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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2022

CTF Theory Manual: Version 4.3

Coolant-Boiling in Rod Arrays—Two Fluids (COBRA-TF) is a thermal/hydraulic (T/H) simulation code designed for light water reactor (LWR) vessel analysis. It uses a two-fluid, three-field (i.e., fluid film, fluid drops, and vapor) modeling approach. Both subchannel and three-dimensional Cartesian forms of its governing equations are available for the solution. The code was originally developed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory in 1980, and had been used and modified by several institutions over the last few decades. COBRA-TF also found use at the Pennsylvania State University (PSU) by the Reactor Dynamics and Fuel Modeling Group (RDFMG) and has been improved, updated, and subsequently rebranded as CTF. CTF was later adopted in the early 2010s by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for use in the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) program, which led to a significant advancement of the code software quality, modeling accuracy, testing systems, and capabilities for improved support of modeling of common LWR nominal and transient behavior. As part of the improvement process, it was necessary to generate sufficient documentation for the public domain code which had lacked such material upon being adopted by RDFMG. This document serves as a theory manual for CTF, detailing the many two-phase heat transfer, drag, and important accident scenario models contained in the code, as well as the numerical solution process utilized. Additional documents available in the CTF documentation suite include the user manual and verification and validation manual.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Citadels Final Report (GMLC 2.2.1: Citadels)

This is the final project report for the Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium (GMLC) Resilient Distribution System (RDS) Citadels project. The primary goal of this GMLC project was to increase the operational flexibly of power systems by engaging microgrids distributedly, coordinated using consensus algorithms. The primary goal was successfully achieved. The primary goal was divided into three areas: Implement peer-to-peer control between microgrid controllers using the Open Field Message Bus (OpenFMB) approach; Develop and implement consensus algorithms on commercially available hardware that allows a group of microgrids to distributedly implement operational controls; Develop the architectures and controls to enable groups of microgrids to coordinate their operations to support the bulk power system during abnormal events, and end-use loads in the event the bulk power systems fail.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Catalytic Upgrading of Bio-based Furfural to 1,5-Pentanediol: A New Renewable Monomer for the Coatings Industry

This report summarizes the results of a collaborative effort between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Pyran™ Inc. to utilize modeling capabilities developed by the CCPC (Consortium for Computational Physics and Chemistry) to assist Pyran in scaling up its proprietary process for thermocatalytic conversion of furfural to 1,5 pentanediol (PDO). Pyran’s bio-based PDO is a direct replacement for petroleum-based PDO and 1,6 hexanediol (HDO) currently used in polymers, additives, coatings, adhesives and sealants. The current market is in excess of $1B/yr. According to Pyran, their production process results in 95+% reduction in fossil CO 2 at lower production costs compared to the existing petroleum-based routes for PDO & HDO. Other chemicals based on intermediates from this process have current markets in excess of $10B/yr.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Technologist in Residence for Advanced Manufacturing and Materials in Unconventional Oil and Gas Equipment and Infrastructure

The DOE Technologist in Residence (TIR) program pairs a senior technical staff member from a National Laboratory (Lab Technologist), and a senior technical staff member(s) from a clean energy manufacturing company or consortium of companies (Industry Technologist). Each technologist may represent single or multiple national laboratories, or single or multiple companies. These pairs of Lab and industry technologists work together for a period of 18 to 24 months to accomplish several goals: 1) Identify the participating company’s (or companies’) technical priorities and challenges, and the resources and capabilities in DOE’s National Laboratories that may be highly suitable to address them; 2) Propose collaborative R&D efforts to develop science-based solutions to the company’s (or companies’) most strategic scientific, technological, and business issues; and 3) Develop a general framework agreement and begin developing specific scopes of work for the proposed collaborative R&D efforts. The proposed R&D will then take place outside of the program and will not use TIR program funds. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Pioneer Natural Resources were awarded a TIR project by DOE in late 2016 and the CRADA component of the project was initiated in 2017. This report describes work performed under the CRADA agreement between 2017 and 2020.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Energy Services Interface: Requirements Document

