Strain-tunable metamagnetic critical endpoint in Mott insulating rare-earth titanates
Rare-earth titanates are Mott insulators whose magnetic ground state—antiferromagnetic (AFM) or ferromagnetic (FM)—can be tuned by the radius of the rare-earth element. We combine phenomenology and first-principles calculations to shed light on the generic magnetic phase diagram of a chemically substituted titanate on the rare-earth site that interpolates between an AFM and a FM state. Octahedral rotations present in these perovskites cause the AFM order to acquire a small FM component—and vice-versa—removing any multicritical point from the phase diagram. However, for a wide parameter range, a first-order metamagnetic transition line terminating at a critical endpoint survives inside the magnetically ordered phase. Like the liquid-gas transition, a Widom line emerges from the endpoint, characterized by enhanced fluctuations. In contrast to metallic FMs, this metamagnetic transition involves two symmetry-equivalent and insulating canted spin states. Moreover, instead of a magnetic field, we show that uniaxial strain can be used to tune this transition to zero temperature, inducing a quantum critical endpoint.