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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 649 records · Page 36
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1992

Analysis of composite structures with delaminations under combined bending and compression

A methodology had been developed for strength prediction of composite structures with delaminations under combined bending and compression loads. The methodology is an extension of the delamination analysis method developed under the USAF/Boeing/Northrop 'Damage Tolerance of Composites' program. Delamination buckling and strain energy release rate analyses are used as basic tools in the strength prediction. In addition, failure mode interaction and structural configuration effects are considered. The influence of fasteners on the strength of a delaminated structure is incorporated to evaluate assembly-caused delaminations. The capabilities and limitations of the analysis method are shown by correlating the analytical results with the existing experimental data. The failure load, failure mode and failure sequence of a structure containing delaminations are predicted and the analytical results are compared with test data.

Kan, Han-Pin↗
NASA NTRS1994

Motion of the heliospheric termination shock. 4: MHD effects

In this paper we generalize earlier gasdynamic analyses of the motion of the heliospheric termination shock in response to upstream disturbances (Barnes, 1993, 1994; Naidu and Barnes, 1994), to include magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) phenomena. We assume that the termination shock is a strong, perpendicular shock and that the initial upstream disturbance is a tangential discontinuity. The resulting configuration after the interaction is very similar to that in the gasdynamic models after an interaction with a contact discontinuity or interplanetary shock, and for an increase (decrease) in dynamic pressure consists of an outward (inward) propagating termination shock and an outward propagating shock (MHD rarefraction wave) that carries the signal of the disturbance into the far downstream plasma. The plasma immediately behind the new termination shock is separated from the downstream signal by a tangential discontinuity. The results of the model show that the speed of the new termination shock depends mainly on the magnitude of the change in dynamic pressure and are typically of order approximately 100 km/s, comparable to the results of the gasdynamic models.

Naidu, Kamcilla↗
NASA NTRS1994

Motion of the Heliospheric Termination Shock: MHD Effects - 4

In this paper we generalize earlier gasdynamic analyses of the motion of the heliospheric termination shock in response to upstream disturbances to include magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) phenomena. We assume that the termination shock is a strong, perpendicular shock and that the initial upstream disturbance is a tangential discontinuity. The resulting configuration after the interaction is very similar to that in the gasdynamic models after an interaction with a contact discontinuity or interplanetary shock, and for an increase (decrease) in dynamic pressure consists of an outward (inward) propagating termination shock and an outward propagating shock (MHD rarefaction wave) that carries the signal of the disturbance into the far downstream plasma. The plasma immediately behind the new termination shock is separated from the downstream signal by a tangential discontinuity. The results of the model show that the speed of the new termination shock depends mainly on the magnitude of the change in dynamic pressure and are typically of order -100 km/s, comparable to the results of the gasdynamic models.

Naidu, Kamcilla↗
NASA NTRS1998

Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interactions in High Mach Number Flows: A Critical Survey of Current Numerical Prediction Capabilities

The report assesses the capability for numerical simulation of 2-D and 3-D shock wave laminar and turbulent boundary layer interactions Three fundamental configurations are considered: single fin, double fin, and hollow cylinder flare. Thirteen separate cases were examined by a distinguished international group of researchers using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with a wide range of turbulence models from zero equation to full Reynolds Stress Equation formulations. The report presents an extensive comparison of computations and experimental data, summarizes the results, and makes recommendations for future research.

Doyle D. Knight↗
NASA NTRS2000

Reusable Launch Vehicle Tank/Intertank Sizing Trade Study

A tank and intertank sizing tool that includes effects of major design drivers, and which allows parametric studies to be performed, has been developed and calibrated against independent representative results. Although additional design features, such as bulkheads and field joints, are not currently included in the process, the improved level of fidelity has allowed parametric studies to be performed which have resulted in understanding of key tank and intertank design drivers, design sensitivities, and definition of preferred design spaces. The sizing results demonstrated that there were many interactions between the configuration parameters of internal/external payload, vehicle fineness ratio (half body angle), fuel arrangement (LOX-forward/LOX-aft), number of tanks, and tank shape/arrangement (number of lobes).

