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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 649 records · Page 36
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1976

Noble gases in 60009-60010 drive tube samples - Trapped gases and irradiation history

Concentrations and isotopic composition of noble gases are reported for grain size separates: nine soils from the 60010-60009 double drive tube, two soils from the 60007 drill core section, and surface soil 65501. Data are reported on concentrations of solar wind gases, surface-correlated gases (involving solar wind and lunar atmosphere), surface maturity indices, cosmogenic gases, possible soil mixing, and irradiation by cosmic rays. Good correlation is found between solar wind gases in 60009 soils and such surface maturity indices as petrographic agglutinates, magnetic soil fraction, and fine-grained iron. Cosmogenic He-3, Ne-21, Ar-38, Kr-80, and Xe-126 all display close correlations in the drive tube soils.

Bogard, D. D.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Chemical constraints for mare basalt genesis

Sequential instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to study 10 Apollo-15 rake basalts for 23 bulk, minor and trace elements and 13 basaltic fragments from the Apollo-15 deep drill core 15003 Station 8 for eight major, minor and trace elements. Attention is given here to La-MgO-TiO2 correlations, La/Sm-La and Sm/Eu-La correlations, the La/Sm-Sc correlation, and basalt genesis models.

Ma, M.-S.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Very low-Ti mare basalts

Bulk compositions, petrology, and mineralogy of lithic fragments discovered in polished sections of Apollo 17 drill core samples 70007, 70008, and 70009 and Luna 24 soil 24077, 43 are described. The fragments have unambiguous affinities to mare basalts, but are exceptionally low in TiO2 (less than 1.0 wt.% TiO2). Apollo 17 rake sample 78526 is a green glassy rock of similar composition. Together the samples represent a distinct variety of mare basalts. Bulk compositional relationships suggest that they are related to Apollo 15 green glass, but the data do not permit one to discern the precise nature of the relationship. Both fractional crystallization and partial melting models can explain the observed compositional trends.

Taylor, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Design for a three-fingered hand

This paper describes the construction of a prototype mechanical hand or 'end effector' for use on a remotely controlled robot, but with possible application as a prosthetic device. An analysis of hand motions is reported, from which it is concluded that the two most important manipulations (apart from grasps) are to be able to pick up a tool and draw it into a nested grip against the palm, and to be able to hold a pistol-grip tool such as an electric drill and pull the trigger. One of our models was tested and found capable of both these operations.

Crossley, F. R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Fuseholders allow fast system checkout

Technique involves modifying fuseholder cap with drilled hole to allow each circuit to be connected to automatic circuit analyzer. Tester is commercially-available continuity device used for checking out wiring harnesses that sequentially steps from one circuit to the next automatically. Test results are printed.

Wooters, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Modular ground-wire connector

Chassis-mounted module makes it easy to remove and attach ground wires. With module, more ground connections are made in smaller area and no terminal lugs, lockwashers, or locknuts are required. Device also reduces holes that are punched or drilled in chassis for ground connections.

Dean, W. T.↗
NASA NTRS1977

In-situ laser retorting of oil shale

Oil shale formations are retorted in situ and gaseous hydrocarbon products are recovered by drilling two or more wells into an oil shale formation underneath the surface of the ground. A high energy laser beam is directed into the well and fractures the region of the shale formation. A compressed gas is forced into the well that supports combustion in the flame front ignited by the laser beam, thereby retorting the oil shale. Gaseous hydrocarbon products which permeate through the fractured region are recovered from one of the wells that were not exposed to the laser system.

