Here, in this Letter, we study the ground state phase diagram of a one-dimensional array of individually trapped neutral atoms interacting strongly via Rydberg states, and demonstrate through extensive numerical simulations that it hosts a variety of symmetry-breaking phases and their transitions including DQC. We show how an enlarged, emergent continuous symmetry arises at the DQCs, which can be experimentally observed in the joint distribution of two distinct order parameters, obtained within measurement snapshots in the standard computational basis. Our findings highlight quantum simulators of Rydberg atoms not only as promising platforms to experimentally realize such exotic phenomena, but also as unique ones allowing access to physical properties not obtainable in traditional experiments.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Correlation between the structural and cathodoluminescence properties in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells with large number of quantum wells

Cathodoluminescence (CL) characteristics on 30-period InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) solar cell structures are investigated, revealing the relationship between optical and structural properties of the MQW structures with a large number of quantum wells. In the bottom MQW layers, a blueshift of CL peak along the growth direction is found and attributed to the decrease of indium content due to the compositional pulling effect. An obvious split of emission peak and a redshift of the main emission energy are found in the top MQW layers when the MQW grows above the critical layer thickness. They are attributed to the segregation of In-rich InGaN clusters rather than the increase of indium content in quantum well layer. The MQW structure is identified to consist of two regions: a strained one in the bottom, where the indium content is gradually decreased, and a partly relaxed one in the top with segregated In-rich InGaN clusters.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Multiparticle states and the factors that complicate an experimental observation of the quantum coherence in the exciton gas of SiGe/Si quantum wells

The measured stationary and time-resolved photoluminescence is used to study the properties of the exciton gas in a second-order 5-nm-thick Si{sub 0.905}Ge{sub 0.095}/Si quantum well. It is shown that, despite the presence of an electron barrier in the Si{sub 0.905}Ge{sub 0.095} layer, a spatially indirect biexciton is the most favorable energy state of the electron–hole system at low temperatures. This biexciton is characterized by a lifetime of 1100 ns and a binding energy of 2.0–2.5 meV and consists of two holes localized in the SiGe layer and two electrons mainly localized in silicon. The formation of biexcitons is shown to cause low-temperature (5 K) luminescence spectra over a wide excitation density range and to suppress the formation of an exciton gas, in which quantum statistics effects are significant. The Bose statistics can only be experimentally observed for a biexciton gas at a temperature of 1 K or below because of the high degree of degeneracy of biexciton states (28) and a comparatively large effective mass (about 1.3m{sub e}). The heat energy at such temperatures is much lower than the measured energy of localization at potential fluctuations (about 1 meV). This feature leads to biexciton localization and fundamentally limits the possibility of observation of quantum coherence in the biexciton gas.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Electron-electron interaction and the universality of critical indices for quantum Hall effect plateau-plateau transitions in n-InGaAs/GaAs nanostructures with double quantum wells

The dependences of the longitudinal and Hall resistances on a magnetic field in the integer quantum Hall effect regime in n-InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with a double quantum well are measured in the range of magnetic fields B = 0–16 T and temperatures T = 0.05–4.2 K, before and after infrared illumination. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the width of transitions between plateaus of the quantum Hall effect is performed in the scope of the scaling hypothesis allowing for electron-electron interaction effects.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Experimental Study of Spontaneous Emission in Bragg Multiple- Quantum-Well Structures with InAs Single-Layer Quantum Wells

The time-resolved photoluminescence of a Bragg structure formed by InAs single-layer quantum wells in a GaAs matrix is investigated experimentally. The comparison of photoluminescence spectra recorded from the edge and the surface of the sample indicates that Bragg ordering of the quantum wells leads to substantial modification of the spectra, in particular, to the appearance of additional modes. The spectrum recorded at the edge of the sample features a single line corresponding to the exciton ground state. In the spectrum recorded at the surface, an additional line whose frequency and propagation angle correspond to the Bragg condition for quantum wells, appears at high excitation levels. The calculation of the modal Purcell factor explains the fact that spontaneous emission is enhanced only for specific propagation angles and frequencies, rather than for all angles and frequencies satisfying the Bragg condition.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Quantum Confined Stark Effect and Temperature Dependencies of Photoluminescence of InAs Quantum Dots Coupled with AlGaAs/GaAs Two Dimensional Electron Gas

In this work, Experimental study of the influence of internal electric field and the temperature on the photoluminescence of InAs self assembled quantum dots inserted in AlGaAs/GaAs modulation doped hetero-structure have been investigated. The internal electric field is controlled by an appropriate design of the hetero-structure. We have observed a red shift of the photoluminescence position peaks result from the quantum confined Stark effect due to the local electric field existing in the structure. Estimation values of the internal electric field have been obtained through carrier’s densities values in interface of AlGaAs/GaAs hetero-junction. An anomalous dependence of the full width at half maximum with temperature has been found, which attributed to the carrier’s dynamics between InAs quantum dots layer and the two-dimensional electron gas.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantum information and quantum simulation of neutrino physics