Dorsey, John T.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Alloy Design Workbench-Surface Modeling Package Developed

NASA Glenn Research Center's Computational Materials Group has integrated a graphical user interface with in-house-developed surface modeling capabilities, with the goal of using computationally efficient atomistic simulations to aid the development of advanced aerospace materials, through the modeling of alloy surfaces, surface alloys, and segregation. The software is also ideal for modeling nanomaterials, since surface and interfacial effects can dominate material behavior and properties at this level. Through the combination of an accurate atomistic surface modeling methodology and an efficient computational engine, it is now possible to directly model these types of surface phenomenon and metallic nanostructures without a supercomputer. Fulfilling a High Operating Temperature Propulsion Components (HOTPC) project level-I milestone, a graphical user interface was created for a suite of quantum approximate atomistic materials modeling Fortran programs developed at Glenn. The resulting "Alloy Design Workbench-Surface Modeling Package" (ADW-SMP) is the combination of proven quantum approximate Bozzolo-Ferrante-Smith (BFS) algorithms (refs. 1 and 2) with a productivity-enhancing graphical front end. Written in the portable, platform independent Java programming language, the graphical user interface calls on extensively tested Fortran programs running in the background for the detailed computational tasks. Designed to run on desktop computers, the package has been deployed on PC, Mac, and SGI computer systems. The graphical user interface integrates two modes of computational materials exploration. One mode uses Monte Carlo simulations to determine lowest energy equilibrium configurations. The second approach is an interactive "what if" comparison of atomic configuration energies, designed to provide real-time insight into the underlying drivers of alloying processes.

Abel, Phillip B.↗
NASA NTRS2022

Towards Run-Time Search for Real-World Multi-Agent Systems

Multi-agent systems (MAS) may encounter uncertainties in the form of unexpected environmental conditions, sub-optimal system configurations, and unplanned interactions between autonomous agents. The number of combinations of such uncertainties may be innumerable, however run-time testing may reduce the issues impacting such a system. We posit that search heuristics can augment a run-time testing process, in-situ, for a MAS. To support our position we discuss our in-progress experimental testbed to realize this goal and highlight challenges we anticipate for this domain.

Abigail C. Diller↗
NASA NTRS2012

Intelligent nanomedicine integrating diagnosis and therapy

A method of controlling the activity of a biologically active compound. The method concerns an oligonucleotide-based compound, comprising a hairpin-forming oligonucleotide, an effector moiety physically associated with the oligonucleotide, where the effector moiety possesses a biological activity, and a regulating moiety physically associated with the oligonucleotide, where the regulating moiety controls the biological activity of the effector moiety by interacting with the effector moiety. The oligonucleotide can assume a hairpin configuration, where the effector and regulating moieties interact, or an open configuration, where the effector and regulating moieties fail to interact. Depending on the nature of the effector and regulating moieties, either configuration can result in the expression of the biological activity of the effector moiety.

Li, Na↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Flow Visualization of Intrusive and Non-Intrusive Configurations for Lunar- and Martian-Relevant Plume-Surface Interaction

Flow visualization of a heated, inert-gas plume impinging onto a rigid surface was performed in lunar- and Martian-relevant pressure conditions. The experimental campaign was part of a broader effort to improve predictive models and capabilities for plume-surface interactions in spacecraft landing environments relevant to the Moon and Mars. The experiments used the planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique to visualize the flow of the jet over both a full-plane configuration using a flat impingement plate and a half-plane configuration where the jet flow was bisected by a splitter edge mounted to the impingement plate. The latter configuration has been previously used to study erosion mechanisms in plume-surface interactions because the technique enables cross-sectional optical access for visualizing the plume-induced crater. However, this approach has some uncertainty regarding the influence of the splitter edge on the flow field. The present work evaluates the differences in flow structures and characteristics between the flat plate and splitter plate experimental configurations at eight unique test conditions with and without the splitter edge where the vacuum chamber pressure, nozzle mass flow rate, and height of the nozzle were varied. Several features are identified which differ between the flat plate and splitter plate comparison cases, and these are summarized in this paper. The results presented provide insights to the differences between intrusive and non-intrusive experimental configurations for plume-surface interaction studies that can be used to further validate predictive models and inform future ground and flight test results.

