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At least 649 records · Page 36
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Study of the Decay and Production Properties of D s 1 ( 2536 ) and D s 2 * ( 2573 )

The e + e − → D s + D s 1 ( 2536 ) − and e + e − → D s + D s 2 * ( 2573 ) − processes are studied using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies from 4.530 to 4.946 GeV. The absolute branching fractions of D s 1 ( 2536 ) − → D ¯ * 0 K − and D s 2 * ( 2573 ) − → D ¯ 0 K − are measured for the first time to be ( 35.9 ± 4.8 ± 3.5 ) % and ( 37.4 ± 3.1 ± 4.6 ) % , respectively. The e + e − → D s + D s 1 ( 2536 ) − and e + e − → D s + D s 2 * ( 2573 ) − cross sections are measured, and a resonant structure at around 4.6 GeV with a width of 50 MeV is observed in both processes with a statistical significance of 7.2 σ and 15 σ , respectively. The state is observed for the first time in e + e − → D s + D s 2 * ( 2573 ) − and could be the Y ( 4626 ) found by the Belle oration in the D s + D s 1 ( 2536 ) − final state, since they have similar masses and widths. There is also evidence for a structure at around 4.75 GeV in both processes. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2024

R ( 3780 ) Resonance Interpreted as the 1 D 1 3 -Wave Dominant State of Charmonium from Precise Measurements of the Cross Section of e + e − → Hadrons

We report the precise measurements of the cross section of e + e − → hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV. We thereby perform the most precise study of the cross sections and find a complex system composed of three resonances of R ( 3760 ) , R ( 3780 ) , and R ( 3810 ) . For the first time, we measure the R ( 3810 ) electronic width to be ( 19.4 ± 7.4 ± 12.1 ) eV . For the R ( 3760 ) resonance, we measure the mass to be ( 3751.9 ± 3.8 ± 2.8 ) MeV / c 2 , the total width to be ( 32.8 ± 5.8 ± 8.7 ) MeV , and the electronic width to be ( 184 ± 75 ± 86 ) eV . For the R ( 3780 ) resonance, we measure its mass to be ( 3778.7 ± 0.5 ± 0.3 ) MeV / c 2 , total width to be ( 20.3 ± 0.8 ± 1.7 ) MeV , and electronic width to be ( 265 ± 67 ± 83 ) eV . Forty-seven years ago, the ψ ( 3770 ) resonance was discovered, and was subsequently interpreted as the 1 D 1 3 -wave dominant state of charmonium. However, our analysis of the total-hadron cross sections indicates that the ψ ( 3770 ) is not a single state, but a complex system composed of the R ( 3760 ) , R ( 3780 ) , and R ( 3810 ) resonances. Among these, we interpret the R ( 3780 ) is a resonance dominated by the 1 D 1 3 charmonium state. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Precise Measurement of the e + e − → D s + D s − Cross Section at Center-of-Mass Energies from Threshold to 4.95 GeV

Using the e + e − collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, at center-of-mass energies from the threshold to 4.95 GeV, we present precise measurements of the cross section for the process e + e − → D s + D s − using a single-tag method. The resulting cross section line shape exhibits several new structures, thereby offering an input for a future coupled-channel analysis and model tests, which are critical to understand vector charmonium-like states with masses between 4 and 5 GeV. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Study of D s + → f 0 ( 980 ) ρ + and ϕ π + Decays through D s + → π + π + π − π 0

We perform the first amplitude analysis of D s + → π + π + π − π 0 decays based on data samples of electron-positron collisions recorded with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.33 fb − 1 . We report the observation of D s + → f 0 ( 980 ) ρ ( 770 ) + with a statistical significance greater than 10 σ and determine the branching fractions B ( D s + → π + π + π − π 0 | non − η ) = ( 2.04 ± 0.0 8 stat ± 0.0 5 syst ) % and B ( D s + → η π + ) = ( 1.56 ± 0.0 9 stat ± 0.0 4 syst ) % . Moreover, we measure the relative branching fraction between ϕ → π + π − π 0 and ϕ → K + K − to be [ B ( ϕ ( 1020 ) → π + π − π 0 ) / B ( ϕ ( 1020 ) → K + K − ) ] = 0.230 ± 0.01 4 stat ± 0.01 0 syst ., which deviates from the world average value by more than 4 σ . Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Observation of D + → η ′ μ + ν μ and First Experimental Study of D + → η ′ ℓ + ν ℓ Decay Dynamics

