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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 649 records · Page 36

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1974

The value of ERTS-1 imagery in resource inventorization on a national scale in South Africa

It has been shown that ERTS imagery, particularly in the form of 1:500,000 scale false color photolithographic prints, can contribute very significantly towards facilitating and accelerating (dramatically, in some cases) resource surveys and geologic mapping. Fire mapping on a national scale becomes a feasability; numerous new geologic features, particularly lineaments, have been discovered, land use can be mapped efficiently on a regional scale and degraded areas identified. The first detailed tectonic and geomorphological maps of the Republic of South Africa will be published mainly owing to the availability of ERTS images.

Malan, O. G.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Development and application of operational techniques for the inventory and monitoring of resources and uses for the Texas coastal zone

The author has identified the following significant results. Four LANDSAT scenes were analyzed for the Harbor Island area test sites to produce land cover and land use maps using both image interpretation and computer-assisted techniques. When evaluated against aerial photography, the mean accuracy for three scenes was 84% for the image interpretation product and 62% for the computer-assisted classification maps. Analysis of the fourth scene was not completed using the image interpretation technique, because of poor quality, false color composite, but was available from the computer technique. Preliminary results indicate that these LANDSAT products can be applied to a variety of planning and management activities in the Texas coastal zone.

Harwood, P.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Spectroscopic and polarimetric observations of NGC 1333 and the surrounding dark cloud complex

Spectroscopy and polarimetry of several very red stars, noted on Near Infrared Photographic Sky Survey photographs in the region of NGC 1333, have yielded a 'map' suggesting the extent of polarization arising from a two-cloud structure in the region. Spectral types and color indices of the stars make it possible to infer that grain radii in the clouds exceed typical interstellar medium values and, further, that they increase with optical depth into the cloud. The present observations indicate that the cloud structure is far more extensive than previously realized.

Turnshek, D. A.↗

NASA NTRS1993

Martian spectral units derived from ISM imaging spectrometer data

Based on results of the Viking mission, the soil layer of Mars has been thought to be fairly homogeneous and to consist of a mixture of as few as two components, a 'dark gray' basaltic material and a 'bright red' altered material. However, near-infrared reflectance spectra measured recently both telescopically and from spacecraft indicate compositional heterogeneity beyond what can be explained by just two components. In particular, data from the ISM imaging spectrometer, which observed much of the equatorial region at a spatial resolution of approximately 22 km, indicate spatial differences in the presence and abundance of Fe-containing phases, hydroxylated silicates, and H2O. The ISM data was used to define, characterize, and map soil 'units' based on their spectral properties. The spatial distribution of these 'units' were compared to morphologic, visible color, and thermal inertia features recognized in Viking data.

Murchie, S.↗

NASA NTRS2006

Cassini Imaging of Saturn: Southern Hemisphere Winds and Vortices

High-resolution images of Saturn's southern hemisphere acquired by the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem between February and October 2004 are used to create maps of cloud morphology at several wavelengths, to derive zonal winds, and to characterize the distribution, frequency, size, morphology, color, behavior, and lifetime of vortices. Nonequatorial wind measurements display only minor differences from those collected since 1981 and reveal a strong, prograde flow near the pole. The region just southward of the velocity minimum at 40.7 deg S is especially active, containing numerous vortices, some generated in the proximity of convective storms. The two eastward jets nearest the pole display periodicity in their longitudinal structure, but no direct analogs to the northern hemisphere's polar hexagon or ribbon waves were observed. Characteristics of winds and vortices are compared with those of Saturn's northern hemisphere and Jupiter's atmosphere.

Saturn↗

NASA NTRS2021

New Candidate Extreme T Subdwarfs from the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project

Schneider et al. presented the discovery of WISEA J041451.67−585456.7 and WISEA J181006.18−101000.5, which appear to be the first examples of extreme T-type subdwarfs (esdTs; metallicity ≤−1 dex, T(eff) ≲ 1400 K). Here, we present new discoveries and follow-up of three T-type subdwarf candidates, with an eye toward expanding the sample of such objects with very low metallicity and extraordinarily high kinematics, properties that suggest membership in the Galactic halo. Keck/NIRES near-infrared spectroscopy of WISEA J155349.96+693355.2, a fast-moving object discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project, confirms that it is a mid-T subdwarf. With H(W2) = 22.3 mag, WISEA J155349.96+693355.2 has the largest W2 reduced proper motion among all spectroscopically confirmed L and T subdwarfs, suggesting that it may be kinematically extreme. Nevertheless, our modeling of the WISEA J155349.96+693355.2 near-infrared spectrum indicates that its metallicity is only mildly subsolar. In analyzing the J155349.96+693355.2 spectrum, we present a new grid of low-temperature, low-metallicity model atmosphere spectra. We also present the discoveries of two new esdT candidates, CWISE J073844.52−664334.6 and CWISE J221706.28−145437.6, based on their large motions and colors similar to those of the two known esdT objects. Finding more esdT examples is a critical step toward mapping out the spectral sequence and observational properties of this newly identified population.

