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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 667 records · Page 37
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Measuring the Neutron Spin Asymmetry A1n in the Valence Quark Region in Hall C at Jefferson Lab

The quest to understand how the nucleon spin is decomposed into its constituent quark and gluon spin and orbital angular momentum (OAM) components has been at the forefront of nuclear physics for decades. Due to the non-perturbative nature of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) - the theory describing how quarks and gluons bind together to form protons and neutrons - making absolute predictions of nucleon spin structure is generally difficult, especially as a function of its quark and gluon longitudinal momentum fraction x. Measurements involving nucleon spin structure serve as a sensitive test for QCD, including ab-initio lattice QCD calculations due to the advent of the quasi-PDF formalism, and various predictions that diverge at large-x. The neutron spin asymmetry An 1 at high?x is a key observable for probing nucleon spin structure. In the valence domain (x > 0.5), sea effects are expected to be negligible, and so the total nucleon spin is considered to be carried by the valence quarks. The valence region can therefore enable us to study the role of quark OAM and other non-perturbative effects of the strong force. An 1 was measured in the deep inelastic scattering region of 0.40 < x < 0.75 and 6 < Q2 < 10 GeV2 in Hall C at Jefferson Lab using a 10.4 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam, upgraded polarized 3He target, and the High Momentum Spectrometer (HMS) and Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS). E12- 06-110 provides the first precision data in the valence quark region above x = 0.60, and its preliminary results proved consistent with earlier data disqualifying a pQCD model that excluded quark OAM. Combined with previous world proton data, the ratio of the polarized-to-unpolarized up quark momentum distribution (?u + ?u)/(u + u) remained positive at large-x, and the down quark (?d + ?d)/(d + d) remained negative.

Rehfuss, Melanie↗
DOE OSTI2022

MIRACL Co-Simulation Platform Lab assets and tools integration

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's (PNNL) co-simulation platform (CSP) for the Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) project, also known as MIRACL-CSP, is a functional layer designed and developed to oversee the operational exchanges of data at the application level to and from different resources residing on the MIRACL Data Hub shared platform. MIRACL-CSP allows virtual interactions between various data hub resources during co-simulation runtime.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Data Exploration of UAV Flights Recorded on Smartphones

The increasing accessibility and technological advancements of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) pose legitimate concerns to nuclear non-proliferation efforts. To deter and combat unwanted or nefarious UAV activity near or around nuclear sensitive sites, the ability to quickly and easily detect drones becomes vital. Our team is exploring the use of ubiquitous smartphones as multi-modal sensors (microphone, accelerometer, gyroscope, etc.) to meet this challenge. In conjunction with Idaho National Lab, two UAV flight tests and one stationary in-air test were conducted and recorded with eight Samsung Galaxy S8 smartphones. This work presents initial characterization and annotation of acoustic signals associated with UAV activity.

46 - INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AN↗
DOE OSTI2026

Discovery of Probabilistic Dirichlet-to-Neumann Maps on Graphs

Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps enable the coupling of multiphysics simulations across computational subdomains by ensuring continuity of state variables and fluxes at artificial interfaces. We present a novel method for learning Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps on graphs using Gaussian processes, specifically for problems where the data obey a conservation law arising from an underlying partial differential equation. Our approach combines discrete exterior calculus and nonlinear optimal recovery to infer relationships between vertex and edge values. This framework yields data-driven predictions with uncertainty quantification across the entire graph, even when observations are limited to a subset of vertices and edges. By minimizing the reproducing kernel Hilbert space norm while penalizing kernel complexity through maximum likelihood estimation, our method ensures that the resulting surrogate strictly enforces conservation laws without overfitting. We demonstrate our method on two representative applications: subsurface flow in fracture networks and arterial blood flow. Finally, the results demonstrate that the method maintains high accuracy and well-calibrated uncertainty estimates even under severe data scarcity, highlighting its potential for scientific applications where limited data and reliable uncertainty quantification are critical.

Dirichlet-to-Neumann map↗
DOE OSTI2022

DD-AADL

Data Driven Anderson Acceleration for Physics Informed Neural Networks to solve high dimensional partial differential equations

Lupo Pasini, Massimiliano [Oak Ridge National Lab.↗
DOE OSTI2023

VTK-m v. 2.0

VTK-m is a toolkit of scientific visualization algorithms for emerging processor architectures. VTK-m supports the fine-grained concurrency for data analysis and visualization algorithms required to drive extreme scale computing by providing abstract models for data and execution that can be applied to a variety of algorithms across many different processor architectures.