This energy services interface (ESI) requirements document represents a process step in the path for creating an ESI specification, which will describe the technical characteristics of an ESI. This document outlines the concepts that need to be covered in the ESI specification, such as principal functions of the ESI, grid services communicated through the ESI, and the ESI lifecycle. It provides context for the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium (GMLC) to engage industry participants in the development of the ESI specification. To do this, it describes the desired contents of the ESI specification and provides examples of the type of material that needs to be included in it. The purpose of the ESI specification is to define the requirements that are to be addressed in information and communications technology (ICT) interface standards for enabling the integration of a facility containing responsive distributed energy resources (DER facility) to an electric system consistent with the fundamental ESI principles. In this context, a DER facility may consist of a single DER with a communicating controller or may be as complex as a microgrid campus with several buildings and many DERs. The ESI specification is not a technical interface standard, but the requirements in the specification can be used to check that existing, augmented, or new interface standards meet the interoperability requirements of the ESI concept, which is explained further in this document. In this way, the ESI specification can be used to guide standards advancement work in multiple standards development organizations. To explain the scope of the ESI specification, this ESI requirements document provides examples of situations (or illustrative applications) for using an ESI to coordinate DER flexibility for grid operations. These examples originate from foundational work for describing common grid-DER service agreements that are anticipated to be supported using this interface.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

2023 SAGE-Camp Report

The 7 th Summer Physics Camp for Young Women was successfully held in person in 2023 from June 5 th to 16 th at the New Mexico School for the Arts in Santa Fe, NM at Hilo Intermediate School in Hawaii. This year’s camp was dedicated to the topic of Energy Security and was made possible thanks to the strong collaboration of Los Alamos, Sandia and Hawaii teams and the logistical and financial support of Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico Consortium, SAGE- Moore Foundation, LANL Foundation, ACS, IEE, APS four corners, N3B, Hawaii Museum of Science and Technology, New Mexico School for the Arts (NMSA) and Tech Source. The camp mobilized more than 120 volunteers who made the camp a success. The camp is free of charge to the students and included free lunch and snacks for the busy brains to have plenty of energy, also included all materials needed for the hands-on activities (like drone building, crystal structure, solar panels, wind turbine fabrication, soldering, coding etc) and also a stipend for students who attended for the full two weeks and for two educators and two student mentors in NM. The camp offered 32 high school students from New Mexico and 8 from Hawaii a unique opportunity to explore science topics and meet a broad range of role model professionals across STEM fields including astrophysics, cybersecurity, Energy fields, space science, engineering, biophysics, environmental science, robotics, computer science, nuclear engineering, radiological science, physics and chemistry. With nearly 120 volunteers who came mainly from Los Alamos National Laboratory (66%) and Sandia national laboratories (18%), two funded educators from NM, Dr. Weldon Beauchamp and Dr. Ellee Cook, and two educators from Hilo, Dr. Pascale Creek Pinner and LeAnn Ragasa, the camp was educationally sound and extremely varied. The collaboration with school educators is critical for the goal of this camp to not only impact students' lives but also improve STEM education in NM and Hawaii. The ultimate goal of the camp is to increase higher education aspirations of students, empower them to consider careers in STEM and learn more about the opportunities available to them in our local colleges and DOE National Laboratories. In addition, the camp also hired 2 past students as student mentors, Megan Odom and Elisea Jackson, who currently attend NMSA and were students at the camp in 2022 when it was virtual. The in-person camp which aims at empowering under-represented minorities in STEM in our community received more than 52 applications this year from all over NM and 8 applications from Hawaii. Our selection criteria are based on diversity, equity and inclusion, and students for whom the camp can be a life-changing opportunity are given a chance to attend the camp. During COVID, the camp was held virtually and gave the opportunity to students from remote areas in NM and Hawaii to attend from their homes. This year, fantastic families supported students everyday even when home was in remote areas in NM like Lea county, Sandoval county, Bernalillo or Mora county. The organizers hope next year they can offer a residential option for students from remote areas.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Designing Resilient Communities: A Consequence-Based Approach for Grid Investment Report Series (Final Report)

As part of the project “Designing Resilient Communities (DRC): A Consequence-Based Approach for Grid Investment,” funded by the United States (US) Department of Energy’s (DOE) Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium (GMLC), Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) partnered with a variety of government, industry, and university participants to develop and test a framework for community resilience planning focused on modernization of the electric grid. This report provides a summary of the development, description, and demonstration of the resulting Resilient Community Design Framework.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Los Alamos National Laboratory Internal Audit Strategic Plan

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL or the Laboratory) is managed under a management and operations (M&O) contract by Triad National Security, LLC (Triad), a nonprofit, public-focused consortium that includes Battelle Memorial Institute, the Texas A&M University System, and the University of California. The Internal Audit Group (IA) at LANL creates a formal strategic plan every five years in order to establish longer-range goals and initiatives to ensure the group fulfills its purpose as established in the Audit Charter, conforms with relevant standards, and is focused on continuous improvement. This document establishes the five-year strategic plan for fiscal year’s (FY) 2024 - 2028.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Expanding the Solar Workforce through the Illinois Community College System