In extreme astrophysical environments such as core-collapse supernovae and binary neutron star mergers, neutrinos play a major role in driving various dynamical and microphysical phenomena, such as baryonic matter outflows, the synthesis of heavy elements, and the supernova explosion mechanism itself. The interactions of neutrinos with matter in these environments are flavor-specific, which makes it of paramount importance to understand the flavor evolution of neutrinos. Flavor evolution in these environments can be a highly nontrivial problem thanks to a multitude of collective effects in flavor space, arising due to neutrino-neutrino ($v$-$v$) interactions in regions with high neutrino densities. A neutrino ensemble undergoing flavor oscillations under the influence of significant $v$-$v$ interactions is somewhat analogous to a system of coupled spins with long-range interactions among themselves and with an external field (‘long-range’ in momentum-space in the case of neutrinos). As a result, it becomes pertinent to consider whether these interactions can give rise to significant quantum correlations among the interacting neutrinos, and whether these correlations have any consequences for the flavor evolution of the ensemble. In particular, one may seek to utilize concepts and tools from quantum information science and quantum computing to deepen our understanding of these phenomena. In this article, we attempt to summarize recent work in this field. In conclusion, we also present some new results in a three-flavor setting, considering complex initial states.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Quantum minimal surfaces from quantum error correction

We show that complementary state-specific reconstruction of logical (bulk) operators is equivalent to the existence of a quantum minimal surface prescription for physical (boundary) entropies. This significantly generalizes both sides of an equivalence previously shown by Harlow[1]; in particular, we do not require the entanglement wedge to be the same for all states in the code space. In developing this theorem, we construct an emergent bulk geometry for general quantum codes, defining ``areas'' associated to arbitrary logical subsystems, and argue that this definition is ``functionally unique.'' We also formalize a definition of bulk reconstruction that we call ``state-specific product unitary’’ reconstruction. This definition captures the quantum error correction (QEC) properties present in holographic codes and has potential independent interest as a very broad generalization of QEC; it includes most traditional versions of QEC as special cases. Our results extend to approximate codes, and even to the ``non-isometric codes'' that seem to describe the interior of a black hole at late times.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Preparing quantum many-body scar states on quantum computers

Quantum many-body scar states are highly excited eigenstates of many-body systems that exhibit atypical entanglement and correlation properties relative to typical eigenstates at the same energy density. Scar states also give rise to infinitely long-lived coherent dynamics when the system is prepared in a special initial state having finite overlap with them. Many models with exact scar states have been constructed, but the fate of scarred eigenstates and dynamics when these models are perturbed is difficult to study with classical computational techniques. In this work, we propose state preparation protocols that enable the use of quantum computers to study this question. We present protocols both for individual scar states in a particular model, as well as superpositions of them that give rise to coherent dynamics. For superpositions of scar states, we present both a system-size-linear depth unitary and a finite-depth nonunitary state preparation protocol, the latter of which uses measurement and postselection to reduce the circuit depth. For individual scarred eigenstates, we formulate an exact state preparation approach based on matrix product states that yields quasipolynomial-depth circuits, as well as a variational approach with a polynomial-depth ansatz circuit. We also provide proof of principle state-preparation demonstrations on superconducting quantum hardware.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS2023

Quantum Image Denoising: A Framework via Boltzmann Machines, QUBO, and Quantum Annealing

We investigate a framework for binary image denoising via restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) that introduces a denoising objective in quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form and is well-suited for quantum annealing. The denoising objective is attained by balancing the distribution learned by a trained RBM with a penalty term for derivations from the noisy image. We derive the statistically optimal choice of the penalty parameter assuming the target distribution has been well-approximated, and further suggest an empirically supported modification to make the method robust to that idealistic assumption. We also show under additional assumptions that the denoised images attained by our method are, in expectation, strictly closer to the noise-free images than the noisy images are. While we frame the model as an image denoising model, it can be applied to any binary data. As the QUBO formulation is well-suited for implementation on quantum annealers, we test the model on a D-Wave Advantage machine, and also test on data too large for current quantum annealers by approximating QUBO solutions through classical heuristics.

