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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 649 records · Page 36
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

LGAD-Based Silicon Sensors for 4D Detectors

Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGAD) are a class of silicon sensors developed for the fast detection of Minimum Ionizing Particles (MIPs). The development was motivated by the need of resolving piled-up tracks of charged particles emerging from several vertexes originating from the same bunch-crossing in High-Energy Physics (HEP) collider experiments, which, however, are separated not only in space but also in time by a few tens of picoseconds. Built on thin silicon substrates and featuring an internal moderate gain, they provide fast signals for excellent timing performance, which are therefore useful to distinguish the different tracks. Unfortunately, this comes at the price of poor spatial resolution. To overcome this limitation, other families of LGAD-based silicon sensors which can deliver in the same substrate both excellent timing and spatial information are under development. Such devices are, to name a few, capacitively coupled LGADs (AC-LGAD), deep-junction LGADs (DJ-LGAD) and trench-isolated LGADs (TI-LGADs). These devices can be fabricated by even small-scale research-focused clean rooms for faster development within the scientific community. However, to scale up production, efforts towards integrating these sensor concepts in CMOS substrates, with the obvious advantage of the possibility of integrating part of the read-out electronics in the same substrate, have begun.

spatial resolution↗
DOE OSTI2022

Novel Sensors for Particle Tracking: a Contribution to the Snowmass Community Planning Exercise of 2021

Five contemporary technologies are discussed in the context of their potential roles in particle tracking for future high energy physics applications. These include sensors of the 3D configuration, in both diamond and silicon, submicron-dimension pixels, thin film detectors, and scintillating quantum dots in gallium arsenide. Drivers of the technologies include radiation hardness, excellent position, vertex, and timing resolution, simplified integration, and optimized power, cost, and material.

Detectors↗
DOE OSTI2022

Programs Enabling Deep Technology Transfer from National Labs

To maximize the technology transfer potential, it is important to create an ecosystem for the inventors to adapt the technologies developed for basic science to successful commercial ventures. In this white paper we present a brief overview of technology transfer programs at high energy physics (HEP) laboratories with a focus on the programs at Fermilab and KEK, and identify opportunities and recommendations for increasing partnerships and commercialization at HEP-centric laboratories.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

TF07 Snowmass Report: Theory of Collider Phenomena

Theoretical research has long played an essential role in interpreting data from high-energy particle colliders and motivating new accelerators to advance the energy and precision frontiers. Collider phenomenology is an essential interface between theoretical models and experimental observations, since theoretical studies inspire experimental analyses while experimental results sharpen theoretical ideas. Here, this report -- from the Snowmass 2021 Theory Frontier topical group for Collider Phenomenology (TF07) -- showcases the dynamism, engagement, and motivations of collider phenomenologists by exposing selected exciting new directions and establishing key connections between cutting-edge theoretical advances and current and future experimental opportunities. By investing in collider phenomenology, the high-energy physics community can help ensure that theoretical advances are translated into concrete tools that enable and enhance current and future experiments, and in turn, experimental results feed into a more complete theoretical understanding and motivate new questions and explorations.

Maltoni, Fabio↗
DOE OSTI2025

Forward dijet and vector meson production at the LHC

We first describe the predictions concerning jet production in the very forward region, especially in the FOCAL kinematic region of the ALICE collaboration at CERN as a test of saturation. We also compare vector meson production cross sections at the LHC in Pb Pb and p Pb collisions with the Balitsky Fadin Kuraev Lipatov and the Balitsky Kovchegov evolution equations and data favor the observation of saturation at the LHC.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

A LENS on DUNE-PRISM: Characterizing a Neutrino Beam with Off-Axis Measurements

Upcoming precision long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments will be severely limited by the large systematic uncertainties associated with neutrino flux predictions and neutrino--nucleus cross sections. A promising remedy is the PRISM (Precision Reaction Independent Spectrum Measurement) technique, whereby the near detector measures the neutrino spectrum at different angles with respect to the beam axis. These measurements are then linearly combined into a prediction of the oscillated neutrino flux at the far detector. This prediction is data-driven, but still dependent on some theoretical knowledge about the neutrino flux. In this paper, we study to what extent off-axis measurements themselves can be used to directly constrain neutrino flux models. In particular, we use them to extract separately the fluxes and spectra of different meson species in the beam. We call this measurement LENS (Lateral Extraction of Neutrino Spectra). Second, we demonstrate how the thus improved flux model helps to further constrain the far detector flux prediction, thereby ultimately improving oscillation measurements.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2025

