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At least 649 records · Page 36
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1989

Identification of rotor flapping equation of motion from flight measurements with the RSRA compound helicopter

The application of an integrated rotorcraft identification method to the linear modeling of rotor system dynamics is studied. Two approaches used to describe the rotor flapping parameters in the rotor state dynamic equations and the period coefficients of the blade flapping equation of motion are presented. In the first approach, the parameters are identified in the nonrotating reference frame; in the second, the blade equivalent damping and spring periodic coefficients as well as other periodic coefficients are identified in the rotating reference frame.

Wang, Ji C.↗
NASA NTRS1990

An experimental and analytical investigation of isolated rotor flap-lag stability in forward flight

The flap-lag stability of an isolated hingeless rotor is investigated, both experimentally and analytically, in hover and in forward flight. The effects of forward flight aerodynamics on regressing lead-lag mode stability are the focus of the investigation. The soft-inplane, three-bladed, isolated model rotor was operated untrimmed at advance ratios from hover to 0.55 and at shaft angles as high as 20 deg. The experimental data base includes forward flight damping data for two lead-lag natural frequencies, for three values of collective pitch, and for both zero and full-lag structural coupling. With the aid of computerized symbolic manipulation, a rigid-blade lag-flap model analysis was developed to calculate the Floquent eigenvalues and to identify the modes. Good correlation is shown for some cases, but other cases show large discrepancies between the theory and experiment.

Gaonkar, Gopal H.↗
NASA NTRS1991

A study of flow separation on an aspect ratio three flap at Mach number 2.4

Static pressure distributions and dark central ground interferometry are used to document the flow on a flap over a range of Reynolds numbers and deflection angles. The pressure profiles and interferograms are analyzed to distinguish laminar, transitional and turbulent flows in attached, incipient and separated cases. Sideplates are used to compare two and three dimensional effects. Data is also presented for extended flaps used to isolate the effect of the trailing edge expansion. The issues of unsteadiness and hysteresis are also addressed.

Coon, Michael D.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Lift enhancement of an airfoil using a Gurney flap and vortex generators

The results of a low-speed wind tunnel test are presented for a single-element airfoil incorporating two lift-enhancing devices, namely a Gurney flap and vortex generators. The former consists of a small plate, on the order of one to two percent of the airfoil chord in height, located at the trailing edge perpendicular to the pressure side of the airfoil. The later consist of commercially-available, wishbone-shaped vortex generators. The test was conducted in the NASA Ames 7- by 10-foot Wind Tunnel with a full-span NACA 4412 airfoil. Measurements of surface pressure distributions and wake profiles were made to determine the lift, drag, and pitching-moment coefficients for the various airfoil configurations. The results indicate that the addition of a Gurney flap increased the maximum lift coefficient from 1.49 up to 1.96.

Storms, Bruce L.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Flap-lag damping in hover and forward flight with a three-dimensional wake

Prediction of lag damping is difficult owing to the delicate balance of drag, induced drag and Coriolis forces in the in-plane direction. Moreover, induced drag is sensitive to dynamic wake, both shed and trailing components, and thus its prediction requires adequate unsteady-wake representation. Accordingly, rigid-blade flap-lag equations are coupled with a three-dimensional finite-state wake model; three isolated rotor configurations with three, four and five blades are treated over a range of thrust levels, Lock numbers, lag frequencies and advance ratios. The investigation includes convergence characteristics of damping with respect to the number of shape functions and harmonics of the wake model for multiblade modes of low frequency (less than 1/rev.) to high frequency (greater than l/rev.). Predicted flap and lag damping levels are then compared with similar predictions with (1) rigid wake (no unsteady induced flow), (2) Loewy lift deficiency, and (3) dynamic inflow.

Manjunath, A. R.↗
NASA NTRS1930

Analytical determination of the load on a trailing edge flap

This report presents a theoretical analysis of the lift on a trailing edge flap. An analytical expression has been derived which enables the computation of the flap load coefficient. The theoretical results seem to show a fair agreement with the meager experimental results which are available.