Moreland, Kenneth [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL),↗
DOE OSTI2026

DIVA/DeviceEditor v6.1.2

DIVA is an end-to-end DNA design and construction management platform that streamlines how researchers design, build, and receive sequence-verified DNA constructs. Through a web-based BioCAD interface (DeviceEditor), researchers independently design DNA constructs and submit them to a centralized queue with a single action. Designs progress transparently through standardized states which allow researchers to track status and access finished constructs via a central DNA repository. Submitted designs are reviewed by dedicated staff for feasibility and optimization, reducing costly failures and improving downstream execution. Automated DNA assembly software optimizes construction strategies by reusing existing parts where possible and sourcing synthetic DNA only when needed. Standardized, sequence-agnostic assembly methods enable many independent constructs to be built in parallel using lab automation, dramatically increasing throughput. High-throughput next-generation sequencing is used to verify construct accuracy, with flexible platforms selected based on task requirements. Throughout the process, detailed success and failure data are captured and analyzed, enabling continuous improvement of assembly protocols. Compared to traditional, manual DNA construction workflows, DIVA offers higher scalability, transparency, reproducibility, and data-driven optimization.

Plahar, Hector [Lawrence Berkeley National Laborat↗
DOE OSTI2026

Challenges and Opportunities for Electric Utility Modeling and Asset Valuation Frameworks: Case Study on Valuing New Pumped Storage Hydropower

Asset valuation by electric utilities is becoming increasingly difficult in the rapidly changing electric sector. Rapid deployment of variable generation and inverter-based storage systems along with uncertain demand growth, climate, policies, and other factors create a challenging environment for understanding the value proposition of a new potential asset. This report describes an effort between the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and three U.S. Department of Energy laboratories to perform a detailed review of utility modeling and analysis practices for asset valuation and identify challenges and opportunities for advancing its methods into the future. It focuses on a case study of new potential pumped storage hydropower (PSH) because of growing interest in new PSH capacity to provide energy balancing, firm capacity, and a range of ancillary services. Staff from the DOE labs conducted systematic interviews about current practices in capacity expansion modeling, production-cost modeling, hydrological modeling, and transmission stability modeling while also discussing how scenario analysis is conducted and how models and data are integrated. The effort resulted in a set of model, integration, and scenario recommendations that could be valuable to TVA, other utilities, system operators, and other stakeholders conducting integrated grid analysis. Individual model recommendations suggest exploring computational tradeoffs with detail and resolution across spatiotemporal structure, supply- and demand-side details, transmission overlays, market interactions, and ancillary services. Automated processes to pass data between models and conduct larger scenario suites could also enhance valuation practices by enabling a more consistent study of asset value across a broader range of uncertain future grid conditions where PSH could be particularly valuable. TVA and other industry stakeholders can learn from and adapt applied research-grade methods developed by DOE laboratories and other research institutions to improve decision making and accelerate progress towards a reliable, economic, sustainable energy system.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Measuring Neutron Polarisation in Deuteron Photo-disintegration with the CLAS Start Counter [Thesis]

Deuteron photo-disintegration (γd → γp) is a reaction that represents the simplest case in which nuclear and hadron physics models can be tested. Despite this, associated polarization analyses are limited in terms of angular coverage and energy ranges, especially in observables related to the recoil neutron. This is largely due to a lack in dedicated polarimetry equipment, and represents a roadblock in global progress to understand high-energy phenomena such as hexaquarks, and quark-gluon degrees of freedom. To address this problem, this PhD thesis pioneers a new methodology for the parasitic measurement of nucleon polarization using kinematic reconstruction of (spin-dependent) nucleon-nucleus scattering of reaction products, prior to their detection in large acceptance particle detector apparatus. Following this novel approach, which requires no dedicated polarimeter, a determination of the double polarization observable, $C^n_{x'}$, from deuteron photo-disintegration is presented, using Jefferson Lab’s CLAS detector. The analysis utilizes the (n,p) charge exchange reaction in CLAS’s "start counter" (plastic scintillator) to determine the final state neutron polarizations. The results present the first ever data for this observable above 0.7 GeV (photon beam energy) and significantly extend the angular range of the world data set. This new data is largely statistically consistent with the previous measurement of $C^n_{x'}$ by Bashkanov et al . in the overlapping energy range of 0.4-0.7 GeV. It is planned for the statistical accuracy of the presented result to be increased by the inclusion of additional data. The analysis herein serves as a key proof of concept for future applications, including a recommended similar analysis to be implemented with data from the more modern CLAS12 detector. This paves the way for a plethora of additional analyses using existing data sets that would provide crucial new constraints for hadron and nuclear physics.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Multiview Incomplete Knowledge Graph Integration with application to cross-institutional EHR data harmonization