Clearing up the Strong $CP$ problem

The absence of a neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) constrains the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) theta angle to be less than one part in ten billion, posing the Strong $CP$ problem. We revisit two classes of proposed solutions. First, we show that when $P$ or $CP$ is realized as a gauged discrete symmetry - as can arise in quantum gravity - the vacuum necessarily preserves $CP$, contrary to recent claims that discrete-symmetry solutions fail. Gauged discrete models face model-building challenges, such as avoiding contributions to the neutron EDM after spontaneous $P$ or $CP$ breaking, but in principle have no fundamental obstructions. Second, we critically examine recent arguments that the Strong $CP$ problem is illusory, demonstrating that a nonzero neutron EDM at finite $\barθ$ follows directly from well-understood QCD dynamics. Taken together, our results reinforce the reality of the Strong $CP$ problem and highlight gauged discrete-symmetry realizations of $P$ or $CP$ as plausible solutions.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2026

2025 EIC-France Workshop: Physics Highlights and Perspectives

This document presents a synthesis of the theory contributions and discussions from the 2nd EIC-France Workshop, held at IJCLab (Orsay) on 1-3 December 2025. The workshop brought together members of the French hadron-physics community to review recent theoretical developments relevant to the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) and to coordinate national efforts in preparation for its early physics program. The report first summarizes the collider's initial running conditions and luminosity performance, as outlined in the EIC Early Science Matrix. It then provides concise overviews of the theoretical presentations on inclusive, semi-inclusive, exclusive, heavy-flavor, and small-x physics. Based on these discussions, two measurements emerged as especially well suited for early EIC operation and strongly aligned with areas of established French expertise: inclusive diffraction and inclusive quarkonium production. These channels offer clean signatures, robust theoretical interpretability, and direct sensitivity to fundamental QCD phenomena such as gluon saturation, heavy-quark dynamics, and the small-x structure of hadrons and nuclei. In addition, the workshop identified longer-term physics opportunities that will benefit from the full capabilities of the EIC after its ramp-up phase. These include accessing the three-dimensional structure of the pion through the Sullivan process and a broader program of exclusive three-body final states, both of which represent high-impact avenues for exploring hadronic structure and non-perturbative QCD. Together, the elements summarized in this report provide a coherent overview of the strategic priorities and scientific ambitions shaping the French community's contribution to the EIC physics program.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2026

Quantum simulation of massive Thirring and Gross--Neveu models for arbitrary number of flavors

The study of fermionic quantum field theories is an important problem for realizing the standard model of particle physics on a quantum computer. As a step towards this goal, we consider the massive Thirring and Gross--Neveu models with arbitrary number of fermion flavors, $N_f$, discretized on a spatial one-dimensional lattice of size $L$ in the Hamiltonian formulation. We compute the gate complexity using the higher-order product formula and using block-encoding/qubitization and quantum singular value transformations in the limit of large $N_f$ and $L$. We also prepare the ground states of both models with excellent fidelity for system sizes up to 20 qubits with $N_f = 1,2,3,4$ using the adaptive-variational quantum imaginary time algorithm. In addition, we also classify the dynamical Lie algebras of these relativistic fermionic models and show that they belong to the same isomorphism class. Our work is a concrete step towards the quantum simulation of real-time dynamics of large $N_f$ fermionic quantum field theories models relevant for chiral symmetry breaking, understanding dimensional transmutation, and exploring the conformal window of field theories on near-term and early fault-tolerant quantum computers.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2026

Higgs Boson Spookiness: Probing Quantum Nonlocality with Spacetime-Resolved $H\rightarrowτ^+τ^-$ Decays

We demonstrate that a future precision $ee$ Higgs factory would be able to perform a spacetime-resolved test of quantum nonlocality in Higgs boson decays. In simulated $ee\rightarrow ZH \rightarrow (μμ)(ττ)$ events at $\sqrt{s}=240$ GeV, we reconstruct $τ$ lepton decay vertices and measure spin correlations as a function of the spacetime interval between the two $τ$ decays. Such a measurement would be able to test Bell-inequality-violating correlations for spacelike-separated decays, enabling direct exclusion of superluminal, finite-speed entanglement signaling theories. With 0.75 ab$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, entanglement signal propagation speeds below $\approx2c$ can be excluded at 95$\%$ CL. Signals establishing any spin correlation can be excluded for speeds below $\approx9c$. This constitutes the first proposed spacetime-resolved measurement of electroweak quantum entanglement at a particle collider and demonstrates a unique capability of future Higgs factories.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2026