PLIF↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Flow Visualization of Intrusive and Non-Intrusive Configurations for Lunar- and Martian-Relevant Plume-Surface Interaction

Flow visualization of a heated, inert-gas plume impinging onto a rigid surface was performed in lunar- and Martian-relevant pressure conditions. The experimental campaign was part of a broader effort to improve predictive models and capabilities for plume-surface interactions in spacecraft landing environments relevant to the Moon and Mars. The experiments used the planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique to visualize the flow of the jet over both a full-space configuration using a flat impingement plate and a half-space configuration where the jet flow was bisected by a splitter edge mounted to the impingement plate. The latter configuration has been previously used to study erosion mechanisms in plume-surface interactions because the technique enables cross-sectional optical access for visualizing the plume-induced crater. However, this approach has some uncertainty regarding the influence of the splitter edge on the flow field. The present work evaluates the differences in flow structures and characteristics between the flat plate and splitter plate experimental configurations at eight unique test conditions with and without the splitter edge where the vacuum chamber pressure, nozzle mass flow rate, and height of the nozzle were varied. Several features are identified which differ between the flat plate and splitter plate comparison cases, and these are summarized in this paper. The results presented provide insights to the differences between intrusive and non-intrusive experimental configurations for plume-surface interaction studies that can be used to further validate predictive models and inform future ground and flight test results.

PLIF↗
NASA NTRS1993

Controls-structures-interaction dynamics during RCS control of the Orbiter/SRMS/SSF configuration

During the assembly flights of the Space Station Freedom (SSF), the Orbiter will either dock with the SSF and retract to the final berthed position, or will grapple the SSF using the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) and maneuver the SRMS coupled vehicles to their final berthed position. The SRMS method is expected to take approximately one to one and a half hours to complete and require periodic attitude corrections by either the Orbiter or the SSF reaction control system (RCS) or continuous control by a control moment gyro (CMG) system with RCS desaturation as required. Free drift of the attached vehicles is not currently thought to be acceptable because the desired system attitude will quickly deteriorate due to unbalanced gravity gradient and aerodynamic torques resulting in power generation problems, thermodynamic control problems, and communications problems. This paper deals with the simulation and control of the SRMS during trunnion/latch interaction dynamics and during RCS maneuvers. The SRMS servo drive joints have highly non-linear elastic characteristics which tend to degrade sensitive control strategies. In addition the system natural frequencies are extremely low and depend on the drive joint deflections and SRMS geometric position. The lowest mean period of oscillation for the Orbiter/SRMS/SSF(MB6) system in brakes hold mode positioned near the final berthed position is approximately 120 seconds. A detailed finite element model of the SRMS has been developed and used in a newly developed SRMS systems dynamics simulation to investigate the non-linear transient response dynamics of the Orbiter/SRMS/SSF systems. The present SRMS control strategy of brakes only recommended by the Charles Draper Labs is contrasted with a robust controller developed by the authors. The robust controller uses an optimal inear quadratic regulator (LQR) to optimally place the closed-loop poles of a multivariable continuous-time system within the common region of an open sector with the sector angle plus or minus 45 degrees from the negative real axis, and the left-hand side of a parallel to the imaginary axis in the complex s-plane. This guarantees that the critical damping ratio for the desired control modes is equal to or in excess of 0.707. The matrix sign function is used for solving the Riccati equations which appear in the controller design procedure. Fast and stable algorithms have recently been developed for the computation of the matrix sign function. Simulation results are given which demonstrate the potential CSI involvement for the current SRMS control system and the proposed control system.

Schliesing, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Combustion Of Interacting Droplet Arrays In Microgravity

Theory and experiments involving single droplet combustion date back to 1953, with the first microgravity work appearing in 1956. The problem of a spherical droplet burning in an infinite, quiescent microgravity environment is a classical problem in combustion research with the classical solution appearing in nearly every textbook on combustion. The microgravity environment offered by ground-based facilities such as drop towers and space-based facilities is ideal for studying the problem experimentally. A recent review by Choi and Dryer shows significant advances in droplet combustion have been made by studying the problem experimentally in microgravity and comparing the results to one dimensional theoretical and numerical treatments of the problem. Studying small numbers of interacting droplets in a well-controlled geometry represents a logical step in extending single droplet investigations to more practical spray configurations. Studies of droplet interactions date back to Rex and co-workers, and were recently summarized by Annamalai and Ryan. All previous studies determined the change in the burning rate constant, k, or the flame characteristics as a result of interactions. There exists almost no information on how droplet interactions a effect extinction limits, and if the extinction limits change if the array is in the diffusive or the radiative extinction regime. Thus, this study examined experimentally the effect that droplet interactions have on the extinction process by investigating the simplest array configuration, a binary droplet array. The studies were both in normal gravity, reduced pressure ambients and microgravity facilities. The microgravity facilities were the 2.2 and 5.2 second drop towers at the NASA Glenn Research Center and the 10 second drop tower at the Japan Microgravity Center. The experimental apparatus and the data analysis techniques are discussed in detail elsewhere.