Using 20.3 fb − 1 of e + e − collision data collected at the center-of-mass energy 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we report the first observation of the semileptonic decay D + → η ′ μ + ν μ with significance of 8.6 σ including systematic uncertainties, and an improved measurement of D + → η ′ e + ν e . The branching fractions of D + → η ′ μ + ν μ and D + → η ′ e + ν e are determined to be ( 1.92 ± 0.2 8 stat ± 0.0 8 syst ) × 10 − 4 and ( 1.79 ± 0.1 9 stat ± 0.0 7 syst ) × 10 − 4 , respectively. The ratio of the two branching fractions is determined to be R μ / e = 1.07 ± 0.1 9 stat ± 0.0 3 syst , which agrees with the theoretical expectation of lepton flavor universality within the standard model. From an analysis of the D + → η ′ ℓ + ν ℓ decay dynamics, the product of the hadronic form factor f + η ′ ( 0 ) and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element | V c d | is measured for the first time, giving f + η ′ ( 0 ) | V c d | = ( 5.92 ± 0.5 6 stat ± 0.1 3 syst ) × 10 − 2 . The η − η ′ mixing angle in the quark flavor basis is determined to be ϕ P = ( 39.8 ± 0.8 stat ± 0.3 syst ) ° . Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Evidence for Two Excited Ω − Hyperons

Using e + e − collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19 fb − 1 collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.13 to 4.70 GeV, we report the first evidence for a new excited Ω − hyperon, the Ω ( 2109 ) − , through the process e + e − → Ω ( 2109 ) − Ω ¯ + + c . c . with a significance of 4.1 σ . The mass and width of Ω ( 2109 ) − are measured to be 2108.5 ± 5.2 stat ± 0.9 syst MeV / c 2 and 18.3 ± 16.4 stat ± 5.7 syst MeV , respectively. We also present evidence for a new production mechanism for the previously identified Ω ( 2012 ) − via the process e + e − → Ω ( 2012 ) − Ω ¯ + + c . c . with a significance of 3.5 σ . Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Observation of the Charmonium Decay η c → γ γ in J / ψ → γ η c

Using ( 2712.4 ± 14.3 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the decay η c → γ γ in J / ψ → γ η c is observed. We determine the product branching fraction B ( J / ψ → γ η c ) × B ( η c → γ γ ) = ( 5.23 ± 0.2 6 stat ± 0.3 0 syst ) × 10 − 6 . This result is consistent with the lattice QCD calculation ( 5.34 ± 0.16 ) × 10 − 6 from HPQCD in 2023. By using the world-average values of B ( J / ψ → γ η c ) and the total decay width of η c , the partial decay width Γ ( η c → γ γ ) is determined to be ( 11.30 ± 0.5 6 stat ± 0.6 6 syst ± 1.1 4 ref ) keV , which deviates from the corresponding world-average value by 3.4 σ . Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Observation of an Axial-Vector State in the Study of the Decay ψ ( 3686 ) → ϕ η η ′

Using ( 2712.4 ± 14.3 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, a partial wave analysis of the decay ψ ( 3686 ) → ϕ η η ′ is performed with the covariant tensor approach. In addition to the established states h 1 ( 1900 ) and ϕ ( 2170 ) , an axial-vector state with a mass near 2.3 GeV / c 2 is observed for the first time. Its mass and width are measured to be 2316 ± 9 stat ± 3 0 syst MeV / c 2 and 89 ± 1 5 stat ± 2 6 syst MeV , respectively. The product branching fractions of B [ ψ ( 3686 ) → X ( 2300 ) η ′ ] B [ X ( 2300 ) → ϕ η ] and B [ ψ ( 3686 ) → X ( 2300 ) η ] B [ X ( 2300 ) → ϕ η ′ ] are determined to be ( 4.8 ± 1.3 stat ± 0.7 syst ) × 10 − 6 and ( 2.2 ± 0.7 stat ± 0.7 syst ) × 10 − 6 , respectively. The branching fraction B [ ψ ( 3686 ) → ϕ η η ′ ] is measured for the first time to be ( 3.14 ± 0.1 7 stat ± 0.2 4 syst ) × 10 − 5 . The first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Observation of the W -Annihilation Process D s + → ω ρ + and Measurement of D s + → ϕ ρ + in D s + → π + π + π − π 0 π 0 Decays

