Calculation of the radiation hazard at supersonic aircraft altitudes produced by an energetic solar flare, 2
Radiation hazard calculations for supersonic aircraft altitudes produced by energetic solar flare of 23 Feb. 1965
Armstrong, T. W.↗
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Aerospace Medicine and Biology - A continuing bibliography with indexes /supplement 86/
Annotated bibliography indexes on Aerospace Medicine and biology - Feb. 1971
Source record↗
Outer zone electron fluxes during 5 February 1965 solar proton event
Outer radiation belt electron fluxes during solar proton event on 5 Feb. 1965
Lanzerotti, L. J.↗
Effects of interplanetary magnetic field azimuth on auroral zone and polar cap magnetic activity
During relatively quiet times in the period 1964-1968, AE is found to be greater when the interplanetary magnetic field (b sub IMF) is directed toward the sun in Jan., Feb., and Apr., and when B sub IMF is directed away from the sun in Oct. to Dec. Using Murmansk hourly H values and the AE components, AU and AL, it is shown that this sector dependence is present only in the negative H deviations. This observation supports the idea that negative bay magnitudes are determined chiefly by particle-produced ionization, while positive bay magnitudes are rather insensitive to increases in particle precipitation. The ratio of DP2-type magnetic activity in the southern polar cap to that in the northern polar cap is found to be greater by a factor of about 1.75 for B sub IMF toward the sun.
Burch, J. L.↗
Rocket-based measurement of particle fluxes and currents in an auroral arc.
The rocket with the experiment was fired from Fort Churchill, Canada, over a homogeneous arc at 2000 local time on Feb. 26, 1969. Detectors measured the pitch-angle distribution of the fluxes of electrons with energies in the range from 2 to 18 and energies above 50 keV, and of protons with energies in the range from 2 to 18 and in the range from 80 to 1000 keV. The total backscattered flux was about 20% of the downward flux in the same energy range. No protons in the range from 2 to 18 keV, or any higher energy particles, were found in significant quantities. It was found that the energetic auroral electrons carry a substantial part of the Birkeland current. The arc extended at least 1500 km in an east-west direction and was not associated with substorm activity.
Vondrak, R. R.↗
Positive ions and the winter anomaly.
A coordinated rocket program to study winter variability in D-region ionization was conducted at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, during the winter of 1970-1971. Parachute-borne blunt probes that measure positive-ion and electron conductivities were flown, in conjunction with other experiments, on Jan. 22 and 26 and Feb. 1, 1971. Both A1 and A3 radiowave absorption techniques were used to indicate anomalous winter days. The two rocket shots in January occurred on such days of high absorption. The first of these was one of quiet solar activity, whereas the second was preceded by a major solar proton event on January 24. The third flight occurred on a normal winter day. We tentatively conclude that we have observed two days of 'anomalous' winter absorption of very different character, one possibly related to a solar disturbance, and one probably entirely induced by meteorological effects. The former day was probably characterized by inhibition of the formation of negative ions due to increased detachment and the latter by decreased ionization loss rate.
Mitchell, J. D.↗
Recent photographic measurements of Saturn.
Summary of some recent measurements of Saturn, particularly latitudes of the faint atmospheric belts. The measurements reveal no seasonal variations in belt latitudes. A small, bright spot at Saturnigraphic latitude 57 deg has been photographed on 46 nights from Oct. 25, 1969, to Feb. 27, 1971. This feature, which is by far the longest lived spot ever observed on Saturn, has had an average rotation period of 10 hr 36 min 27.9 sec plus or minus 0.2 sec.
Reese, E. J.↗
Heat flow and convection demonstration experiments aboard Apollo 14.
A group of experiments was conducted by Apollo 14 astronaut Stuart A. Roosa during the lunar flyback on Feb. 7, 1971, to obtain information on heat flow and convection in gases and liquids in an environment of less than 0.000001 g gravity. Flow observations and thermal data have shown that: (1) there are, as expected, convective motions caused by surface tension gradients in a plane liquid layer with a free upper surface; (2) heat flow in enclosed liquids and gases occurs mainly by diffusive heat conduction; and (3) some convective processes, whose characteristics are not fully known, add to the heat transfer.
Grodzka, P. G.↗
Comments on filament-disintegration and its relation to other aspects of solar activity.
Studies of sudden disintegrations of filaments in solar cycles 19 and 20 (to 1969) indicate that such events occur frequently. Approximately 30% of all large filaments in these cycles disintegrated in the course of their transit across the solar disk. 'Major' flares occurred with above average frequency on the last day on which 141 large disappearing filaments were observed. Relationships between a disintegrating filament on July 10-11, 1959, a prior major flare, a newly formed spot, and concomitant growth of H-alpha plage are presented. Observation of prior descending prominence material apparently directed towards the location of the flare of July 15, 1959 is reported. The development of the filament-associated flare of Feb. 13, 1967 is described.
Dodson, H. W.↗
Measurement of the neutral composition of the lower thermosphere above Fort Churchill by rocket-borne mass spectrometer.