restricted Boltzmann machine↗
DOE OSTI2014

Bound states for multiple Dirac-δ wells in space-fractional quantum mechanics

Using the momentum-space approach, we obtain bound states for multiple Dirac-δ wells in the framework of space-fractional quantum mechanics. Introducing first an attractive Dirac-comb potential, i.e., Dirac comb with strength −g (g > 0), in the space-fractional Schrödinger equation we show that the problem of obtaining eigenenergies of a system with N Dirac-δ wells can be reduced to a problem of obtaining the eigenvalues of an N × N matrix. As an illustration we use the present matrix formulation to derive expressions satisfied by the bound-state energies of N = 1, 2, 3 delta wells. We also obtain the corresponding wave functions and express them in terms of Fox's H-function.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

A nonlinear Bloch model for Coulomb interaction in quantum dots

In this paper, we first derive a Coulomb Hamiltonian for electron–electron interaction in quantum dots in the Heisenberg picture. Then we use this Hamiltonian to enhance a Bloch model, which happens to be nonlinear in the density matrix. The coupling with Maxwell equations in case of interaction with an electromagnetic field is also considered from the Cauchy problem point of view. The study is completed by numerical results and a discussion about the advisability of neglecting intra-band coherences, as is done in part of the literature.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

A parametric approach to supersymmetric quantum mechanics in the solution of Schrödinger equation

We study exact solutions of the Schrödinger equation for some potentials. We introduce a parametric approach to supersymmetric quantum mechanics to calculate energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave functions exactly. As an application we solve Schrödinger equation for the generalized Morse potential, modified Hulthen potential, deformed Rosen-Morse potential and Poschl-Teller potential. The method is simple and effective to get the results.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Signature candidate of quantum chaos far from the semiclassical regime

We numerically investigated the entanglement product in the simplest coupled kicked top model with the spin j = 1. Different from the dynamical pattern of entanglement in the semiclassical regime, two similar initial states may have discordant entanglement oscillations. A candidate of the quantum signature of this classical chaotic system was proposed. The potential antimonotonic relation between the rank correlation coefficient qualifying the concordant of two entanglement evolutions and the stationary entanglement was preliminarily revealed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Quantum key distribution with a reference quantum state

A new quantum key distribution protocol stable at arbitrary losses in a quantum communication channel has been proposed. For the stability of the protocol, it is of fundamental importance that changes in states associated with losses in the communication channel (in the absence of the eavesdropper) are included in measurements.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Nongeminate Radiative Recombination of Free Charges in Cation-Exchanged PbS Quantum Dot Films

Using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy we explore the radiative recombination pathways in PbS quantum dots (QDs) synthesized by two methods. We compare conventionally synthesized PbS from a PbO precursor to PbS synthesized using cation-exchange from CdS QDs. We show that strongly coupled films of PbS QDs from the cation-exchange luminesce with significant efficiency at room temperature. This is in stark contrast to conventional PbS QDs, which have exceedingly weak room temperature emission. Moreover, the power dependence of the emission is quadratic, indicating bimolecular radiative recombination that is reasonably competitive with trap-assisted recombination, a feature previously unreported in coupled PbS QD films. We interpret these results in terms of a greatly reduced defect concentration for cation-exchanged QDs that mitigates the influence of trap-assisted recombination. Cation-exchanged QDs have recently been employed in highly efficient and air-stable lead chalcogenide QD devices, and the reduced number of trap states inferred here may lead to improved current collection and higher open circuit voltage.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Singlet fission for quantum information and quantum computing: the parallel JDE model

Abstract Singlet fission is a photoconversion process that generates a doubly excited, maximally spin entangled pair state. This state has applications to quantum information and computing that are only beginning to be realized. In this article, we construct and analyze a spin-exciton hamiltonian to describe the dynamics of the two-triplet state. We find the selection rules that connect the doubly excited, spin-singlet state to the manifold of quintet states and comment on the mechanism and conditions for the transition into formally independent triplets. For adjacent dimers that are oriented and immobilized in an inert host, singlet fission can be strongly state-selective. We make predictions for electron paramagnetic resonance experiments and analyze experimental data from recent literature. Our results give conditions for which magnetic resonance pulses can drive transitions between optically polarized magnetic sublevels of the two-exciton states, making it possible to realize quantum gates at room temperature in these systems.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Ultrafast spin tunneling and injection in coupled nanostructures of InGaAs quantum dots and quantum well

We investigate the electron-spin injection dynamics via tunneling from an In{sub 0.1}Ga{sub 0.9}As quantum well (QW) to In{sub 0.5}Ga{sub 0.5}As quantum dots (QDs) in coupled QW-QDs nanostructures. These coupled nanostructures demonstrate ultrafast (5 to 20 ps) spin injection into the QDs. The degree of spin polarization up to 45% is obtained in the QDs after the injection, essentially depending on the injection time. The spin injection and conservation are enhanced with thinner barriers due to the stronger electronic coupling between the QW and QDs.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