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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 649 records · Page 36
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

Interplanetary crew exposure estimates for the August 1972 and October 1989 solar particle events

Detailed exposure estimates for the bone marrow, ocular lens, and skin of astronauts on manned missions beyond the earth's magnetosphere have been made for the large solar particle events (SPE) of August 1972 and October 1989. The estimates were made using the coupled neutron-proton space radiation transport computer code BRYNTRN and the CAM model for the human body. It is found that at least 10 g/sq cm aluminum shielding is needed to keep estimated dose equivalent values below current space radiation exposure guidelines recommended for LEO missions. Space suits currently being designed will not provide adequate crew protection and may not even ensure crew survival in the event of exposure to a large SPE during extravehicular activity.

Townsend, Lawrence W.↗
NASA NTRS1992

How Effective Is Communication Training For Aircraft Crews

Report surveys communication training for aircraft crews. Intended to alleviate problems caused or worsened by poor communication and coordination among crewmembers. Focuses on two training methods: assertiveness training and grid-management training. Examines theoretical background of methods and attempts made to validate their effectiveness. Presents criteria for evaluating applicability to aviation environment. Concludes communication training appropriate for aircraft crews.

Linde, Charlotte↗
NASA NTRS1991

Numerical analysis and simulation of an assured crew return vehicle flow field

A lifting body was proposed as a candidate for the Assured Crew Return Vehicle (ACRV) which will serve as a crew rescue vehicle for the Space Station Freedom. The focus is on body surface definition, both surface and volume grid definition, and the computation of inviscid flow fields about the vehicle at wind tunnel conditions. Very good agreement is shown between the computed aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle at M(sub infinity) = 10 and those measured in wind tunnel tests at high Reynolds numbers.

Weilmuenster, K. James↗
NASA NTRS1991

Design, building, and testing of the post landing systems for the assured crew return vehicle

The design, building, and testing of the post landing support systems for a water landing Assured Crew Return Vehicle (ACRV) are presented. One ACRV will be permanently docked to Space Station Freedom, fulfilling NASA's commitment to Assured Crew Return Capability in the event of an accident or illness. The configuration of the ACRV is based on an Apollo Command Module (ACM) derivative. The 1990 to 91 effort concentrated on the design, building, and testing of a 1/5 scale model of the egress and stabilization systems. The objective was to determine the feasibility of: (1) stabilizing the ACM out of the range of motions which cause sea sickness; and (2) the safe and rapid removal of a sick or injured crewmember from the ACRV. The ACRV model construction is presented along with a discussion of the water test facility. The rapid egress system is also presented along with a discussion of the ACRV stabilization control systems. Results are given and discussed in detail.

Anderson, Loren A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Assured crew return vehicle

A return vehicle is disclosed for use in returning a crew to Earth from low earth orbit in a safe and relatively cost effective manner. The return vehicle comprises a cylindrically-shaped crew compartment attached to the large diameter of a conical heat shield having a spherically rounded nose. On-board inertial navigation and cold gas control systems are used together with a de-orbit propulsion system to effect a landing near a preferred site on the surface of the Earth. State vectors and attitude data are loaded from the attached orbiting craft just prior to separation of the return vehicle.

Cerimele, Christopher J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Crew factors in the aerospace workplace

The effects of technological change in the aerospace workplace on pilot performance are discussed. Attention is given to individual and physiological problems, crew and interpersonal problems, environmental and task problems, organization and management problems, training and intervention problems. A philosophy and conceptual framework for conducting research on these problems are presented and two aerospace studies are examined which investigated: (1) the effect of leader personality on crew effectiveness and (2) the working undersea habitat known as Aquarius.

Kanki, Barbara G.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Crew considerations in the design for Space Station Freedom modules on-orbit maintenance

The paper presents an approach to the maintenance process currently planned for the Space Station Freedom modules. In particular, it describes the planned crew interfaces with maintenance items, and the anticipated implications for the crew in performing the interior and exterior maintenance of modules developed by U.S., ESA, and NASDA. Special consideration is given to the maintenance requirements, allocations, and approach; the maintenance design; the Maintenance Workstation; the robotic mechanisms; and the developemnt of maintenance techniques.

Stokes, Jack W.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Representing cockpit crew decision making

A theoretical framework has been synthesized for the use of cognitive processes to understand team functions. Three different pilot-copilot-flight engineer cockpit crews were observed over the course of a set of mission conducted in a B 727 simulator at NASA-Ames. Only experienced commercial aviators were used in positions for which they were officially qualified; one of the flights involved a generator malfunction, and another was marked by a serious fuel leak. All flights were videotaped and shown to the crews immediately after each session. Transcripts prepared from these videotapes logged the person uttering each comment and the exact time of the comment.