Objective: The growing availability of electronic health records (EHR) data opens opportunities for integrative analysis of multi-institutional EHR to produce generalizable knowledge. A key barrier to such integrative analyses is the lack of semantic interoperability across different institutions due to coding differences. We propose a Multiview Incomplete Knowledge Graph Integration (MIKGI) algorithm to integrate information from multiple sources with partially overlapping EHR concept codes to enable translations between healthcare systems. Methods: The MIKGI algorithm combines knowledge graph information from (i) embeddings trained from the co-occurrence patterns of medical codes within each EHR system and (ii) semantic embeddings of the textual strings of all medical codes obtained from the Self-Aligning Pretrained BERT (SAPBERT) algorithm. Due to the heterogeneity in the coding across healthcare systems, each EHR source provides partial coverage of the available codes. MIKGI synthesizes the incomplete knowledge graphs derived from these multi-source embeddings by minimizing a spherical loss function that combines the pairwise directional similarities of embeddings computed from all available sources. MIKGI outputs harmonized semantic embedding vectors for all EHR codes, which improves the quality of the embeddings and enables direct assessment of both similarity and relatedness between any pair of codes from multiple healthcare systems. Results: With EHR co-occurrence data from Veteran Affairs (VA) healthcare and Mass General Brigham (MGB), MIKGI algorithm produces high quality embeddings for a variety of downstream tasks including detecting known similar or related entity pairs and mapping VA local codes to the relevant EHR codes used at MGB. Based on the cosine similarity of the MIKGI trained embeddings, the AUC was 0.918 for detecting similar entity pairs and 0.809 for detecting related pairs. For cross-institutional medical code mapping, the top 1 and top 5 accuracy were 91.0% and 97.5% when mapping medication codes at VA to RxNorm medication codes at MGB; 59.1% and 75.8% when mapping VA local laboratory codes to LOINC hierarchy. When trained with 500 labels, the lab code mapping attained top 1 and 5 accuracy at 77.7% and 87.9%. MIKGI also attained best performance in selecting VA local lab codes for desired laboratory tests and COVID-19 related features for COVID EHR studies. Compared to existing methods, MIKGI attained the most robust performance with accuracy the highest or near the highest across all tasks. Conclusions: The proposed MIKGI algorithm can effectively integrate incomplete summary data from biomedical text and EHR data to generate harmonized embeddings for EHR codes for knowledge graph modeling and cross-institutional translation of EHR codes.

Zhou, Doudou↗
DOE OSTI2025

A comparison of surrogate constitutive models for viscoplastic creep simulation of HT-9 steel

Mechanistic microstructure-informed constitutive models for the mechanical response of polycrystals are a cornerstone of computational materials science. However, as these models become increasingly more complex – often involving coupled differential equations describing the effect of specific deformation modes – their associated computational costs can become prohibitive, particularly in optimization or uncertainty quantification tasks that require numerous model evaluations. To address this challenge, surrogate constitutive models that balance accuracy and computational efficiency are highly desirable. Data-driven surrogate models, that learn the constitutive relation directly from data, have emerged as a promising solution. In this work, we develop two local surrogate models for the viscoplastic response of a steel: a piecewise response surface method and a mixture of experts model. These surrogates are designed to adapt to complex material behavior, which may vary with material parameters or operating conditions. The surrogate constitutive models are applied to creep simulations of HT-9 steel, an alloy of considerable interest to the nuclear energy sector due to its high tolerance to radiation damage, using training data generated from viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) simulations. In conclusion, we define a set of test metrics to numerically assess the accuracy of our surrogate models for predicting viscoplastic material behavior, and show that the mixture of experts model outperforms the piecewise response surface method in terms of accuracy.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Deep Exclusive p 0 Electroproduction Measured in Hall A at Jefferson Lab with the Upgraded CEBAF