We present the first amplitude analysis and branching fraction measurement of the decay D s + → π + π + π − π 0 π 0 , using e + e − collision data collected with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.33 fb − 1 , and report the first observation of the pure W -annihilation decay D s + → ω ρ + with a branching fraction of ( 0.99 ± 0.0 8 stat − 0.07 + 0.05 syst ) % . In comparison to the low significance of the D wave in the decay D s + → ϕ ρ + , the dominance of the D wave over the S and P waves, with a fraction of ( 51.85 ± 7.2 8 stat − 7.90 + 4.83 syst ) % observed in the decay D s + → ω ρ + , provides crucial information for the “polarization puzzle,” as well as for the understanding of charm meson decays. The branching fraction of D s + → π + π + π − π 0 π 0 is measured to be ( 4.41 ± 0.1 5 stat ± 0.1 3 syst ) % . Moreover, the branching fraction of D s + → ϕ ρ + is measured to be ( 3.98 ± 0.3 3 stat − 0.19 + 0.21 syst ) % , and the R ϕ = B ( ϕ → π + π − π 0 ) / B ( ϕ → K + K − ) is determined to be ( 0.222 ± 0.01 9 stat − 0.016 + 0.016 syst ), which is consistent with the previous measurement based on charm meson decays, but deviates from the results from e + e − annihilation and K − N scattering experiments by more than 3 σ . Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Design and Analysis of a Mutual Inductance Level Sensor for Liquid Metals

Here, this article describes the design and analysis of an electromagnetic level sensor for use in high-temperature liquid metal systems. The mutual inductance level sensor (MILS) described in this work was fabricated using two single-conductor mineral insulated cables wrapped in a bifilar fashion around a stainless steel tube core and was housed in an isolating thimble that preserved the pressure boundary of the test vessel. Two sensor variations were fabricated that differ only in active length, 1016 and 1778 mm. Experimental data were collected using the 1016-mm sensor (MILS-MKII-040) that demonstrated a sensitivity of 9.2 μ V/mm in a room temperature testing stand that used solid aluminum as a surrogate for liquid metal. Experimental data were collected using the 1778-mm sensor (MILS-MKII-070) that demonstrated a sensitivity of 6.9 μ V/mm in the high-temperature (300 ° C) liquid sodium environment at the mechanisms engineering test loop (METL) of Argonne National Laboratory. The sensor performance was found to be repeatable over the course of several months, with roughly ±1% deviation from nominal output. Finite element models were developed in COMSOL Multiphysics that fully describe each test setup, and the models were validated using experimental data. The validated COMSOL models were used to perform an array of analyses that examined the performance of the sensor in differing environments. Maximizing the coil diameter inside the isolating thimble was found to maximize the signal and sensitivity of the sensor. An optimal operating frequency was found near 1000 Hz using both experimental data and COMSOL. The influence of a metallic thimble surrounding the sensor and a metallic sensor core was quantified and found to be negligible at the optimal operating frequency. The sensitivity of the sensor was quantified when monitoring the level of additional liquid metals. These include lead, lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE), sodium-potassium alloy (NaK), and lithium (in addition to sodium). The sensitivities were quantified using liquid metal properties at 350 ° C and 650 ° C. The geometry of the test stand model, all material properties used in the model, and the results are presented in a manner that allows the reader can replicate the model and perform additional analyses.