Pinkerton, Robert M↗
NASA NTRS1939

Pressure-distribution Measurements on a Tapered Wing with a Full-span Split Flap in Curved Flight

Pressure-distribution tests were made on the 32-foot whirling arm of the Daniel Guggenheim Airship Institute of a tapered wing to determine the rolling and yawing moments due to an angular velocity in yaw. The model was tested at 0 degree and 5 degrees pitch, -1 degree and 5 degree yaw, and with a full-span flap deflected 60 degrees. The results are given in the form of span load distributions and in calculated moment coefficients. The rolling-moment coefficients are in fairly close agreement with those derived by means of a simple approximate theory even for high deflection of the full-span flap.

Troller, TH↗
NASA NTRS1939

Pressure-distribution measurements on a rectangular wing with a partial-span split flap in curved flight

Pressure-distribution tests were made on the 32-foot whirling arm of the Daniel Guggenheim Airship Institute of a rectangular wing of NACA 23012 section to determine the rolling and the yawing moment due to angular velocity in yaw. The model was tested at 0 and 5 degree pitch; 0, +/- 5, and +/- 10 degrees yaw; and with no flap and with split flaps 25, 50 and 75 percent of the wing span and deflected 60 degrees. The results are given in the form of span load distributions and as calculated moment coefficients. The experimental values of rolling- and yawing-moment coefficients were in fairly close agreement with theory.

Rokus, Frank G↗
NASA NTRS1939

Resume of air-load data on slats and flaps

A resume of the generally available test data regarding air loads on slats and flaps is presented and data attained up to the fall of 1938 are included. The data are given in the form of N.A.C.A. standard coefficients of air forces and moments on the lift-increasing device and, when available, the aerodynamic characteristics of the combined wing and high-lift device are included. Slats of the Handley Page type, fixed auxiliary airfoils, and flaps of several different types are covered.

Wenzinger, Carl J↗
NASA NTRS1956

Exploratory investigation of the effectiveness of biplane wings with large-chord double slotted flaps in redirecting a propeller slipstream downward for vertical take-off

Results are presented from static-force tests on biplane wings with large-chord double slotted flaps which turn the slipstream of a single counter rotating propeller downward for vertical take-off. The investigation provided information on the effect of chord length, flap deflection, propeller position, end plates, fuselage, and ground proximity on the efficiency of the wing system in turning the propeller slipstream.

HIGH-LIFT DEVICES - COMPLETE WINGS↗
NASA NTRS1955

Longitudinal Stability and Control Characteristics as Determined by the Rocket-model Technique for an Inline, Cruciform, Canard Missile Configuration with a Low-aspect-ratio Wing Having Trailing-edge Flap Controls for a Mach Number Range of 0.7 to 1.

Two full-scale models of an inline, cruciform, canard missile configuration having a low-aspect-ratio wing equipped with flap-type controls were flight tested in order to determine the missile's longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics. Stability derivatives and control and drag characteristics are presented for a range of Mach number from 0.7 to 1.8. Nonlinear lift and moment curves were noted for the angle - of-attack range of this test (0 deg to 8 deg). The aerodynamic-center location for angles of attack near 50 remained nearly constant for supersonic speeds at 13.5 percent of the mean aerodynamic chord; whereas for angles of attack near 0 deg, there was a rapid forward movement of the aerodynamic center as the Mach number increased. At a control deflection of 0 deg, the missile's response to the longitudinal control was in an essentially fixed space plane which was not coincident with the pitch plane as a result of the missile rolling. As a consequence, stability characteristics were determined from the resultant of pitch and yaw motions. The damping-in-pitch derivatives for the two angle -of-attack ranges of the test are in close agreement and varied only slightly with Mach number. The horn-balanced trailing-edge flap was effective in producing angle of attack over the Mach number range.

Baber, Hal T , Jr↗
NASA NTRS1950

Effects of the Lateral Oscillation of Fixing the Rudder and Reflexing the Flaps on the Bell X-1 Airplane

Flight tests have been made on the Bell X-1 airplane having the 10-percent-thick wing and the 8-percent-thick tail to evaluate the effects of fixing the rudder and changing the inclination of the principal axes of inertia by reflexing the landing flaps on the snaking which has been encountered over practically the entire range of Mach number and normal-force coefficient. The data were obtained during power-off glides at altitudes between 32,000 and 16,000 feet. The results showed that fixing the rudder reduced the amplitude of the snaking, but did not eliminate it at a Mach number of 0.84. It was also found that reflexing the flaps to change the inclination of the principal axis of inertia 1 ¾° nose up increased the dynamic lateral stability, but had only a small effect on the snaking oscillation at a Mach number of 0.85.

