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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 649 records · Page 36
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

STS-1 Pogo analysis

Some of the pogo related data from STS-1 are documented. The measurements and data reduction are described. In the data analysis reference is made to FRF and single engine test results. The measurements are classified under major project elements of the space shuttle main engine, the external tank, and the orbiter. The subsystems are structural dynamics and main propulsion. Data were recorded onboard the orbiter with a minimum response rate of 1.5 to 50 Hz. The wideband, 14 track recorder was used, and the data required demultiplexing before reduction. The flight phase of interest was from liftoff through main engine cutoff.

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NASA NTRS1985

Testing an Energy Balance Model for Estimating Actual Evapotranspiration Using Remotely Sensed Data

An energy-balance model is used to estimate daily evapotranspiration for 3 days for a barley field and a wheat field near Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany. The model was calibrated using once-daily estimates of surface temperatures, which may be remotely sensed. The evaporation estimates were within the 95% error bounds of independent eddy correlation estimates for the daytime periods for all three days for both sites, but the energy-balance estimates are generally higher; it is unclear which estimate is biassed. Soil moisture in the top 2 cm of soil, which may be remotely sensed, may be used to improve these evaporation estimates under partial ground cover. Sensitivity studies indicate the amount of ground data required is not excessive.

Gurney, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Lunar Origin: Role of Giant Impacts

The explanation that lunar origin involved giant impacts remains attractive. Large planetesimals are consistent with current accretion models, and may have been widely scattered in the early solar systems; their existence is a reasonably, assumption in Moon origin models. Isotopic data require the Moon's formation primarily from local material resembling Earth's upper mantle, not material from elsewhere in the solar system. Giant impacts are stochastic, class predictable events that would provide the required type of ejected Earth mantle material without requiring large moons to form near other planets (a problem with less stochastic processes). Such material may have mixed with incoming meteorites during lunar formation, affecting lunar chemistry.

Hartmann, W. K.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Shuttle imaging radar-B (SIR-B) data analysis for identifying rainfall event occurrence and intensity

The utility of SIR-B data were evaluated for the detection and measurement of rainfall events, and applications of SIR-B data were developed to the improvement of existing rainfall models. During the SIR-B mission, EarthSat monitored rainfall events occurring within the conterminous United States. The GOES scenes form showed rainfall activity within the conterminous U.S. during the SIR-B mission. Swaths of the actual SIR-B data taken were plotted onto the GOES satellite scenes most closely representing the time of the Shuttle overpass. The JPL provided EarthSat with available SIR-B imagery in paper print form representing the appropriate requested data takes. EarthSat identified the collateral data required for site characterization during subsequent SIR-B contracts with JPL.

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NASA NTRS1985

Solar radiance models for determination of ERBE scanner filter factor

Shortwave spectral radiance models for use in the spectral correction algorithms for the ERBE Scanner Instrument are provided. The required data base was delivered to the ERBe Data Reduction Group in October 1984. It consisted of two sets of data files: (1) the spectral bidirectional angular models and (2) the spectral flux modes. The bidirectional models employ the angular characteristics of reflection by the Earth-atmosphere system and were derived from detailed radiance calculations using a finite difference model of the radiative transfer process. The spectral flux models were created through the use of a delta-Eddington model to economically simulate the effects of atmospheric variability. By combining these data sets, a wide range of radiances may be approximated for a number of scene types.

Arduini, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Potential spin-offs of the carbon dioxide observational platform system (CO-OPS) for remote sensing opportunities

Alternate remote sensing techniques that could utilize the slight losses of energy from the microwave beam which powers the NASA/MSFC Carbon Dioxide Observational Platform System (CO-OPS) to achieve the objectives of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Carbon Dioxide Research Program's regional observational data requirements, ODRs, are addressed heuristically. The opportunity for regional remote sensing of the carbon dioxide and water vapor constituents in the atmosphere are discussed as a potential spin off of the CO-OPS. The CO-OPS is envisioned as a high altitude (approx. 25 km) observational platform system powered by microwave energy for regional observational use by the DOE in their Carbon Dioxide Research Program.

Stephens, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Initial placement of STO instruments

The current plans for the placement of the Solar Terrestrial Observatory (STO) space station will make use of each of the currently planned space station elements - the manned space station, the polar platform, and the coorbiting platform. A designation of the instrument placement on each element along with a summary of the mass, volume, power and data requirements which these instrument will impose is provided in tabular form.

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NASA NTRS1984

Collection of in situ forest canopy spectra using a helicopter - A discussion of methodology and preliminary results

An important part of fundamental remote sensing research is based on the measurement and analysis of spectral reflectance from earth surface materials in situ. It has been found that for an effective analysis of the target of interest, different applications of remotely sensed data require spectral measurements from different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is pointed out that the detailed spectral reflectance characteristics of forest vegetation are currently not well understood, particularly in the middle infrared wavelength region. Details regarding the need for in situ forest canopy measurements are examined, taking into account certain difficulties arising in the case of satellite observations. Because of these difficulties, the present paper provides a discussion of methodology and preliminary spectra based on an experiment to use a helicopter as an observing platform for in situ forest canopy spectra measurement.