The Illinois Green Economy Network (IGEN) is a consortium of all 39 Illinois community college districts working to grow the green economy in the state. The network aims to build capacity in sustainability and transform education by connecting business/industry and educators to resources, curating information and tools, cultivating partnerships, and advocating for change. Led by IGEN, the goal of the “Expanding the Solar Workforce through the Illinois Community College System” project was to create and sustain a comprehensive, statewide strategy that equips education and training providers, workers, businesses, and communities with resources and tools to prepare a solar workforce. A cohort of five Illinois community colleges participated in the program based on their capacity and interest, as well as their potential for and proximity to industry growth in the state: City Colleges of Chicago, John A. Logan College, Kankakee Community College, Lewis and Clark Community College, and Lincoln Land Community College. The project had three Objectives, 1) Address an unmet need by increasing the pool of skilled solar workers, 2) Keep pace with evolving needs of the solar workforce by improving programs to be more accessible and industry-driven, 3) Strengthen IGEN’s capacity as a statewide resource for solar education, training, and workforce initiatives. Overall, over 400 students were trained in solar installation practices, with over 40 businesses engaged. Additionally. the project spurred a number of innovations and the development of effective practices related to establishing and maintaining a solar installation program at a community college. This project sought to identify effective and scalable practices for developing a solar installation program which included the following components: enrolling students into aligned programs; developing curriculum and courses which meet industry needs; placing students in solar installation or related employment; and sustaining programming past grant funding. Through this project- IGEN was able to identify critical components of a solar installation program. Detailed further in this report these components describe 1) Necessary conditions for establishing a solar installation program, 2) Program structures use cases for different contexts, 3) Effective practices related to student pipeline development and program throughout. As a result of this project- all five participating community colleges have expressed support for continuing to offer solar installation training to their students. Additionally, three nonparticipating colleges in IGEN have expressed interest in adopting practice, courses, or curriculum developed through this program. IGEN has also committed to making the curriculum, course structure and other materials available on their website for accelerated adoption of effective practices both state and nationwide.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

LightMAT: Continous Fiber Malleable Thermoset Composites with sub-1-minute dwell times; validation of impact performance and evaluation of the efficacy of the compression forming process

Recent major advances in polymer chemistry are enabling a paradigm shift in the area of processing and re-processing/recycling of advanced composite materials. Inexpensive compression molding with short cycle times, traditionally available for thermoplastic composites only, are now possible for the thermoset resins based on polyimine chemistry. Participant will collaborate with the LightMAT consortium Labs ORNL, SNL, and PNNL to non-destructively characterize microscopic structural defects (such as voids and resin-rich areas), and perform high speed impact characterization of its malleable thermoset CFRP's. This work is critical to the validation and adoption of these materials for the automotive market and towards DOE-VTO lightweighting mission objectives.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Accelerating Engineered Microbe Optimization through Machine Learning and Multi-Omics Datasets [Abstract]

The Agile Biofoundry (ABF) is a multi-national lab consortium funded by the DOE Bioenergy Technologies Office that has developed a biofoundry enabling the rapid deployment of bioproducts into the market. The ABF is a flexible platform that can adjust to the needs of numerous government, academic and industrial partners, thus enabling them to rapidly develop and optimize the production of a wide range of bioproducts. To demonstrate this capability, three ABF labs (NTESS, LBNL, and PNNL) have collaborated with the biomanufacturer Lygos, Inc. to use the ABF to demonstrate a high-throughput Design-Build-Test-Learn (DBTL) engineering cycle incorporating multi-omics analysis and machine learning with best in industry cycle times.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

CO2 Capture from Biofuels Production and Storage into the Mt Simon Sandstone

Advanced carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies offer significant potential for reducing anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, while minimizing the cost of employing these technologies. Under the Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage (ICCS) Program, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) collaborated with industry in cost-sharing arrangements to demonstrate technologies that captured CO2 emissions from industrial sources and either stored or beneficially re-use them. The technologies included in the ICCS program progressed beyond the research and development stage to a scale that can be deployed into commercial practice within the industry. The Illinois Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage (IL-ICCS) project sought to demonstrate the ability of the Mt. Simon Sandstone to accept and retain industrial-scale volumes of carbon dioxide (CO2) from an anthropogenic source for permanent geologic sequestration. The project was a collaboration of Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Company, the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS), Schlumberger Carbon Services (SCS), and Richland Community College (RCC), and had average annual injection rate of between 1,500 and 2,400 metric tons per day (MTPD) or 0.5 to 0.7 million metric tons (MMT) annually. The project site is in Decatur, Illinois on the property of ADM and RCC (Fig 1) and is directly adjacent to the Illinois Basin – Decatur Project (IBDP), a large scale pilot project of the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC), which collected and injected CO2 from the ADM fuel ethanol production unit, where high purity biogenic CO2 is produced during the anaerobic fermentation of sugars to alcohol. The IL-ICCS project had an operational period of approximately six (6) years, in which 3.5 MMT of CO2 was captured, compressed, injected, and permanently stored in the Mt Simon Sandstone.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2024