Our understanding of the proton's structure in terms of its fundamental degrees of freedom, quarks and gluons, is incomplete. Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) can enhance our understanding of the partonic structure of the proton as it includes the correlation between the momentum and transverse position of partons. Exclusive electroproduction of the pion (ep→e'p'π 0 ) is one of the potential channels to access the GPDs. GPDs are defined at the Bjorken limit where the total amplitude can be factorized in a hard scattering of the photon off the quark and a soft part described by the GPDs. At sufficiently high Q 2 , a factorization scheme for exclusive meson production processes exists but only for longitudinally polarized virtual photons. As long as the longitudinally polarized virtual photons dominate the cross-section, we can have factorization and extract the GPDs. But the existing data for π 0 production at low Q 2 and low x B show the dominance of transverse part of the cross-section over the longitudinal one. Some transversity GPD models have found that an effective way to factorize the contribution from transversely polarized virtual photons to explain the dominance of σ T over σ L , shown by existing data. The experiment E12-06-114 ran in experimental Hall A during 2014-2016. The primary goal of this experiment was to measure the DVCS cross-section but the experimental configuration also allows the measurement of deep exclusive π 0 production. Taking advantage of the upgraded CEBAF at Jefferson Lab, we explored the high Bjorken-x (0.60) and high Q 2 regime for the first time. The extracted cross-section terms for π 0 production helps us to test the validity of QCD factorization in our kinematic regime. Our π 0 production results can be used to test and improve the existing models of proton structure. Cross-section results will be presented at two different Q 2 values for fixed x B of 0.60.

Karki, Bishnu↗
DOE OSTI2021

Report on High Energy Arcing Fault Experiments

This report documents an experimental program designed to investigate High Energy Arcing Fault (HEAF) phenomena for medium voltage electrical switchgear containing aluminum conductors. This report covers full-scale laboratory experiments using representative nuclear power plant (NPP) three-phase electrical equipment. Electrical, thermal, and pressure data were recorded for each experiment and documented in this report. This report covers four of the fourteen planned medium voltage electrical enclosure experiments. Subsequent reports will document the additional experiments performed in the future. The experiments were performed at KEMA Labs located in Chalfont, Pennsylvania. The experimental design, setup, and execution were completed by staff from the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and KEMA. In addition, representatives from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) observed some of the experimental setups and execution. The HEAF experiments were performed on four near-identical units of General Electric metal-clad medium voltage switchgear. The three-phase arcing fault was initiated on the primary cable connection bus. All four experiments used the same system voltage (6.9 kV) but varied the current and duration. Real-time electrical operating conditions, including voltage, current and frequency, were measured during the experiments. Heat fluxes and incident energies were measured with plate thermometers and slug calorimeters at various locations around the electrical enclosures. Internal enclosure pressures were measured during the experiments. The experiments were documented with normal and high-speed videography, infrared imaging, and photography. Insights from the experimental series included timing information related to enclosure breach, event progression, mass loss measurements for electrodes and steel enclosures, peak pressure rise, particle analysis, along with visual and thermal imaging data to better understand and characterize the hazard. These results will be used in subsequent efforts to advance the state of knowledge related to HEAF.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

CLAS Database for Studies of the Structure of Hadrons in Electromagnetic Processes

The CLAS Physics Database (CLAS DB) has been developed in collaboration between SINP at MSU and Hall B at Jefferson Lab. CLAS DB contains most experimental results on inclusive, semi-inclusive, and exclusive reactions on proton and nuclei obtained with the CLAS detector. The substantial part of these experimental results represents the only data sets available in the world. The results and analysis tools provided by the CLAS DB are of particular importance for studies of the structure of the ground and excited hadron states, offering insight into strong nonperturbative QCD dynamics, which underlie the generation of hadrons from quarks and gluons.

