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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 667 records · Page 37
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Matrix Approach to Accelerate Spin-Up of CLM5

Numerical models have been developed to investigate and understand responses of biogeochemical cycle to global changes. Steady state, when a system is in dynamic equilibrium, is generally required to initialize these model simulations. However, the spin-up process that is used to achieve steady state pose a great burden to computational resources, limiting the efficiency of global modeling analysis on biogeochemical cycles. This study introduces a new Semi-Analytical Spin-Up (SASU) to tackle this grand challenge. We applied SASU to Community Land Model version 5 and examined its computational efficiency and accuracy. At the Brazil site, SASU is computationally 7 times more efficient than (or saved up to 86% computational cost in comparison with) the traditional native dynamics (ND) spin-up to reach the same steady state. Globally, SASU is computationally 8 times more efficient than the accelerated decomposition spin-up and 50 times more efficient than ND. In summary, SASU achieves the highest computational efficiency for spin-up on site and globally in comparison with other spin-up methods. It is generalizable to wide biogeochemical models and thus makes computationally costly studies (e.g., parameter perturbation ensemble analysis and data assimilation) possible for a better understanding of biogeochemical cycle under climate change.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Bose-Einstein condensation of triplons close to the quantum critical point in the quasi-one-dimensional spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ antiferromagnet $\mathrm{NaVOPO_4}$

Structural and magnetic properties of a quasi-one-dimensional spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ compound $\mathrm{NaVOPO_4}$ are explored by x-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, high-field magnetization, specific heat, electron spin resonance, and $\mathrm{^{31}P}$ nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, as well as complementary ab initio calculations. Whereas magnetic susceptibility of $\mathrm{NaVOPO_4}$ may be compatible with the gapless uniform spin chain model, detailed examination of the crystal structure reveals a weak alternation of the exchange couplings with the alternation ratio $α ≃ 0.98$ and the ensuing zero-field spin gap $Δ_0/k_B ≃ 2.4 K$ directly probed by field-dependent magnetization measurements. No long-range order is observed down to 50 mK in zero field. However, applied fields above the critical field $H_{c1} ≃ 1.6 T$ give rise to a magnetic ordering transition with the phase boundary $T_N ∝(H - H_{c1})^{\frac{1}{Φ}}$, where $Φ ≃ 1.8$ is close to the value expected for Bose-Einstein condensation of triplons. Finally, with its weak alternation of the exchange couplings and small spin gap, $\mathrm{NaVOPO_4}$ lies close to the quantum critical point.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Glide-plane symmetry and superconducting gap structure of iron-based superconductors

We consider the effect of glide-plane symmetry of the Fe-pnictogen/chalcogen layer in Fe-based superconductors on pairing in spin fluctuation models. Recent theories propose that so-called η-pairing states with nonzero total momentum can be realized and possess such exotic properties as odd parity spin singlet symmetry and time-reversal symmetry breaking. Here we show that when there is orbital weight at the Fermi level from orbitals with even and odd mirror reflection symmetry in z, η pairing is inevitable; however, we conclude from explicit calculation that the gap function appearing in observable quantities is identical to that found in earlier pseudocrystal momentum calculations with 1 Fe per unit cell.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
NASA NTRS1937

Preliminary Tests in the NACA Free-Spinning Wind Tunnel

Typical models and the testing technique used in the NACA free-spinning wind tunnel are described in detail. The results of tests on two models afford a comparison between the spinning characteristics of scale models in the tunnel and of the airplanes that they represent.

Zimmerman, C H↗
DOE OSTI2016

Realization of the Haldane-Kane-Mele Model in a System of Localized Spins

We study a spin Hamiltonian for spin-orbit-coupled ferromagnets on the honeycomb lattice. At sufficiently low temperatures supporting the ordered phase, the effective Hamiltonian for magnons, the quanta of spin-wave excitations, is shown to be equivalent to the Haldane model for electrons, which indicates the nontrivial topology of the band and the existence of the associated edge state. At high temperatures comparable to the ferromagnetic-exchange strength, we take the Schwinger-boson representation of spins, in which the mean-field spinon band forms a bosonic counterpart of the Kane-Mele model. The nontrivial geometry of the spinon band can be inferred by detecting the spin Nernst effect. A feasible experimental realization of the spin Hamiltonian is proposed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

The temperature dependence of vibronic lineshapes: Linear electron-phonon coupling

We calculate the effect of a linear electron-phonon coupling on vibronic transitions of dye molecules of arbitrary complexity. With the assumption of known vibronic frequencies (for instance from quantum-chemical calculations), we give expressions for the absorption or emission lineshapes in a second-order cumulant expansion. We show that the results coincide with those obtained from generalized Redfield theory if one uses the time-local version of the theory and applies the secular approximation. Furthermore, the theory allows to go beyond the Huang-Rhys approximation and can be used to incorporate Dushinsky effects in the treatment of the temperature dependence of optical spectra. We consider both, a pure electron-phonon coupling independent of the molecular vibrations and a coupling bilinear in the molecular vibrational modes and the phonon coordinates. We discuss the behavior of the vibronic density of states for various models for the spectral density representing the coupling of the vibronic system to the harmonic bath. We recover some of the results that have been derived earlier for the spin-boson model and we show that the behavior of the spectral density at low frequencies determines the dominant features of the spectra. In case of the bilinear coupling between the molecular vibrations and the phonons we give analytical expressions for different spectral densities. The spectra are reminiscent of those obtained from the well known Brownian oscillator model and one finds a zero-phonon line and phonon-side bands located at vibrational frequencies of the dye. The intensity of the phonon-side bands diminishes with increasing vibrational frequencies and with decreasing coupling strength (Huang-Rhys factor). It vanishes completely in the Markovian limit where only a Lorentzian zero-phonon line is observed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
NASA NTRS1983