COMSOL↗
DOE OSTI2024

Design Optimization and Measurement Uncertainty of an Electromagnetic Level Sensor for Liquid Metal Reactors

Here, this article describes the design and operation of a prototype mutual inductance level sensor (MILS) and the development and validation of a finite-element analysis (FEA) model describing its behavior. The MILS was designed for use in liquid sodium up to temperatures of 650 °C in the Mechanisms Engineering Test Loop (METL) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). Preliminary testing was performed in a room temperature test stand with aluminum acting as an analog for the sodium to better understand sensor performance and provide accurate code validation data. This experimental data, along with material properties found in literature, were used to validate an FEA model in ANSYS Maxwell. The validated ANSYS Maxwell model was used to examine the performance of the MILS in various environments and under various operating conditions. Simulations suggest the following: The MILS will perform adequately in liquid sodium and liquid lead at temperatures up to 650 °C . The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity imposes a temperature dependence on the sensor that requires proper compensation. The MILS signal sensitivity is maximized when mutual inductance between sensor coils is maximized, and sensor geometry should be selected to account for this factor. The operating frequency of the MILS can be optimized and is dependent on process fluid material, operating temperature, and materials/geometry of sensor system. Finally, the use of a stainless-steel isolating thimble does not adversely affect the sensor signal. The primary sources of error for this MILS system are the accuracy of the calibration standard against which the sensor is calibrated, and the temperature dependence of the sensor. This work contains all the necessary details to recreate the FEA model and results. This model can be used to optimize the performance of a MILS in any operating environment to read any electrically conductive working fluid.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Targeted protein degradation: from small molecules to complex organelles—a Keystone Symposia report

Targeted protein degradation is critical for proper cellular function and development. Protein degradation pathways, such as the ubiquitin proteasomes system, autophagy, and endosome–lysosome pathway, must be tightly regulated to ensure proper elimination of misfolded and aggregated proteins and regulate changing protein levels during cellular differentiation, while ensuring that normal proteins remain unscathed. Protein degradation pathways have also garnered interest as a means to selectively eliminate target proteins that may be difficult to inhibit via other mechanisms. Additionally, on June 7 and 8, 2021, several experts in protein degradation pathways met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium “Targeting protein degradation: from small molecules to complex organelles.” The event brought together researchers working in different protein degradation pathways in an effort to begin to develop a holistic, integrated vision of protein degradation that incorporates all the major pathways to understand how changes in them can lead to disease pathology and, alternatively, how they can be leveraged for novel therapeutics.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Study of self-assembly behavior and ionic conductivity of conjugated liquid crystals with T-shaped facial-polyphilic structure

The unique self-assembly of liquid crystals (LCs), combined with their potential application as organic semiconductors, has become a focus of recent research. Here, a joint experimental and computational study of the self-assembly and ionic conduction was carried out on a series of T-shaped conjugated LCs consisting of three incompatible components. By extending the EOn side-chain length, several experimental evaluations confirmed a decrease of the order-disorder transition temperature, while coarse-grained simulations revealed a structural evolution from a smectic phase to a columnar phase. Ionic conductivity of these molecules was achieved by adding Li salt, leading to a maximum conductivity of 1.1 × 10 −3 siemens per centimeter observed at 120°C. All-atom simulations were performed to examine the Li-ion solvation environment and to evaluate the intrachain and interchain Li-ion hopping mechanisms. The molecule with a long EOn side chain was found to generate a densely distributed network of Li-ion solvation sites, which can facilitate effective interchain hopping to promote ion transport.

Liu, Ziwei [Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United Stat↗
DOE OSTI2020

Measurement of the absolute branching fraction of the inclusive decay $\Lambda _c^+ \rightarrow K_S^0X$: (BESIII Collaboration)

We report the first measurement of the absolute branching fraction of the inclusive decay Λ c + → K S 0 X . The analysis is performed using an e + e - collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb - 1 taken at s = 4.6 GeV with the BESIII detector. Using eleven Cabibbo-favored Λ ¯ c - decay modes and the double-tag technique, this absolute branching fraction is measured to be B ( Λ c + → K S 0 X ) = ( 9.9 ± 0.6 ± 0.4 ) % , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The relative deviation between the branching fractions for the inclusive decay and the observed exclusive decays is ( 18.7 ± 8.3 ) % , which indicates that there may be some unobserved decay modes with a neutron or excited baryons in the final state.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Observation of X(2370) and search for X(2120) in $J/\psi \rightarrow \gamma K{\bar{K}} \eta '$: BESIII Collaboration