Williams, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Test and evaluate passive orbital disconnect struts (PODS 3)

The objectives of the Passive Orbital Disconnect Struts (PODS) test are to evaluate modal resonance of the PODS-III supports to obtain engineering data required for use of PODS-III on flight systems; determine possible performance improvements in large LO2/LH2 space applications. (1) Modal Vibration Tests. A modal resonance survey is performed on a set of six PODS-III struts assembled in a dewar simulator. The survey conditions simulate both launch and orbital loadings of the struts. The orbital load range spans a full to an empty tank. The frequencies surveyed cover the range consistent with Shuttle qualification requirements and the principal resonant modes of the strut system. (2) Benefit study. The benefit of using PODS-III supports on OTV and Space Station LO sub 2 and LH sub 2 reference tanks was compared to nondisconnect supports. Four LO sub 2 and LH sub 2 tanks were studied under various conditions: (1) holding the launch resonance at 35 Hz and varying the orbit resonance; (2) analyzing both full and emtpy tanks at launch; (3) varying orbit boundary temperaure; (4) varying the number of struts; (5) varying orbit times; and (6) using or not using vapor cooling.

Parmley, R. T.↗
NASA NTRS1985

User's guide to STIPPAN: A panel method program for slotted tunnel interference prediction

Guidelines are presented for use of the computer program STIPPAN to simulate the subsonic flow in a slotted wind tunnel test section with a known model disturbance. Input data requirements are defined in detail and other aspects of the program usage are discussed in more general terms. The program is written for use in a CDC CYBER 200 class vector processing system.

Kemp, W. B., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Review of spectroscopic parameters for upper atmospheric measurements

The workshop included communication of spectroscopic data requirements for the planned upper atmosphere research satellite (UARS) mission, review of the status of currently available spectroscopic parameters, and recommendation of additional studies. The objectives were accomplished and resulted in a series of general and specific recommendations for laboratory spectroscopy research to meet the needs of UARS and other atmospheric remote sensing programs.

Smith, M. A. H.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The star system: A production engineering approach to STS

A fundamental change to the way Space Transportation System flight preparation is done is documented. It involves (1) systematic restructuring the Space Transportation System flight preparation task, to minimize its R&D content; (2) development of the Space Transportation Automated Reconfiguration (STAR) system to structure and support the remaining work flow. STAR is an integrated software system providing automation and quality control mechanisms necessary to create a production-like process. This approach was implemented using tools and methodology developed by IBM under NASA contract, to produce payload flight data requirements. It offers increased product quality, reduced cost per flight, and greater responsiveness to change.

Angier, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Mod-5A wind turbine generator program design report. Volume 4: Drawings and specifications, book 2

The design, development and analysis of the 7.3 MW MOD-5A wind turbine generator is documented. There are four volumes. This volume contains the drawings and specifications that were developed in preparation for building the MOD-5A wind turbine generator. This is the second book of volume four. Some of the items it contains are specs for the emergency shutdown panel, specs for the simulator software, simulator hardware specs, site operator terminal requirements, control data system requirements, software project management plan, elastomeric teeter bearing requirement specs, specs for the controls electronic cabinet, and specs for bolt pretensioning.

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NASA NTRS1985

Space station common module power system network topology and hardware development

Candidate power system newtork topologies for the space station common module are defined and developed and the necessary hardware for test and evaluation is provided. Martin Marietta's approach to performing the proposed program is presented. Performance of the tasks described will assure systematic development and evaluation of program results, and will provide the necessary management tools, visibility, and control techniques for performance assessment. The plan is submitted in accordance with the data requirements given and includes a comprehensive task logic flow diagram, time phased manpower requirements, a program milestone schedule, and detailed descriptions of each program task.

Landis, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Initial placement of STO instruments

The current plans for the placement of the Solar Terrestrial Observatory (STO) space station will make use of each of the currently planned space station elements - the manned space station, the polar platform, and the coorbiting platform. A designation of the instrument placement on each element along with a summary of the mass, volume, power and data requirements which these instrument will impose is provided in tabular form.

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NASA NTRS1985

System study of the utilization of space for carbon dioxide research

The objectives included: compiling and selecting the Scientific Data Requirements (SDRs) pertinent to the CO2 Research Program that have the potential to be more successfully achieved by utilizing space-based sensor systems; assessment of potential space technology in monitoring those parameters which may be important first indicators of climate change due to increasing atmospheric CO2, including the behavior of the West Antarctic ice sheet; and determine the potential of space technology for monitoring those parameters to improve understanding of the coupling between CO2 and cloud cover.

Glaser, P. E.↗
NASA NTRS1985

A procedure for space SDR prioritization

It was first necessary to arrive at a common set of attributes which described the relative importance of each Scientific Data Requirement (SDR) to the DOE CO2 Research Program. Many attributes were considered. Some were rejected because they related more to engineering considerations than to scientific ones. Finally four were selected: importance for early detection of CO2-induced effects; need for additional measurements; importance for model inputs; and importance for model outputs. Each SDR was scored on these attributes. These scores were categorical (for example, low, medium, and high) and formed the basis for assigning a relative value to each SDR. For this ranking a methodology based on dominance theory was used. The methodology and the selected SDRs are discussed.

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NASA NTRS1985

Approaches to the utilization of space for CO2 research

A system study of the potential of space technology to monitor climate changes and improve the understanding of the coupling beteen CO2 and cloud cover is summarized. The basis for the study is scientific data requirements pertinent to the U.S. Department of Energy's CO2 Research Program. The capabilities of space-based sensor systems are matched to meet these requirements. New sensor system concepts are identified, including a Space Shuttle-launched recalibration package to provide for continuity of measurement and recalibration between satellites, a high-orbit radiation budget satellite, or parallax sensor to measure cloud altitude, a passive method for the direct measurements of CO2 and a high-altitude powered platform to monitor select regional parameters. Space-based sensor systems that could be the development focus for the time frames of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 years are recommended.

Glaser, P.↗