Dietrich, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Elastic interaction of a crack with a microcrack array. I - Formulation of the problem and general form of the solution. II - Elastic solution for two crack configurations (piecewise constant and linear approximations)

The elastic interactions of a two-dimensional configuration consisting of a crack with an array of microcracks located near the tip are studied. The general form of the solution is based on the potential representations and approximations of tractions on the microcracks by polynomials. In the second part, the technique is applied to two simple two-dimensional configurations involving one and two microcracks. The problems of stress shielding and stress amplification (the reduction or increase of the effective stress intensity factor due to the presence of microcracks) are discussed, and the refinements introduced by higher order polynomial approximations are illustrated.

Chudnovsky, A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Magnetic configurations of planetary obstacles

The interaction of the solar wind with planetlike obstacles is examined. The four different types of interactions, and the properties of the planets relative to their roles as obstacles to solar wind flow are discussed. The characteristic features of the magnetosphere of Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, and the earth are described; particular attention is given to the configuration of the magnetosphere and the factors which control the position and shape of the magnetopause. The role of the magnetic field as it becomes modified in the solar wind interaction with nonmagnetic objects possessing an ionosphere is studied and examples of ionospheric interaction, such as Venusian and Titan interactions, are presented.

Lepping, R. P.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Pair Invariant Mass to Isolate Background in the Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Au+Au Collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV

Quark interactions with topological gluon configurations can induce local chirality imbalance and parity violation in quantum chromodynamics, which can lead to the chiral magnetic effect (CME)-an electric charge separation along the strong magnetic field in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The CME-sensitive azimuthal correlator observable (Delta gamma) is contaminated by background arising, in part, from resonance decays coupled with elliptic anisotropy (v(2)). We report here differential measurements of the correlator as a function of the pair invariant mass (m(inv)) in 20-50% centrality Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Strong resonance background contributions to Delta gamma. are observed. At large m(inv) where this background is significantly reduced, the Delta gamma. value is found to be significantly smaller. An event-shape-engineering technique is deployed to determine the v(2) background shape as a function of m(inv). We extract a v(2)-independent and m(inv)-averaged signal Delta gamma(sig) = (0.03 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.08) x 10(-4), or (2 +/- 4 +/- 5)% of the inclusive Delta gamma (m(inv) > 0.4 GeV/c(2)) = (1.58 +/- 0.02 +/- 0.02) x 10(-4), within pion p(T) = 0.2-0.8 GeV/c and averaged over pseudorapidity ranges of -1 < eta < -0.05 and 0.05 < eta < 1. This represents an upper limit of 0.23 x 10(-4), or 15% of the inclusive result, at 95% confidence level for the m(inv)-integrated CME contribution.

Adam, J.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Hierarchical low Pt-loading “core-shell” electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells

The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) hinder cost-effective polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), which rely on scarce, expensive platinum-based electrocatalysts (ECs). Here, we present a novel synthesis method for ORR ECs achieving exceptional platinum utilization. The design features a hierarchical “multi-carbon” support comprising carbon nanoparticles interacting with graphene nanoplatelets as the “core”, encapsulated by a porous carbon nitride (CN) “shell”. This configuration promotes strong core/shell interactions and a bimodal active site distribution, consisting of chemically dispersed Pt and Ni single-atom complexes and PtNix alloy nanoclusters embedded in the CN shell. These advantages enable high activity and durability, achieving an ORR activity of 1.6 A mgPt−1 at 0.9 V vs. RHE-an order of magnitude higher than Pt/C (0.17 A mgPt−1). A proof-of-concept PEFC demonstrates a specific power of 12.0 kW gPt−1 at 0.60 V. This approach offers a significant step toward more efficient and sustainable PEFC technologies.

Pagot, Gioele [University of Padova, Italy]↗