Measurement of the neutral atmospheric composition above Fort Churchill, Canada (59 N, 94 W), by mass spectrometers in two rocket flights at 0835 CST on Feb. 4 and 6, 1969. A quantitative measure for the extent of agreement with static diffusive equilibrium is introduced, and substantial agreement with profiles predicted when static diffusive equilibrium was assumed is found for all constituents including helium. A sensitive search for atomic nitrogen yielded upper limits of a few per cent for one flight and of 0.2% for the other.
Hickman, D. R.↗
A study of D3 emission in a solar flare by use of narrow-band filtergrams.
We report observations of helium D3 emission in the solar flare of Feb. 11, 1970, made at the Lockheed Solar Observatory. The morphological relationship between the D3 and H alpha emission is explored, and a photometric reduction technique is applied to the filtergrams to determine peak intensity of the D3 emission relative to the local quiet sun continuum.
Milkey, R. W.↗
An analysis of Pioneer 9 low-frequency wave observations near interplanetary discontinuities.
Observation of an unusually complex sector boundary on Feb. 2, 1969. Within a single seven-hour period the Pioneer 9 magnetometer and plasma probe detected a reverse shock, a slow shock, and a conventional fast shock. During this interval the electron gyrofrequency and the ion plasma frequency each varied by more than a factor of 10, and the low-frequency (broadband and 400-Hz) electric field wave levels were high and variable. It is shown that, near the discontinuities, enhanced 400-Hz wave levels were not generally associated with field gradients or current layers, but elevated 400-Hz wave levels were detected when the ion density fell within a fairly well-defined window. This suggests that modes related to ion sound waves were detected, and the observations are assessed in terms of various theories for interplanetary wave generation.
Scarf, F. L.↗
Meteorological applications of the Nimbus 4 temperature-humidity infrared radiometer, 6.7 micron channel data.
Midtropospheric circulation features under essentially clear sky conditions have been noted in the data of the 6.7-micron channel of the Nimbus 4 temperature-humidity infrared radiometer (THIR), while at the same time these features were undetected by the 11.5-micron channel of the same instrument. The characteristic response of the 6.7-micron channel to atmospheric water vapor emission is primarily from the 250-mb (10.5 km) to 500-mb (5.5 km) levels with a peak contribution at 350 mb (8 km). Dry and moist patterns seen in the 6.7-micron data on Feb. 21, 1971, have been integrated into a 400-mb moisture analysis over the United States. This analysis provided more detailed and timely information than was conventionally available about the advection of dry air aloft prior to development of the Mississippi Tornado of February 1971.
Allison, L. J.↗
Analysis of ERTS-1 imagery of Wyoming and its application to evaluation of Wyoming's natural resources
The author has identified the following significant results. The Wyoming investigation has progressed according to schedule during the Jan. - Feb., 1973 report period. A map of the maximum extent of Pleistocene glaciation was compiled for northwest Wyoming from interpretations of glacial features seen on ERTS-1 imagery. Using isodensitometry as a tool for image enhancement, techniques were developed which allowed accurate delineation of small urban areas and provided distinction of broad classifications within these small urban centers.
Marrs, R. W.↗
The deep space network, volume 14
DSN progress during Jan. and Feb. 1973 is reported. Areas of accomplishment include: flight project support, TDA research and technology, network engineering, hardware and software implementation, and operations.
Source record↗
Break-up characteristics of Chena River Basin
The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 imagery has been used to monitor the snow melt in central Alaska. Channel 5 was found to give the best results. The VP-8 analyser was utilized to obtain false color images of grey scales and the built-in planimeter with computer was used to obtain quantitative results. It was found, that the snow cover increased at high altitudes from mid-February to the beginning of May, while at lower altitudes, there was an increase from 19 Feb. to 27 March, but a decrease to 2 May, as the melting had started. Two aerial stereo flights were used as ground truth measurement of the ERTS-1 imagery. It was found that the snow cover increased with increasing altitude as well as with a northerly exposure, a result to be expected.
Carlson, R. F.↗
Introductory remarks - The Apollo 14 mission.
Description of the Apollo 14 mission within the general context of the entire Apollo program. In the Apollo 14 mission, which ended successfully on Feb. 9, 1971, more time was spent on extravehicular activities than in previous missions. In addition, enlarged propellant tanks permitted a larger payload, and some 42 kilograms of samples were brought back.
Newell, H. E.↗
Characteristics of the lunar photoelectron layer in the geomagnetic tail.
The charged particle lunar environment experiment, a part of the Apollo 14 lunar surface package, is an ion-electron spectrometer capable of measuring ions and electrons with energies between 40 eV and 50 keV. The instrument, with apertures 26 cm above the surface, has detected a photoelectron gas layer above the sunlit lunar surface. No detectable flux above 200 eV has been observed. Experimental data for periods while the moon was in the earth's magnetotail for electrons with energies 40 eV less than or equal to 200 eV follow a power-law spectrum. In the absence of photoelectrons with E greater than 200, we assume that the surface potential is at least 200 V. The modulation of this potential in the presence of intense plasma-sheet fluxes has been observed. Also, a detailed history of the Feb. 10, 1971, total lunar eclipse, to determine the source distribution of high-energy solar photons, is presented.
Reasoner, D. L.↗