Bloomfield, H. S.↗
NASA NTRS1977

High-silica glass inclusions in olivine of Luna-24 samples

Optical examination of nine polished grain mounts of Luna-24 drill-core material (0.09-0.50 mm size) revealed melt inclusions in olivine crystals. Two inclusions consist of clear glass with exceptionally high Si, yet contain no visible daughter minerals and have had no reaction effects with the olivine walls. Their compositions (one has SiO2 93.8, Al2O3 1.51, FeO 2.32, MgO 1.61, CaO 0.06, Na2O less than 0.05, K2O 0.11, total 99.41%; the other is similar) are unique and quite unlike the high-Si high-K melt of granitic composition that is found as inclusions in late-stage minerals of these (and the Apollo) samples, from silicate liquid immiscibility. The host olivines are Fo73 and Fo51. The origin of the melt in the inclusions and the lack of reaction effects are perplexing unsolved problems.

Roedder, E.↗
NASA NTRS1978

A design for a 1984 Mars rover

A Mars rover is planned for the mid-1980's as a follow-up to the Viking program, and as a prelude to a return-to-earth mission of Martian samples in the late eighties or early nineties. An overall view of the rover's configuration is presented with a summary of basic design parameters. Six subsystems are outlined: computing, with a 10 to the 8th bit bubble memory; mobility, designed for a journey of 100 km in 2 earth years; science sample acquisition, including a soil auger and hard rock drill; power, supplied by an RTG and stored in batteries; telecommunication, with 50 K bit UHF transmission relayed through an orbiter; and visual imaging, employing two television cameras, each with an 800 x 800 pixel charge coupled device. Scientific research goals include information about Martian seismic characteristics, magnetic field, surface heat flow, chemical composition, geology along a transverse, and meteorology. Attention is given to the necessity of rover autonomy from earth commands.

Dobrotin, B. M.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Effect of wall thickness and material on flexural fatigue of hollow rolling elements

Hollow cylindrical bars were tested in a rolling-contact fatigue tester to determine the effects of material and outside diameter to inside diameter (OD/ID) ratios on fatigue failure mode and subsequent failure propagation. The range of applied loads with OD/ID ratios of 2.0, 1.6, 1.4, and 1.2 resulted in maximum tangential tensile stresses ranging from 165 to 655 MPa at the bore surface. Flexural failures of the hollow test bars occurred when this bore stress was 490 MPa or greater with AISI 52100 hollow bars and 338 MPa or greater with AISI M-50 hollow bars. Good correlation was obtained in relating the failures of these hollow bars with flexural failures of drilled balls from full-scale bearing test published previously.

Bamberger, E. N.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Engineering aspects of geothermal development with emphasis on the Imperial Valley of California

This review was prepared in support of a geothermal planning activity of the County of Imperial. Engineering features of potential geothermal development are outlined. Acreage requirements for drilling and powerplants are estimated, as are the costs for wells, fluid transmission pipes, and generating stations. Rough scaling relationships are developed for cost factors as a function of reservoir temperature. Estimates are made for cooling water requirements, and possible sources of cooling water are discussed. Availability and suitability of agricultural wastewater for cooling are emphasized. The utility of geothermal resources for fresh water production in the Imperial Valley is considered.

Goldsmith, M.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Aerospace technology can be applied to exploration 'back on earth'

Applications of aerospace technology to petroleum exploration are described. Attention is given to seismic reflection techniques, sea-floor mapping, remote geochemical sensing, improved drilling methods and down-hole acoustic concepts, such as down-hole seismic tomography. The seismic reflection techniques include monitoring of swept-frequency explosive or solid-propellant seismic sources, as well as aerial seismic surveys. Telemetry and processing of seismic data may also be performed through use of aerospace technology. Sea-floor sonor imaging and a computer-aided system of geologic analogies for petroleum exploration are also considered.

Jaffe, L. D.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Geology of the Luna 24 landing site

The Soviet spacecraft Luna 24 landed at the southeast edge of Mare Crisium on the moon on August 18, 1976. A 160 cm core with a diameter of 8 mm was drilled, extracted, and returned to earth by the spacecraft. A description is presented of the geologic setting at the Luna 24 landing site to provide background information for the study of Luna 24 samples. Interpretations of spectral reflectance data suggest that the Luna 24 landing area is similar in TiO2 content to Oceanus Procellarum. Mare Crisium fills the interior of a circular multiringed impact structure in the eastern hemisphere of the moon. Stratigraphic units within Mare Crisium consist of mare materials and postmare deposits. Aspects of local stratigraphy are discussed, taking into account ray material and mare material. In the vicinity of the Luna 24 landing site, the terrain may be divided into four areas on the basis of topography.