Hubert M Drake↗
NASA NTRS1928

The Effect of a Flap and Ailerons on the N.A.C.A. M-6 Airfoil Section

This report contains the results obtained at the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory on an N. A. C. A. M-6 airfoil, fitted with a flap and ailerons, and tested in the variable density wind tunnel at a density of 20 atmospheres. Airfoil characteristics are given for the model up to 48 degree angle of attack with the flap set at various angles, and also with the ailerons set at similar angles. The approximate lift distribution and the center of pressure variation along the span are determined with the model at 18 degree angle of attack and with the ailerons displaced at 20 degrees. Approximate rolling moment and yawing moment coefficients are determined for the various aileron settings. A comparison of the calculated angles of zero lift and the calculated lift and moment coefficiencies with those observed is given in the appendix.

Higgins, George J↗
NASA NTRS1935

Wind-tunnel research comparing lateral control devices, particularly at high angles of attack XII : upper-surface ailerons on wings with split flaps

This report covers the twelfth of a series of tests conducted to compare different lateral control devices with particular reference to their effectiveness at high angles of attack. The present wind tunnel tests were made with two sizes of upper-surface ailerons on rectangular Clark Y wing models equipped with full span split flaps. The tests showed the effect of the upper-surface ailerons and of the split flaps on the general performance characteristics of the wings, and on the lateral controllability and stability characteristics. The results are compared with those for plain wings with ordinary ailerons of similar sizes.

Weick, Fred E↗
NASA NTRS1937

An analytical and experimental study of the effect of periodic blade twist on the thrust, torque, and flapping motion of an autogiro rotor

An analysis is made of the influence on autogiro rotor characteristics of a periodic blade twist that varies with the azimuth position of the rotor blade and the results are compared with experimental data. The analysis expresses the influence of this type of twist upon the thrust, torque, and flapping motion of the rotor. The check against experimental data shows that the periodic twist has a pronounced influence on the flapping motion and that this influence is accurately predicted by the analysis. The influence of the twist upon the thrust and torque could be demonstrated only indirectly, but its importance is indicated.

Wheatley, John B↗
NASA NTRS1944

Effects of Small Angles of Sweep and Moderate Amounts of Dihedral on Stalling and Lateral Characteristics of a Wing-Fuselage Combination Equipped with Partial- and Full-Span Double Slotted Flaps

Tests of a wing-fuselage combinations incorporating NACA 65-series airfoil sections were conducted in the NACA 19-foot pressure tunnel. The investigation included the tests with flaps neutral and with partial- and full-span double slotted flaps deflected to determine the effects of (1) variations of wing sweep between -4 degrees and 8 degrees on stalling and lateral stability and control characteristics and (2) variations of dihedral between 0 degree and 6.75 degrees on lateral stability characteristics.

Teplitz, Jerome↗
NASA NTRS1952

Theoretical symmetric span loading due to flap deflection for wings of arbitrary plan form at subsonic speeds

A simplified lifting-surface theory is applied to the problem of evaluating span loading due to flap deflection for arbitrary wing plan forms. With the resulting procedure, the effects of flap deflection on the span loading and associated aerodynamic characteristics can be easily computed for any wing which is symmetrical about the root chord and which has a straight quarter-chord line over the wing semispan. The effects of compressibility and spanwise variation of section lift-curve slope are taken into account by the procedure. The method presented can also be used to calculate the downwash in the vertical center of the wake of a wing which has arbitrary spanwise loading.

Deyoung, John↗
NASA NTRS1952

Method for calculating lift distributions for unswept wings with flaps or ailerons by use of nonlinear section lift data

A method is presented which allows the use of nonlinear section lift data in the calculation of the spanwise lift distribution of unswept wings with flaps or ailerons. This method is based upon lifting line theory and is an extension to the method described in NACA rep. 865. The mathematical treatment of the discontinuity in absolute angle of attack at the end of the flap or aileron involves the use of a correction factor which accounts for the inability of a limited trigonometric series to represent adequately the spanwise lift distribution. A treatment of the apparent discontinuity in maximum section lift coefficient is also described. Simplified computing forms containing detailed examples are given for both symmetrical and asymmetrical lift distributions. A few comparisons of calculated characteristics with those obtained experimentally are also presented.

Sivells, James C↗