Aaron M. Meisner↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Global Ocean Studies from ICESat-2 Mission

The primary purpose of ICESat-2 mission is to monitor changes in the cryosphere. Fortunately, additional, and unrealized information from the penetration of laser light below ocean surface offers a new and exciting opportunity to study the ocean biology globally. The objective of this study is to provide the global ocean subsurface results (e.g., depolarization ratio and particulate backscattering coefficient) from ATLAS/ICESat-2 lidar measurements. The seasonal maps of ATLAS retrieved subsurface results exhibit all the major ocean plankton features anticipated from the earlier passive ocean color and CALIOP/CALIPSO lidar measurements. The ICESat-2 ATLAS lidar can continue to monitor global ocean phytoplankton properties after CALIOP/CALIPSO mission. Moreover, the ICESat-2 ocean subsurface results provide unique information to augment existing ocean color measurements by adding nighttime observations and the depth dimension with high horizontal and vertical resolutions.

ICESat2↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Mapping Inundation from Hurricane Florence (2018) with L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar, Commercial Imagery, and Ancillary Data via Machine Learning Classification

During and after flooding events, mapping the extent of floodwaters aids in the distribution of resources, recovery efforts, and damage assessment practices. Development of a land cover classification system focused on mapping inundation after major hurricane events using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data could allow for the production of near-real-time inundation mapping, enabling government and emergency response entities to get a preliminary idea of a developing situation. Complimentary optical and SAR images from domestic and foreign entities are brought together through activations of the International Charter: Space and Major Disasters to support response efforts, from true-color, near-infrared, and thermal remote sensing data obtained by NASA, NOAA, and international satellites to the collection of high-resolution true color aerial photography by NOAA and the National Geodetic Survey. In response to Hurricane Florence of 2018, NASA JPL collected numerous swaths of quad-pol L-band SAR data with the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) instrument observing the record-setting river stages across North and South Carolina. The resulting fully-polarized SAR images allow for mapping of inundation extent at a high spatial resolution with a unique advantage over optical imaging stemming from the sensor’s ability to penetrate cloud cover and dense vegetation. In this study, true-color NOAA aerial and commercial satellite imagery are used in conjunction with four UAVSAR data swaths centered on the Lumberton and Cape Fear River basins in southeastern North Carolina to develop a Random Forest classification model focused on mapping open water and floodwater otherwise obscured by vegetation or lingering cloud cover. Ancillary building footprint, transportation route, and population data will also be incorporated into the classification scheme to estimate the societal impacts of flooding based on the proximity of features to detected inundation. Preliminary results from the Hurricane Florence case study will be discussed in addition to the limitations of available validation data for assessment of the classifier’s accuracy.

Alexander M Melancon↗

NASA NTRS1973

Evaluation of remote sensing in control of pink bollworm in cotton

The author has identified the following significant results. The main objective is to evaluate the use of a satellite in monitoring the cotton production regulation program of the State of California as an aid in controlling pink bollworm infestation in the southern deserts of California. Color combined images of ERTS-1 multispectral images simulating color infrared are being used for crop identification. The status of each field (i.e., crop, bare, harvested, wet, plowed) is mapped from the imagery and is then compared to ground survey information taken at the time of ERTS-1 overflights. A computer analysis has been performed to compare field and satellite data to a crop calendar. Correlation to data has been 97% for field condition. Actual crop identification varies; cotton identification is only 63% due to lack of full season coverage.

Lewis, L. N.↗

NASA NTRS1974

The first earth resources technology satellite /ERTS 1/

The present work describes the ERTS 1 spacecraft and data collection system and reviews the operation of the system since the satellite was launched in July, 1972. Perhaps the most significant result of the ERTS 1 mission is the realization that features related to land resources or to environmental processes can be mapped synoptically for very large areas on scales up to 1:250,000 without substantial loss of definition. Examples of color composite images obtained by ERTS 1 are shown.

Nordberg, W.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Application of aerial photography to water-related programs in Michigan

Aerial photography and information system technology were used to generate information required for the effective operation of three water-related programs in Michigan. Potential mosquito breeding sites were identified from specially acquired low altitude 70 mm color photography for the city of Lansing; the inventory identified 35% more surface water areas than indicated on existing field maps. A comprehensive inventory of surface water sources and potential access sites was prepared to assist fire departments in Antrim County with fire truck water-recharge operations. Remotely-sensed land cover/use data for Windsor Township, Eaton County, were integrated with other resource data into a computer-based information system for regional water quality studies. Eleven thematic maps focusing on landscape features affecting non-point water pollution and waste disposal were generated from analyses of a four-hectare grid-based data file containing land cover/use, soils, topographic and geologic (well-log) data.