Butler, P., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Cratering motions and structural deformation in the rim of the Prairie Flat multiring explosion crater

Cratering motions and structural deformation are described for the rim of the Prairie Flat multiring crater, 85.5 m across and 5.3 m deep, which was formed by the detonation of a 500-ton TNT surface-tangent sphere. The terminal displacement and motion data are derived from marker cans and velocity gages emplaced in drill holes in a three-dimensional matrix radial to the crater. The integration of this data with a detailed geologic cross section, mapped from deep trench excavations through the rim, provides a composite view of the general sequence of motions that formed a transiently uplifted rim, overturned flap, inverted stratigraphy, downfolded rim, and deformed strata in the crater walls. Preliminary comparisons with laboratory experimental cratering and with numerical simulations indicate that explosion craters of the Prairie Flat-type generated by surface and near-surface energy sources tend to follow predictable motion sequences and produce comparable structural deformation. More specifically, central uplift and multiring impact craters with morphologies and structures comparable to Prairie Flat are inferred to have experienced similar deformational histories of the rim, such as uplift, overturning, terracing, and downfolding.

Roddy, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Chemical and optical properties at the Apollo 15 and 16 sites

The bulk chemical composition, the surface chemical concentration of four major elements, and the optical albedo were determined for six core samples, for two sites and from four different depths below the lunar surface, and also for surface soil samples from the vicinity of the sites of the cores. The chemical composition of the core samples was found to be related to that of the surface samples from the same sites, and the correlation of the albedo with the surface iron plus titanium content that has previously been demonstrated for the surface samples was also verified for the core samples. A soil layer near the bottom of the Apollo 15 deep drill core was found to be unusual in two respects: the grain surface and the bulk chemical compositions were found to be more similar than is usual, and the albedo was exceptionally high, though still only 0.6 of the albedo of crushed rock of similar composition. The mechanism of darkening of lunar soil is discussed in the light of these observations.

Gold, T.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Deformation at the Decaturville impact structure, Missouri

The Decaturville structure is a small area of intense disturbance marked by surface exposure of Precambrian rock and minor lead-zinc mineralization. The present paper gives a detailed analysis of the associated deformation processes on the basis of detailed mapping and study of drill core. The presence of shock-deformation features and the complex structural pattern revealed from the analysis are strong indications that the Decaturville structure was formed by impact of an extraterrestrial body.

Offield, T. W.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Surface exposure history of individual crystals in the lunar regolith

The paper reports measurements of solar-flare tracks, microcraters, and glass accretionary particles in crystals from several mature soil samples and from different levels of the Apollo 15 and 16 deep drill stems. Although almost every crystal appears to have been at (or very near) the surface of the moon, the crater data indicate that typical grains are exposed to free space for only 1000-10,000 years. Neither total track densities nor track gradients are correlated with the presence of or absence of crater surfaces. Also considered is the use of cratered crystals in assessing the nature of surface changes produced by various treatments employed to study 'surface' effects.

Poupeau, G.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Track studies bearing on solar-system regoliths

The paper reports a comparative study of solar-flare tracks and other microscopic features in unmetamorphosed lunar breccias, carbonaceous chondrites, and noncarbonaceous gas-rich meteoritic breccias. The data suggest that these objects originated from material once on and just below the surface of solar-system regoliths. Characteristics of these regoliths are discussed with reference to the track-rich olivines in Orgueil and the impregnated Apollo 16 deep drill core. The use of a variant of the fission-track method to determine the time of compaction of soil grains into a breccia is explained.

Price, P. B.↗