Universal Input-Output Model of GFM Functions and Data-Driven Verification Methods

An overarching goal of the UNiversal Interoperability for grid-Forming Inverters (UNIFI) Consortium is to develop vendor agnostic specifications and guidelines that ensure interoperability of gridforming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) without requiring vendors or system operators to reveal proprietary information. These UNIFI principles and specifications are envisioned to apply to a wide range of technologies and systems. The initial work on the UNIFI principles and specifications has focused on performance requirements and high-level aspirational principles outlined in [1]. Going forward, a key question is how to translate such high-level requirements and principles into rigorous specifications that can be enforced and validated for a wide range of IBRs.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

EVSE Characterization, A Next-Gen Profiles Project Report

As part of the U.S. DOE EVs@Scale consortium Next-Generation Profiles project, results and analysis from the characterization of high-power conductive and wireless charging infrastructure are presented. This characterization was conducted over a wide range of DC output current and DC voltage charging for nominal test conditions and off-nominal test conditions. Test plans and procedures were developed to define the test configurations and requirements, measurement parameters, and test procedures used throughout testing. Results from a 2023 study conducted on electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) characterization by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) include one 350 kW capable EVSE using a liquid-cooled combined charging system-1 (CCS-1, North American version) cable and connector and an ORNL-developed 100-kW polyphase wireless charger. Characterization results during nominal operation show the AC-to-DC power transfer efficiency for the 350kW conductive EVSE is 95.1% peak and is >92% when the AC power is at least 50 kW. The power quality of the 350 kW conductive EVSE is also measured during nominal conditions. The power factor is >0.91 for power transfer above 50 kW AC input during nominal conditions with a maximum power factor of 0.975. The AC current harmonics produced by the EVSE as measured at the AC input connection to the EVSE is <25% harmonics for power transfer greater than 50 kW and <10% harmonics for power transfer greater than 180 kW.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

UNIFI Specifications for Grid-Forming Inverter-Based Resources (V. 2)

The UNiversal Interoperability for grid-Forming Inverters (UNIFI) Consortium is addressing fundamental challenges facing the integration of grid-forming (GFM) inverters in electric grids alongside rotating machines and other inverter-based resources (IBRs). This document defines a set of UNIFI Specifications for GFM IBRs that provides requirements from both a power system-level as well as functional requirements at the inverter level that are intended to provide means for vendor-agnostic operation of GFM IBRs at any scale in electric power systems. The specifications are clearly identified and attributed to an IBR plant or an IBR unit throughout the document, where applicable.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

EVs@Scale NextGen Profiles: High Level Analysis and Procedures Report

As part of the U.S. DOE EVs@Scale consortium, the NextGen Profiles (NGP) project presents analysis and results from the study of High Power Charging Electric Vehicles and Battery Charging Infrastructure. High Power Charging equipment is capable of recharging electric vehicle traction batteries at power levels of 200KW and above. The NextGen Profiles project has three pillars of investigation: Electric Vehicle Charging Profile Capture, Electric Vehicle Service Equipment Performance Characterization and Fleet Utilization analysis. All NextGen Profiles project testing was conducted under test conditions that comprise a diverse range of realistic real-world operating conditions including nominal conditions that should transfer the maximum allowable energy in the minimum time possible and off-nominal conditions that typify charging performance under suboptimal charging conditions. Results from 13 unique EVs, eight EVSEs and four electrified fleets are included in the NextGen Profiles project analysis.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2024

High-Power Electric Vehicle Charging Hub Integration Platform (eCHIP): Design Guidelines and Specifications for DC Distribution-Based Charging Hub

Managed under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-funded EVs@Scale Consortium, High-Power Electric Vehicle Charging Hub Integration Platform (eCHIP) project aims to design and develop a high-power, interoperable charging experimental platform to research, develop, and demonstrate the integration and control approaches for a DC distribution-based high-power charging (HPC) system. The eCHIP project addresses the crucial need to design and validate efficient, low-cost, reliable, and interoperable solutions for DC-coupled charging hub ('DC hub' for short). This report explains the design, development, and implementation process of the experimental platform for the DC hub. The utilization of DC distribution holds significant potential for enhancing the operation of an HPC station architecture. However, there are challenges establishing the DC hub, including interoperability, commoditization, distributed energy resource integration, stability, DC protection, and lack of common system level controllers. To address these challenges, a testing setup is required that accommodates commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products as well as novel, in-house designed solutions to evaluate different use cases at rated power and voltage levels.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