Massive right-handed neutrinos in $\bar{B} \to D^* τ\bar X$ decay

We explore signatures of a massive right-handed neutrino (RHN) in angular distributions of $\bar{B} \to D^* (\to D π) τ(\to πν_τ) \bar X$ decays, where $X$ is an invisible state. We assume the new physics is described by the standard model effective field theory extended with an RHN in the MeV-GeV mass range. We calculate for the first time the full differential distributions in terms of the visible final states, including the decay of the $τ$ lepton. We evaluate the sensitivity of various distributions to the new physics operators.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2022

A First Step Towards Quantum Simulating Jet Evolution in a Dense Medium

The fast development of quantum technologies over the last decades has offered a glimpse to a future where the quantum properties of multi particle systems might be more fully understood. In particular, quantum computing might prove crucial to explore many aspects of high energy physics unaccessible to classical methods. In this talk, we will describe how one can use digital quantum computers to study the evolution of QCD jets in quark gluons plasmas. We construct a quantum circuit to study single particle evolution in a dense QCD medium. Focusing on the jet quenching parameter $\hat{q}$, we present some early numerical results for a small quantum circuit. Future extensions of this strategy are also addressed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Artificial intelligence research at Fermilab

Artificial intelligence research at Fermilab plays an important role in every aspect of high-energy physics: in the operation of particle accelerators, the analysis of data captured by particle detectors, sweeping surveys of stars and galaxies, quantum simulations of physical phenomena.

Fermilab, Fermilab↗
DOE OSTI2020

TESLA's High Gradient March: Thirty years anniversary of TESLA Technology Collaboration (TTC)

In 2020, the TTC (TESLA Technology Collaboration) celebrates 30 years of collaborative efforts on SRF technologies. The first international TESLA workshop on a TeV Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator was held at Cornell University on July 23-26, 1990. The purpose of the meeting was to work on a parameter list for a superconducting high energy physics collider in the Teravolt energy region and to explore ideas on how to increase the gradients and lower the costs for the accelerator structures. It was clear from the beginning that the needed technological progress would require a large international collaboration. This meeting was indeed the origin of a long preparation effort toward a future ILC (International Linear Collider), which eventually led to the realization of the TTF (TESLA Test Facility, since 2005 operated as the DESY user facility FLASH) and the European XFEL also at DESY, and created the conditions supporting the proposals for several large SRF-based research facilities like SNS, LCLS-II, ESS, PIP-II and SHINE, as well as a growing number of smaller facilities around the world. Highlights of this 30-year international collaboration are presented and celebrated.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Coffea -- Columnar Object Framework For Effective Analysis

The coffea framework provides a new approach to High-Energy Physics analysis, via columnar operations, that improves time-to-insight, scalability, portability, and reproducibility of analysis. It is implemented with the Python programming language, the scientific python package ecosystem, and commodity big data technologies. To achieve this suite of improvements across many use cases, coffea takes a factorized approach, separating the analysis implementation and data delivery scheme. All analysis operations are implemented using the NumPy or awkward-array packages which are wrapped to yield user code whose purpose is quickly intuited. Various data delivery schemes are wrapped into a common front-end which accepts user inputs and code, and returns user defined outputs. We will discuss our experience in implementing analysis of CMS data using the coffea framework along with a discussion of the user experience and future directions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

A New Scheme of Redundant Timing Crosschecking for Frontend Systems

In high energy physics experiments, frontend digitization modules are usually driven by a common clock. At the frontend electronics and digitization modules of the detector, a precise timing reference must establish in order to make a useful timing measurement. It would be very useful for the frontend digitization system to include a feature of redundant timing crosschecking. The inspiration for the timing crosschecking scheme came from the long-abandoned analog mean-timer schemes. In this scheme, several Front-end modules are connected together through a cable set with taps connected to the digitization modules. Pulses are driven from every FE modules alternately without overlapping. The arrival times of pulses sent from FE modules are digitized at the timing crosschecking module. The mean times will change as temperature changes, but their difference between two FE modules are cancelled mathematically. This feature enables easy achievement of good timing precision without the need for complex hardware.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

Quantum science and technology

Fermilab’s leading-edge quantum science program builds on the lab’s unique capabilities as both the U.S. center for high-energy physics and a leader in quantum physics research.

Source record↗