Radiation of sound from unflanged cylindrical ducts

Calculations of sound radiated from unflanged cylindrical ducts are presented. The numerical simulation models the problem of an aero-engine inlet. The time dependent linearized Euler equations are solved from a state of rest until a harmonic solution is attained. A fourth order accurate finite difference scheme is used and solutions are obtained from a fully vectorized Cyber-203 computer program. Cases of both plane waves and spin modes are treated. Spin modes model the sound generated by a turbofan engine. Boundary conditions for both plane waves and spin modes are treated. Solutions obtained are compared with experiments conducted at NASA Langley Research Center.

Hartharan, S. L.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Entanglement and confinement in coupled quantum systems

We study some general properties of coupled quantum systems. We consider simple interactions between two copies of identical Hamiltonians such as the SYK model, Pauli spin chains with random magnetic field and harmonic oscillators. Such couplings make the ground states close to the thermofield double states of the uncoupled Hamiltonians. For the coupled SYK model, we push the numerical computation further towards the thermodynamic limit so that an extrapolation in the size of the system is possible. We find good agreement between the extrapolated numerical result and the analytic result in the large-q limit. We also consider the coupled gauged matrix model and vector model, and argue that the deconfinement is associated with the loss of the entanglement, similarly to the previous observation for the coupled SYK model. The understanding of the microscopic mechanism of the confinement/deconfinement transition enables us to estimate the quantum entanglement precisely, and backs up the dual gravity interpretation which relates the deconfinement to the disappearance of the wormhole. Our results demonstrate the importance of the entanglement between the color degrees of freedom in the emergence of the bulk geometry from quantum field theory via holography.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Enhanced exchange bias effect in size modulated Sm{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3} phase separated manganite

The effect of grain size modulation on exchange bias effect in CE-type antiferromagnetic Sm{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3} phase separated manganite is reported here. With the reduction of particle size, ferromagnetic clusters are found to form in the charge ordered antiferromagnetic matrix and gradually become larger. The horizontal and vertical shifts of the magnetic hysteresis loops in the field cooled magnetization process clearly indicate the size dependent exchange bias effect and it can be tuned with the reduction of particle sizes. The values of exchange bias parameter, i.e., exchange bias field (H{sub E}), coercivity (H{sub C}), remanence asymmetry (M{sub E}), and magnetic coercivity (M{sub C}) are found to depend strongly on the particle size. The variations of H{sub E} follow non-monotonic dependencies with reduction in particle size and show maximum (1205 Oe) at particle size of 150 nm at T = 5 K, which can be ascribed due to the changes in uncompensated surface spins. The values of H{sub E} and M{sub E} are found to decrease exponentially with increasing temperature below the spin- or cluster-glass like freezing temperature. The spin relaxation model has been employed for analysis of large magnetic training effect. The linear relationship between H{sub E} and M{sub E} further confirms the role of uncompensated surface spins. In view of spintronics application of manganites, the present observation of large exchange bias shift in this half-doped manganite may have great technological importance.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Direct comparison of current-induced spin polarization in topological insulator Bi2Se3 and InAs Rashba states

Three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) exhibit time-reversal symmetry protected, linearly dispersing Dirac surface states with spin–momentum locking. Band bending at the TI surface may also lead to coexisting trivial two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) states with parabolic energy dispersion. A bias current is expected to generate spin polarization in both systems, although with different magnitude and sign. Here we compare spin potentiometric measurements of bias current-generated spin polarization in Bi2Se3(111) where Dirac surface states coexist with trivial 2DEG states, and in InAs(001) where only trivial 2DEG states are present. We observe spin polarization arising from spin–momentum locking in both cases, with opposite signs of the measured spin voltage. We present a model based on spin dependent electrochemical potentials to directly derive the sign expected for the Dirac surface states, and show that the dominant contribution to the current-generated spin polarization in the TI is from the Dirac surface states.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1999

Using Model Checking to Validate AI Planner Domain Models

This report describes an investigation into using model checking to assist validation of domain models for the HSTS planner. The planner models are specified using a qualitative temporal interval logic with quantitative duration constraints. We conducted several experiments to translate the domain modeling language into the SMV, Spin and Murphi model checkers. This allowed a direct comparison of how the different systems would support specific types of validation tasks. The preliminary results indicate that model checking is useful for finding faults in models that may not be easily identified by generating test plans.