Enslin, W. R.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Application of remote sensing to land and water resource planning: The Pocomoke River Basin, Maryland

Because of the size of the Pocomoke River Basin, the inaccessibility of certain areas, and study time constraints, several remote sensing techniques were used to collect base information on the river corridor, (a 23.2 km channel) and on a 1.2 km wooded floodplain. This information provided an adequate understanding of the environment and its resources, thus enabling effective management options to be designed. The remote sensing techniques used for assessment included manual analysis of high altitude color-infrared photography, computer-assisted analysis of LANDSAT-2 imagery, and the application of airborne oceanographic Lidar for topographic mapping. Results show that each techniques was valuable in providing the needed base data necessary for resource planning.

Wildesen, S. E.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Infrared studies of star formation in Orion

The results of IR studies of the cluster of compact IR sources in the Orion Molecular Cloud are discussed in view of broad band and low spectral resolution measurements, and with attention to new measurements of the 8-12.5-micron color temperature, the 3.8-micron polarization of the IR emission from the vicinity of the cluster, and new 34-micron maps of the region which possess high spatial resolution. These measurements are found to be useful in the identification of the principal luminosity sources within the cluster. The propects for future star formation studies which have their basis in the use of space telescopes optimized for IR observation are also discussed.

Werner, M. W.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Applied photo interpretation for airbrush cartography

New techniques of cartographic portrayal have been developed for the compilation of maps of lunar and planetary surfaces. Conventional photo interpretation methods utilizing size, shape, shadow, tone, pattern, and texture are applied to computer processed satellite television images. The variety of the image data allows the illustrator to interpret image details by inter-comparison and intra-comparison of photographs. Comparative judgements are affected by illumination, resolution, variations in surface coloration, and transmission or processing artifacts. The validity of the interpretation process is tested by making a representational drawing by an airbrush portrayal technique. Production controls insure the consistency of a map series. Photo interpretive cartographic portrayal skills are used to prepare two kinds of map series and are adaptable to map products of different kinds and purposes.

Inge, J. L.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Analysis of remotely sensed data for detecting soil limitations

During 1971 and 1972 a detailed study was conducted on a fallow field in the proposed Oahe Irrigation Project to determine the relationship between the tonal variation observed on aerial photographs and the properties of eroded soil. Correlation and regression analysis of digitized, multiemulsion, color infrared film (2443) data and detailed field data revealed a highly significant correlation between film transmittance and several soil properties indicative of the erosion limitation. Computer classification of the multiemulsion film data resulted in maps portraying the eroded soil and the normal soil. Both correlation and computer classification results were best using the reflectance data from the red spectral band. The results showed film transmittance was actually measuring the reflectivity of the soil surface which was increased by the incorporation of the light colored, calcareous parent material exposed by erosion or tillage on soils with thin surface horizons.

Benson, L. A.↗

DOE OSTI2024

High Refractive Index Adhesives for Laser Glass Cladding Applications (ABBREVIATED Report)

To eliminate parasitic light oscillations (amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)), high energy laser systems often utilize polymeric materials to adhere optically absorptive cladding materials to laser gain media (glass or crystal). Most of these polymeric optical adhesives are index matched to lower index gain media, and there was no capability to achieve refractive indices (RI) greater than 1.60 with low color, while also maintaining mechanical compliance to serve as adhesives for cladding applications. The completion of LDRD 23-FS-043 shows we can chemically develop novel suitable adhesive candidates with refractive indices above 1.64 at 532 nm while also exhibiting Shore A hardness between 50-90, with high optical clarity, low color, and minimal haze for films ~1-2 mm thick (84 %Transmission at 532 nm). This will enable us to begin mapping a process space to allow future customizable adhesive formulations for building a variety of laser systems with tunable refractive index matching for various gain and cladding media.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

NASA NTRS1973

Digital data processing of ERTS-1 imagery of Delaware Bay

A user-oriented Earth Resources Data Center is in operation at Bendix Aerospace, which a capable of automatically producing classification imagery and thematic maps from ERTS computer compatible tapes. The ERDC is now being used to process ERTS-1 data under a subcontract from the University of Delaware. ERTS coverage of Delaware Bay has been processed to produce classification imagery of water masses in the bay, and a map of all land-water boundaries along the shoreline including wetlands and inland lakes. Imagery, the user's video monitor color display, the data processing facility, and methodology are described.

Conrod, A. C.↗

NASA NTRS1973

To assess the value of satellite imagery in resource evaluation on a national scale

The author has identified the following significant results. It has been shown that ERTS imagery, particularly in the form of 1:500,000 scale false color photolithographic prints, can contribute very significantly towards facilitating and accelerating (dramatically, in the case of vegetation) resource surveys and geologic mapping. Fire mapping on a national scale becomes a feasibility, numerous new geologic features, particularly lineaments, have been discovered, land use can be mapped efficiently on a regional scale and degraded areas identified. The first detailed tectonic and geomorphological maps of the Republic of South Africa will be published in the near future mainly owing to the availability of ERTS-1 imagery.

Malan, O. G.↗