Klein, Gary A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Space Shuttle Orbiter Crew Hatch Jettison Test using a 0.0405-scale model (16-0) in the Texas A/M low speed wind tunnel (OA362). Space Shuttle aerothermodynamic data report

This report contains post-test information for the Space Shuttle Orbiter Crew Hatch Jettison Test OA362 which was conducted in the Texas A&M Low Speed Wind Tunnel from 6/15/87 to 6/22/87. The test objective was to verify that the crew hatch, once jettisoned, would clear the orbiter under various simulated flight conditions. Several model hatches were used with the 0.0405-scale orbiter (Model 16-0). The model's angle of attack was set at 10, 15, and 20 degrees while the sideslip had values of minus 5, 0, and plus 5 degrees. The full scale Qbars that were simulated were 105, 128, 160, and 210 psf. In the hatch jettison mechanism itself, the plunger pressure was varied to achieve horizontal velocities of 3, 5, 7, and 20.1 feet per second model scale, and the plunger location was varied to achieve a variety of rotational velocities. The orbiter model was subjected to 122 runs with 13 different hatches. Of these, 60 were good runs.

Mitchell, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Assured crew return vehicle man-systems integration standards

This is Volume 6 of the Man-Systems Integration Standards (MSIS) family of documents, which is contained in several volumes and a relational database. Each volume has a specific purpose, and each has been assembled from the data contained in the relational database. Volume 6 serves as the Assured Crew Return Vehicle project man-systems integration design requirements. The data in this document is a subset of the data found in Volume 1 and defines the requirements which are pertinent to the Assured Crew Return Vehicle as defined in the SPRD. Additional data and guidelines are provided to assist in the design.

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NASA NTRS1993

Nuclear electric propulsion operational reliability and crew safety study: NEP systems/modeling report

The objective of this study was to establish the initial quantitative reliability bounds for nuclear electric propulsion systems in a manned Mars mission required to ensure crew safety and mission success. Finding the reliability bounds involves balancing top-down (mission driven) requirements and bottom-up (technology driven) capabilities. In seeking this balance we hope to accomplish the following: (1) provide design insights into the achievability of the baseline design in terms of reliability requirements, given the existing technology base; (2) suggest alternative design approaches which might enhance reliability and crew safety; and (3) indicate what technology areas require significant research and development to achieve the reliability objectives.

Karns, James↗
NASA NTRS1990

Simplified Aid For Crew Rescue (SAFR)

Viewgraphs and discussion of a Crew Emergency Rescue System (CERS) are presented. Topics covered include: functional description; operational description; interfaces with other subsystems/elements; simplified aid for crew rescue (SACR) characteristics; potential resource requirements; logistics, repair, and resupply; potential performance improvements; and automation impact.

Fisher, H. Thomas↗
NASA NTRS1992

Space Shuttle crew compartment debris-contamination

Remedial actions undertaken to reduce debris during manned flights and ground turnaround operations at Kennedy Space Center and Palmdale are addressed. They include redesign of selected ground support equipment and Orbiter hardware to reduce particularization/debris generation; development of new detachable filters for air-cooled avionics boxes; application of tape-on screens to filter debris; and implementation of new Orbiter maintenance and turnaround procedures to clean filters and the crew compartment. Most of these steps were implemented before the return-to-flight of STS-26 in September 1988 which resulted in improved crew compartment habitability and less potential for equipment malfunction.

Goodman, Jerry R.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Coordinated Radio, Electron, and Waves Experiment (CREWE) for the NASA Comet Rendezvous and Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) instrument

The Coordinated Radio, Electron, and Waves Experiment (CREWE) was designed to determine density, bulk velocity and temperature of the electrons for the NASA Comet Rendezvous and Asteroid Flyby Spacecraft, to define the MHD-SW IMF flow configuration; to clarify the role of impact ionization processes, to comment on the importance of anomalous ionization phenomena (via wave particle processes), to quantify the importance of wave turbulence in the cometary interaction, to establish the importance of photoionization via the presence of characteristic lines in a structured energy spectrum, to infer the presence and grain size of significant ambient dust column density, to search for the theoretically suggested 'impenetrable' contact surface, and to quantify the flow of heat (in the likelihood that no surface exists) that will penetrate very deep into the atmosphere supplying a good deal of heat via impact and charge exchange ionization. This final report provides an instrument description, instrument test plans, list of deliverables/schedule, flight and support equipment and software schedule, CREWE accommodation issues, resource requirements, status of major contracts, an explanation of the non-NASA funded efforts, status of EIP and IM plan, descope options, and Brinton questions.

Scudder, Jack D.↗
NASA NTRS1989

STS-28 Crew Presentation Clip

This Department of Defense space shuttle mission is shown during launch and landing. The video tape also includes scenes of the following: the crew working on the otolith Tilt Translation Reinterpretation Experiment, various views of the Earth, the crew during mealtime, and preparations for reentry.

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NASA NTRS1989

STS-29 Post-Flight Crew Press Conference

This video contains footage selected and narrated by the Commander and the Space Shuttle crew including launch, TDRS-D/IUS deployment, onboard crew activities, and landing.

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NASA NTRS1989

STS-29 Crew Bailout in WETF

The crew is donning life vests and being dropped into the WETF. Once in the water, the crew is trained on water survival techniques.

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