Penix, John↗
DOE OSTI2025

Coherent Spins in van der Waals Semiconductor GeS 2 at Ambient Conditions

Optically active spin defects in van der Waals (vdW) materials have emerged as versatile quantum sensors, enabling applications for a wide range of quantum phenomena in condensed matter systems. Their ease of exfoliation and compatibility with device integration make them promising candidates for future quantum technologies. Here we report the observation and room-temperature coherent control of ensemble spin defects in the high-temperature crystalline phase of germanium disulfide (β-GeS 2 ), a two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor with low nuclear spin density. The defects exhibit spin-1/2 behavior, and their dynamics can be explained by a weakly coupled spin-pair model. We implement dynamical decoupling techniques to extend the coherence time (T 2 ) by a factor of 20. Finally, we use density functional theory (DFT) calculations to estimate the structures and spin densities of two possible spin defect candidates. This work will help to expand the field of quantum sensing with spin defects in 2D materials.

2D materials↗
DOE OSTI2019

Topological Hall effect and emergent skyrmion crystal at manganite-iridate oxide interfaces

Scalar spin chirality is expected to induce a finite contribution to the Hall response at low temperatures. We observe this spin-chirality-driven Hall effect, known as the topological Hall effect, at the manganite side of the interface between La 1- x Sr x MnO 3 and SrIrO 3 . The ferromagnetic double-exchange hopping at the manganite layer, in conjunction with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction which arises at the interface due to broken inversion symmetry and strong spin-orbit coupling from the iridate layer, could produce a skyrmion-crystal (SkX) phase in the presence of an external magnetic field. Using the Monte Carlo technique and a two-orbital spin-fermion model for manganites, supplemented by an in-plane DM interaction, we obtain phase diagrams which reveal at low temperatures a clear SkX phase and also a low-field spin-spiral phase. Increasing temperature, a skyrmion-gas phase, precursor of the SkX phase upon cooling, was identified. The topological Hall effect primarily appears in the SkX phase, as observed before in oxide heterostructures. We determine that the manganite-iridate superlattices give another useful platform to discover a plethora of unconventional magnetic and transport properties.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensation of spin triplets in the dimerized quantum magnet Ba 2 CuSi 2 O 6 Cl 2

We synthesized single crystals of composition Ba 2 CuSi 2 O 6 Cl 2 and investigated their quantum magnetic properties. The crystal structure is closely related to that of the quasi-two-dimensional (2D) dimerized magnet BaCuSi 2 O 6 also known as Han purple. Ba 2 CuSi 2 O 6 Cl 2 has a singlet ground state with an excitation gap of Δ/k B = 20.8 K. The magnetization curves for two different field directions almost perfectly coincide when normalized by the g factor except for a small jump anomaly for a magnetic field perpendicular to the c axis. The magnetization curve with a nonlinear slope above the critical field is in excellent agreement with exact-diagonalization calculations based on a 2D coupled spin-dimer model. Individual exchange constants are also evaluated using density functional theory (DFT). The DFT results demonstrate a 2D exchange network and weak frustration between interdimer exchange interactions, supported by weak spin-lattice coupling implied from our magnetostriction data. Lastly, the magnetic-field-induced spin ordering in Ba 2 CuSi 2 O 6 Cl 2 is described as the quasi-2D Bose-Einstein condensation of triplets.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Finite Element Modeling of Plastic Deformation During Spin Forming of Aluminum 6061-O

Spin and flow forming are metal deformation techniques in which a disk or tube of material is radially thinned and axially lengthened over a rotating mandrel. A finite-element continuum model (FEM) based on commercial software (DEFORM®) was developed to determine the stress/strain distribution and damage accumulation in a flow-formed, near-net-shape part. Computational validation and experimental verification of the model was leveraged to assess the effectiveness of computer simulations. Quantitative comparisons between experimental and computational results show promise for applying a FEM to the flow forming process. Experimental failure locations correlated well with computed damage gradients, and there was good agreement between the measured and predicted roller forces during forming.

Elizabeth Urig↗
DOE OSTI2015

Constraints on the spin-parity and anomalous HVV couplings of the Higgs boson in proton collisions at 7 and 8 TeV

Our study of the spin-parity and tensor structure of the interactions of the recently discovered Higgs boson is performed using the H→ZZ,Zγ*,γ*γ*→4ℓ, H→WW→ℓνℓν, and H→γγ decay modes. The full data set recorded by the CMS experiment during the LHC run 1 is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 5.1 fb -1 at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and up to 19.7 fb -1 at 8 TeV. A wide range of spin-two models is excluded at a 99% confidence level or higher, or at a 99.87% confidence level for the minimal gravitylike couplings, regardless of whether assumptions are made on the production mechanism. Any mixed-parity spin-one state is excluded in the ZZ and WW modes at a greater than 99.999% confidence level. Under the hypothesis that the resonance is a spin-zero boson, the tensor structure of the interactions of the Higgs boson with two vector bosons ZZ, Zγ, γγ, and WW is investigated and limits on eleven anomalous contributions are set. Furthermore, the tighter constraints on anomalous HVV interactions are obtained by combining the HZZand HWW measurements. All observations are consistent with the expectations for the standard model Higgs boson with the quantum numbers J PC =0 ++ .

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