Using a sample of 1.31 × 10 9 J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, we perform a study of J/ψ → γKK¯η'. X(2370) is observed in the KK¯η' invariant-mass distribution with a statistical significance of 8.3σ. Its resonance parameters are measured to be M = 2341.6 ± 6.5(stat.) ± 5.7(syst.) MeV/c 2 and Γ = 117 ± 10(stat.) ± 8(syst.) MeV. The product branching fractions for J/ψ → γX(2370), X(2370) → K + K – η' and J/ψ → γX(2370), X(2370) → $K$ $^{0}_{S}$ $K$ $^{0}_{S}$η' are determined to be (1.79 ± 0.23(stat.) ± 0.65(syst.)) × 10 –5 and (1.18 ± 0.32(stat.) ± 0.39(syst.)) × 10 –5 , respectively. No evident signal for X(2120) is observed in the KK¯η' invariant-mass distribution. The upper limits for the product branching fractions of B(J/ψ → γX(2120) → γK + K – η') and B(J/ψ → γX(2120) → $K$ $^{0}_{S}$ $K$ $^{0}_{S}$η') are determined to be 1.49 × 10 –5 and 6.38 × 10 –6 at the 90% confidence level, respectively.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Improved measurement of the strong-phase difference $\delta _D^{K\pi }$ in quantum-correlated $D{\overline{D}}$ decays

The decay D → K - π + is studied in a sample of quantum-correlated D$\overline{D}$ pairs, based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb -1 collected at the ψ(3770) resonance by the BESIII experiment. The asymmetry between CP-odd and CP-even eigenstate decays into K - π + is determined to be A Kπ = 0.132 ± 0.011 ± 0.007, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This measurement is an update of an earlier study exploiting additional tagging modes, including several decay modes involving a $K^{0}_{L}$ meson. The branching fractions of the $K^{0}_{L}$ modes are determined as input to the analysis in a manner that is independent of any strong phase uncertainty. Using the predominantly CP-even tag D → π + π - π 0 and the ensemble of CP-odd eigenstate tags, the observable $A^{πππ^0}_{Kπ}$ is measured to be 0.130 ± 0.012 ± 0.008. The two asymmetries are sensitive to $r^{Kπ}_{D}$ cos $δ^{Kπ}_{D}$ where $r^{Kπ}_{D}$ and $δ^{Kπ}_{D}$ are the ratio of amplitudes and phase difference, respectively, between the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed and Cabibbo-favoured decays. In addition, events containing D → K - π + tagged by D → $K^{0}_{S,L}$π + π - are studied in bins of phase space of the three-body decays. This analysis has sensitivity to both $r^{Kπ}_{D}$ cos $δ^{Kπ}_{D}$ and $r^{Kπ}_{D}$, sin $δ^{Kπ}_{D}$. A fit to A Kπ , $A^{πππ^0}_{Kπ}$ and the phase-space distribution of the D → $K^{0}_{S,L}$π + π - tags yields $δ^{Kπ}_{D}$ = ($187.6^{+8.9+5.4}_{-9.7-6.4}$)°, where external constraints are applied for $r^{Kπ}_{D}$ and other relevant parameters. This is the most precise measurement of $δ^{Kπ}_{D}$ in quantum-correlated D$\overline{D}$ decays.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Operation and performance of the MEG II detector

Abstract The MEG II experiment, located at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) in Switzerland, is the successor to the MEG experiment, which completed data taking in 2013. MEG II started fully operational data taking in 2021, with the goal of improving the sensitivity of the$$\upmu ^+ \rightarrow {\textrm{e}}^+ \upgamma $$ μ + → e + γ decay down to$$\sim 6 \times 10^{-14}$$ ∼ 6 × 10 - 14 almost an order of magnitude better than the current limit. In this paper, we describe the operation and performance of the experiment and give a new estimate of its sensitivity versus data acquisition time.

Physics↗