Chesnokov, V. V.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Utah FORGE: LBNL Reports on VEMP Electromagnetic Data Collection and Processing - 2024

This archive contains reports related to Vertical Electromagnetic Profiling (VEMP) tool data collection and processing at Utah FORGE in 2024. The first report describes LBNL's effort to collect electromagnetic geophysical data with the tool in well 78-32B and a downhole electrode in well 16A. The second report describes the final data acquisition and processing of the VEMP electromagnetic data collected at the Utah FORGE site in May of 2024. Also included are a noise analysis as well as a comparison of the data to numerical models. This was originally presented as a paper at the 2025 Stanford Geothermal Workshop.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Probing interspecies metabolic interactions within a synthetic binary microbiome using genome-scale modeling

Metabolic interactions within a microbial community play a key role in determining the structure, function, and composition of the community. However, due to the complexity and intractability of natural microbiomes, limited knowledge is available on interspecies interactions within a community. In this work, using a binary synthetic microbiome, a methanotroph-photoautotroph (M-P) coculture, as the model system, we examined different genome-scale metabolic modeling (GEM) approaches to gain a better understanding of the metabolic interactions within the coculture, how they contribute to the enhanced growth observed in the coculture, and how they evolve over time. Using batch growth data of the model M-P coculture, we compared three GEM approaches for microbial communities. Two of the methods are existing approaches: SteadyCom, a steady state GEM, and dynamic flux balance analysis (DFBA) Lab, a dynamic GEM. We also proposed an improved dynamic GEM approach, DynamiCom, for the M-P coculture. SteadyCom can predict the metabolic interactions within the coculture but not their dynamic evolutions; DFBA Lab can predict the dynamics of the coculture but cannot identify interspecies interactions. DynamiCom was able to identify the cross-fed metabolite within the coculture, as well as predict the evolution of the interspecies interactions over time. A new dynamic GEM approach, DynamiCom, was developed for a model M-P coculture. Constrained by the predictions from a validated kinetic model, DynamiCom consistently predicted the top metabolites being exchanged in the M-P coculture, as well as the establishment of the mutualistic N-exchange between the methanotroph and cyanobacteria. The interspecies interactions and their dynamic evolution predicted by DynamiCom are supported by ample evidence in the literature on methanotroph, cyanobacteria, and other cyanobacteria-heterotroph cocultures.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Report on High Energy Arcing Fault Experiments: Experimental Results from Low-Voltage Switchgear Enclosures

This report documents an experimental program designed to investigate High Energy Arcing Fault (HEAF) phenomena for low-voltage metal enclosed switchgear containing aluminum conductors. This report covers full-scale laboratory experiments using representative nuclear power plant (NPP) three-phase electrical equipment. Electrical, thermal, and pressure data were recorded for each experiment and documented in this report. This report covers experiments performed on two low-voltage switchgear units with each unit consisting of two vertical sections. The data collected supports characterization of the low-voltage HEAF hazard and these results will be used to support potential improvements in fire probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methods. The experiments were performed at KEMA Labs located in Chalfont, Pennsylvania. The experimental design, setup, and execution were completed by staff from the NRC, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and KEMA. In addition, representatives from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) observed some of the experimental setup and execution. The HEAF experiments were performed between August 26 and Augsut 29, 2019 on nearidentical Westinghouse Type DS low-voltage metal-enclosed indoor switchgear. The threephase arcing fault was initiated on the aluminum main bus or in select cases on the copper bus stabs near the breaker. These experiments used either nominal 480 volts AC or 600 volts AC. Durations of the experiments ranged from approximately 0.4 s to 8.3 s with fault currents ranging from approximately 9.2 kA to 19.3 kA. Real-time electrical operating conditions, including voltage, current and frequency, were measured during the experiments. Heat fluxes and incident energies were measured with plate thermometers, radiometers, and slug calorimeters at various locations around the electrical enclosures. Environmental measurements of breakdown, conductivity and electromagnetics were also taken. The experiments were documented with normal and high-speed videography, infrared imaging and photography. The results, while limited, indicated the difficulty in maintaining and sustaining low-voltage arcs on aluminum components of sufficient duration and at a single point as observed operating experience.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Neutron spectral measurements at the BNL NSLS-II synchrotron facility

During the first week of August 2022, Tim Gildea of Los Alamos National Laboratory’s (LANL) RP-SVS group performed a series of neutron spectral measurements at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) 3GeV facility located at Brookhaven National Lab (BNL)1 . These measurements were conducted under Memorandum Purchase Order (MPO) 413911 with the objective of gaining an accurate understanding of the photoneutron fields generated under normal and selected fault conditions. The spectral data collected during the course of the study was analyzed at LANL and the results form the basis of this report.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